• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.1294-1300
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• 2009

Recently, excavations in highly congest urban area have been increased. For the excavations conducted in extremely narrow spaces, we have been developing a novel soil reinforcement system of temporary retaining walls by using deep cement mixing method. The developing method installs largerdiameter ($\Phi$=300~500mm) and shorter reinforcement blocks than previous reinforcement system for mobilizing friction with soils, therefore it has advantages of not only shortening the length of reinforcement system but also reducing the amount of reinforcement. In this study, we performed a numerical analysis of the new reinforcement system by using a commercial finite element program, and evaluated the behavior of the reinforced retaining wall system under various conditions of the length, the diameter, the spacing, and the angle of the reinforcement system.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.335-353
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• 2015

Previous long-term measurements of the Uldolmok tidal current power plant showed that the structure's natural frequencies fluctuate with a constant cycle-i.e., twice a day with changes in tidal height and tidal current velocity. This study aims to improve structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques for offshore structures under a harsh tidal environment like the Uldolmok Strait. In this study, lab-scale experiments on a simplified offshore structure as a lab-scale test structure were conducted in a circulating water channel to thoroughly investigate the causes of fluctuation of the natural frequencies and to validate the displacement estimation method using multimetric data fusion. To this end, the numerical study was additionally carried out on the simplified offshore structure with damage scenarios, and the corresponding change in the natural frequency was analyzed to support the experimental results. In conclusion, (1) the damage that occurred at the foundation resulted in a more significant change in natural frequencies compared with the effect of added mass; moreover, the structural system became nonlinear when the damage was severe; (2) the proposed damage index was able to indicate an approximate level of damage and the nonlinearity of the lab-scale test structure; (3) displacement estimation using data fusion was valid compared with the reference displacement using the vision-based method.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

In order to determine temporal changes of the urban landscape, interdependence and interaction among geo-spatial objects can be analyzed using GIS analytic methods. In this study, to investigate changes in the landscape structure of the Namyangju area, the size and shape of landscape patches, and the distance between the patches were analyzed with the Spatial Autocorrelation Method. In addition, both global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses were conducted. The results of global Moran's I revealed that both patch size and shape index transformed to a more dispersed pattern over time. Next, the local Moran's I of patch size in all time series determined that almost all patches were of a high-low pattern. Meanwhile, the local Moran's I of the shape index was found to have changed from a high-high pattern to a high-low pattern in time series. Finally, as time passes, the number of hot spot patches about size and shape index had been decreased according to the results of hot spot analysis. These changes appeared around the development projects in the study area. From the results of this study, degradation of landscape patches in Namyangju were ascertained and their specific areas were delineated. Such results can be used as useful data in selecting areas for conservation and for preparing plans and strategies in environmental restoration.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2018

Due to its speciality, Johannesburg has drawn wide attention from the international academia, which the existing urban theory cannot easily explain. This paper focuses on the spatial pattern of Johannesburg, and finds that it is highly fragmented: first North-South Division due to apartheid and gold mining, secondly, the continuous sprawl due to population densification, and thirdly formation of city-region due to the fill-in spatial policy. The fragmented spatial pattern undermines the social integration and weakens the potential economic sustainability, which make the balanced multi-core spatial pattern inevitable under the influence of the international planning thought. The Johannesburg's spatial transformation comes not only from social integration, but also from the development vison of world-class status of an African city. In reality, since the collapse of apartheid, the municipal government has released series of strategic planning in different executive phase. These different plannings unanimously focus on the world class status although since 2008, the social inclusiveness is more emphasized. Thus, Johannesburg implements some spatial policies, as promoting the corridor of freedom, identifying the key nodes in the city then developing with high density, implementing the in-filling policy, managing the urban growth boundary, effectively preserving the natural system. However, the industrial structure in Johannesburg is already quite high-ended which cannot produce many jobs and also require much investment in advanced infrastructure. Thus, the strategic goals of world-class status of an African city and social inclusiveness which really need widely shared public services to some extent are in tension. After evaluation, we can see that spatial transformation is quite limited. Obviously spatial transformation largely depends on the social-economy. The population is still in flow. In this sense Johannesburg must energetically support the employment-based industry, effectively control the spatial sprawl and carry out institutional innovation which further incentive investment, gradually build an integrated regional governance. In general, how Johannesburg combines globalization and its own condition is still worth thinking in both theory and practice.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2019

