• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.77-87
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• 1999

Poverty directly affects health and well-being, The poor population has a higher rate of chronics illness. higher infant morbidity and motality rates. shorter life expectancy. more complex health problems. and greater physical limitations resulting from chronic disease. In order to activate primary health care for the poverty in urban area the following measures should be taken : 1. Health center must be expended or establish subhealth center. 2. Health center must monitor neighbour's workplace's health management for their working population. 3. Health centers must do active home visiting nursing care for the urban-poor. 4. Health center must carry out flexible problem-centered practice according to the area. 5. For the urban-poor's health care must have organization of the health center & practice according to community's characteristics. 6. Public health care must be closely connected with welfare. 7. For the health care of the urban-poor must demand active community participation. 8. Health center is closely connected with Community hospital. 9. Active management of public health resource system is demanded.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

Inadequate dietary intakes and poor health behaviors are of concern among rural residents in Korea. This study is conducted to compare dietary intakes, dietary diversity score (DDS), mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR) and health related behaviors by rural, factory and urban areas in Asan. A total of 930 adults (351 men and 579 women) were interviewed to assess social economic status (SES), health related behaviors and food intakes by a 24-hour recall method. Mean age was 61.5 years with men being older (64.8 years) than women (59.3 years, p<0.001). Men in the factory area were older than rural or urban men while urban women were the youngest. Education and income of urban residents were higher than other area residents. There were more current drinkers in urban area while smoking status was not different by regions. Physical activity was significantly higher in rural or factory areas, whilst urban residents exercised more often (p<0.05). Rural or factory area residents considered themselves less healthy than others while perceived stress was lower than urban residents. Energy intakes were higher in urban residents or in men, however, after SES was controlled, energy intake did not show any differences. Energy-adjusted nutrient intakes were significantly higher in the urban area (p<0.05) for most nutrients except for carbohydrate, niacin, folic acid, vitamin $B_6$, iron and fiber. Sodium intake was higher in factory area than in other areas after SES was controlled. DDS of rural men and MAR of both men and women in the rural area were significantly lower when SES was controlled. In conclusion, dietary intakes, diversity, adequacy and perceived health were poor in the rural area, although other health behaviors such as drinking and perceived stress were better than in the urban area. In order to improve perceived health of rural residents, good nutrition and exercise education programs are recommended.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1993

도시영세지역의 가계의료비 지출 정도를 파악하고자 1992년 3월 1일부터 5월 31일까지 3개월간 대구직할시 남구 대명8동의 영세지역의 85가구(대상군)와 임의로 선정한 96가구(대조군)를 대상으로 자기기업방법에 의한 의료비지출 조사를 실시하였다. 조사대상 가구원의 전체 가구원은 819명으로 대상군 377명, 대조군이 442명 이었으며, 평균연령은 대상군 31.1세, 대조군 37.1세였다. 가구당 평균 가구원수는 대상군과 대조군 모두 4.5명이었다. 가구당 평균 월수입은 대상군이 848,600원, 대조군이 1,752,300원이었다. 월평균가계지출은 대상군 635,300원, 대조군 1,414,600원이었으며, 월평균소비지출은 각각 568,800원, 1,238,400원이었다. 월평균 의료비지출은 대상군이 34,500원, 대조군이 58,400원이었다. 월평균 의료보험료는 대상군이 12,900원, 대조군 26,800원으로써 두 군 모두 소득의 1.5% 수준이었다. 월수입에서 보건의료비가 차지하는 비율은 대상군이 4.1%, 대조군이 3.3%였고, 가계지출에서 차지하는 비율은 대상군이 5.4%, 대조군이 4.1%였으며, 가계소비지출에서 보건의료가 차지하는 비율은 대상군이 6.1%, 대조군이 4.7%였다. 월평균 의료보험료를 포함 시켰을 때 가계소비지출에서 보건의료비가 차지하는 비율은 대상군과 대조군이 각각 8.3%와 6.9%를 차지하였다. 보건의료비지출을 의약품, 보건의료용품기구, 보건의료서비스 항목으로 나누어 보았을 때, 대상군은 의약품이 차지하는 비율이 57.4%, 보건의료서비스 41.4%였으며, 대조군에서는 의약품이 52.4%, 보건의료서비스가 45.7%를 차지하였다. 대상군에서는 한방의료비 지출이 전체 의료비 지출의 36.9%, 그리고 대조군에서는 병 의원 의료비 지출이 37.8%로 가장 많았다. 방문당, 이용일당 의료비지출은 대상군에서는 한방의료가 58,100원으로 가장 많았고, 다음이 민속의료로 19,900원이었으며, 대조군은 민속의료가 112,800원으로 가장 많았고, 다음이 한방의료로 66,000원이었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 대상군의 월수입, 가계지출, 소비지출에 대한 의료비의 지출이 대조군에 비하여 그 절대액수는 적으나, 상대적 비율은 높은 것으로 나타나 대상군이 대조군에 비해 의료비 부담이 과중한 것으로 생각된다. 향후 조사표본이 크고, 조사기간을 1년으로 한 의료비지출에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify relationship between suicidal ideation and associated socio-demographic, psychological and behavioral, violence, protective factors among in poor urban area adolescents in Peru. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a sample of 981 secondary school adolescents in 2014 collaborating with Korea International Cooperation Agencies (KOICA) Peru office. For statistical analysis, Chi-square test, logistic regression analysis methods were used. Results: 14.0% of male and 37.1% of female were reported having suicidal ideation during the past 12 months. Suicidal ideation experience of male is affected by mother's education level, depression, life satisfaction, sexual intercourse experience, fight experience, insulted experience. Female is affected by depression, life satisfaction, sexual intercourse experience, insulted experience and physical abuse experience. Conclusions: Suicidal ideation experience in poor urban area of Peru is affected by socio-demographic, psychological and behavioral, violence factors. To solve and prevent suicide of adolescents in this kind of area, it is necessary to apply an integrated development program for parents and teachers to participate. For the sustainable preventive program, there is a need to introduce a counseling program, such as psychological counseling to adolescents suicide prevention programs.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 2013

Deficiency in access to housing is a major manifestation of poverty. In the city of Bangalore, the poor and the marginalized constitute nearly 30 percent of the 8.47 million population (2011 Census) and are living in the nearly 640 slums in addition to squatter settlements and pavements. The city sprawls over an area of 741 sq. kms (2007 estimates) and the poor have very little access to personal living space. According to the Integrated Housing and Slum Development Program guidelines, each household with four average members should have 25 sq. meters of living space. In the case of poor of Bangalore, the attainment of even this minimum is a far cry. In recognition of this acuteness with regard to the problem of housing, the government has introduced schemes like the Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission and the Rajiv Awas Yojana. And these schemes have witnessed only a limited success. Whenever the problem of housing for the urban poor is considered, the state and location of slums get into focus. The people living in slums are a crucial and inevitable support to the city economy. Relocation of slum people is fraught with loss of productivity and strain on the transport system and on the incomes of the poor. Their needs like housing, schooling, health centers, creches, hospices etc. have to be provided for. Financial support to the poor with regard to their housing needs will have to be imaginatively provided by banks and related institutions.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.174-182
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• 2004

The zinc intake and status of South Koreans from rural, urban and metropolitan areas were compared to evaluate the zinc nutritional status in different regional areas in South Korea. The dietary habits of 721 healthy adult subjects (271 from rural, 240 from urban, 210 from metropolitan city) with an age range 30 ∼ 64 (mean age 54$\pm$18) were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Mean daily Zn intake for rural, urban, and metropolitan areas was 6.5 mg, 7.3 mg, and 11.4 mg (p<0.05), respectively, which was 54%,61% and 95% of the Korean RDA for man (12 mg/d). Mean phytate: zinc molar ratios for rural, urban, and metropolitan city were 41, 34, and 30, respectively (p < 0.05), which were higher than the cutoff level of 20 for poor zinc status. The zinc intake and phytate: Zn molar ratio in the rural area were 0.5 and 1.3-fold compared to those of the metropolitan city, which can cause poor zinc nutriture in the rural area. Most of the zinc biomarkers were lower in the rural area than in the metropolitan city (p < 0.05) (mean rural and metropolitan values for plasma Zn: 80.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 119.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; RBC Zn: 7.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL and 8.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/dL, respectively; plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity: 87 mU/mL and 100.4 mU/mL, respectively). It seems that a lower zinc intake in the rural area decreased zinc biomarker levels, such as plasma and RBC zinc, and plasma alkaline phosphatase activity, and caused the poor zinc nutritional status in this area. Most of the zinc biomarkers, such as RBC zinc and urinary and plasma zinc levels, in the subjects from the three localities, were within the normal range even when zinc intake of rural and urban subjects was low. The exception was plasma ALP activity in the rural area, which was lower than the reference level. Thus, marked zinc deficiency in these subjects were not observed, however, the potential for marginal zinc deficiency should be considered, especially for the rural area, because of the low zinc intake and the biomarker levels for marginal zinc deficiency.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.676-683
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• 1995

This nutritional survey was conducted from January to March 1994, in order to investigate the nutirtional knowledge, food habits, nutritional attitude, food preferences and nutrient intakes of housewives living in urban area and rural area. The subjects of this survey were 164 urban housewives living in Daegu and Pohang area and 170 rural housewives living in Andong area. The results obtained are summarized as follows ; The subjects had a high level of perceived knowledge(81.2%), that is the knowledge that each subject believed she had, but the accuracy of the knowledge was only 66.3%. Most of the urban housewives belong to "Fair" or "Good" food habit group, while rural housewives belonged to "Fair" or "Poor" food habit group. The correlation between nutritional knowledge score and food habit score was low. And the correlation between nutritional attitude score and food habit score was low, too. Food perferences for kimchi, cooked rice, potato, milk were high in both group. Most of the nutrient intakes of the urban and rural housewives were not significantly different each otehr at p<0.05.ficantly different each otehr at p<0.05.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.443-462
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• 2006

이 연구는 부산지역에 거주하는 도시 저소득계층의 일상적 생활세계를 '정보'를 매개로 조망하고자 한 조사연구이다. 자료는 기초적인 설문조사와 질적 면담 및 참여관찰을 통하여 수집하고 분석하였으며, 부산지역 A, B, C지역 저소득계층이 지니고 있는 일상적 정보요구와 정보행태를 면밀하게 조사하고 분석함으로써, 우리 사회의 소수자들이 당면해 있는 정보빈곤의 실태와 이러한 현상을 초래하는 제반 요인을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 궁극적으로는 정보빈곤 현상과 정보행태의 소극성 사이의 상관관계를 검증함으로써, 도시저소득층 뿐만 아니라 노년층, 농어촌 지역 주민 장애인 등 소외계층의 정보세계에 노정된 소외의 양상을 밝히는데 이 연구의 목적이 있다. 구체적으로 이 연구에서는 도시 저소득층의 정보요구와 정보추구행태에서 나타나는 주요 특성을 조사하기 위하여 (1) 일상적 관심사의 유형과대처 방식, (2) 일상적 고민을 해결하기 위해 도움을 청하는 대상, (3) 일상의 영위를 위해 필요로 하는 정보를 얻기 위하여 그들이 이용하는 매체의 유형과 특성 등의 범주를 다루었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2007

The purpose of the this study was to provide the basic information about the formation background of urban squatter and their housing state in Korea. This study was progressed on the basis of socio-historical point of view from after the Korean War to the present time. Therefore, this study considered the meaning of housing for urban squatter in the Korean housing history. For this study, the formation background of urban squatter was divided into five periods. The first one was the period of the policy on the mass migration (1955-1960) after the Korean War. The second period was the period of reproduction of deteriorated residential area (1960-1970) for the continuing mass migration policy. The third was the period of disbanding of deteriorated residential area (1970-1980) for redevelopment. The forth period was before the IMF (1980-1997) broke up the deteriorated residential area. The fifth period was after the IMF (1997-) produced the new poverty due to the unemployment and the business failure. Thus, such social change increased the number of urban squatter and created the new type urban poor.

• 도시과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.17-31
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the relations among greenbelt, urban land surface temperature empirically in order to assess the environmental effects of the greenbelt in the Seoul metropolitan area, objectively. For this purpose, this study conducts an empirical analysis of impacts of greenbelt on urban land surface temperature using a multiple-regression model. The main data employed in the analysis include real-time air pollution data, Landsat 8-OLI Landsat imagery data, KLIS data and Jip-gye-gu data. The major findings are summarized as follows. NDVI has a negative (-) correlation with the land surface temperature, and the urban temperature is high in areas with poor vegetation. The land surface temperature is low in residential or commercial areas, while the temperature is high in industrial areas. The temperature is low in green fields, open spaces, and river areas. it is found that the urban land surface temperature is low in the greenbelt zone. In the greenbelt zone, there is an effect that reduces the land surface temperature by 1% on average, as compared to that at the center of the Seoul metropolitan area. Especially, the center of the Seoul metropolitan area, in a range from 0.6% to 1.9% of the average temperature, the temperature gets lower up to approximately 3km from the greenbelt boundary.