Carbon storage is one of the regulating ecosystem services provided by urban street trees. It is important that evaluating the economic value of ecosystem services accurately. The carbon storage of street trees was calculated by measuring the morphological parameter on the field. As the method is labor-intensive and time-consuming for the macro-scale research, remote sensing has been more widely used. The airborne Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) is used in obtaining the point clouds data of a densely planted area and extracting individual trees for the carbon storage estimation. However, the LiDAR has limitations such as high cost and complicated operations. In addition, trees change over time they need to be frequently. Therefore, Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry with unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a more suitable method for obtaining point clouds data. In this paper, a UAV loaded with a digital camera was employed to take oblique aerial images for generating point cloud of street trees. We extracted the diameter of breast height (DBH) from generated point cloud data to calculate the carbon storage. We compared DBH calculated from UAV data and measured data from the field in the selected area. The calculated DBH was used to estimate the carbon storage of street trees in the study area using a regression model. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of applying UAV imagery and SfM technique to the carbon storage estimation of street trees. The technique can contribute to efficiently building inventories of the carbon storage of street trees in urban areas.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 두 가지의 다른 센서에 의하여 획득된 다시기 항공사진과 KOMPSAT-1 EOC 위성영상을 이용하여 급속하게 변화하는 도시지역의 변화를 검출하고자 하였다. 모든 영상에 대한 1, 2차 기하보정을 통하여 좌표계와 축척을 일치시킨 다음, 동일한 조건 하에서 변화를 검출하기 위하여 7m의 공간해상도로 영상을 재배열하였다. 팬크로매틱 항공사진과 KOMPSAT-1 EOC 영상에 대하여 영상의 차연산 기법과 비연산 기법을 각각 적용하여 건물, 구조물, 도로, 기타 인공지물 등 변화를 검출할 수 있었으며, 다른 유형의 센서 영상을 이용한 시계열적 변화탐지의 잠재성을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 영상의 차연산과 비연산 기법에 의한 변화탐지에 있어서 최적의 임계값을 제시하였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.1013-1018
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• 2014

This paper described the development of equalizing spacer for minimization of voltage drop according to DC feeder extension. Power consumption is increased as shorter interval of train driving time and transportation capacity increase in urban subway. Therefore we investigated voltage drop of catenary at a point in case of traction driving of a train in parallel to the DC power supply system. Based on it's result, equalizing spacer is designed and fabrication to minimize the voltage drop in accordance with the power supply line arranged in three rows, and then its performance was confirmed that the stress distribution of main body and the distributed load are satisfied through the body structure modeling.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 2016

This paper describes the structural solution for the design of a 29-story high-rise tower, which features a large office space above the Kabukiza Theatre. Kabuki is a type of Japanese traditional drama, and Kabukiza is the home building of Kabuki. GINZA KABUKIZA is the fifth generation of the Kabukiza Theatre, the first of which was built in 1889. In order to support 23 stories of office space above the theater - featuring a large void in plan - two 13-meter-deep mega-trusses, spanning 38.4 meters, are installed at the fifth floor of the building. Steelwork is used as a primary material for the structure above-ground, and a hybrid response control system using a buckling-restrained brace and oil damper is adopted in order to achieve a high seismic performance. This paper also describes the erection process of installing hydraulic jacks directly above the mega-truss at column bases, in order to keep the structure above the truss level during construction. The temple architecture of the previous Kabukiza is carefully restored by incorporating contemporary light-weight materials supported by steelwork.

• 한국재난관리표준학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2011

보행공간은 작게는 보행량을 포함하는 공간사용의 정도에 영향을 미치거나 크게는 지역경제의 활성화에 영향을 미치며, 더 크게는 친환경, 친인간적인 도시로서의 삶의 질을 평가하는 지표중의 하나이다. 또한 최근 도심부 보행관련 정책은 선적인 가로환경 개선사업에서 발전된 보행자우선지구로의 전환이 대두되고 있어 특정 보행공간보다는 전체적인 보행공간체계에 대한 고려가 중요시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 도시민을 위한 공간계획의 일환으로 시작된 국내 보행 전용 공간의 물리적 특성과 실제 이용자의 이용 형태에 대한 연구를 통해 국내에 조성된 보행 전용 공간의 특성을 규명하고자 함에 목적을 두고 사례분석을 통한 연구를 진행하였다. 사례연구는 지역적으로는 서울시에 조성된 차없는 거리 중 명동과 관철동에 조성된 시간제 통제방식의 보행자 전용공간을 선택하였으며 이에 대한 현장조사와 설문조사를 병행하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 활용 방안으로는 보행공간 관련 사업 시 특정가로에 치중된 사업이 아닌 지역 전체 보행공간체계의 공간적 가로특성을 고려할 수 있으며, 현행 법제도에서 모호하게 제시된 보행자전용도로 위치 및 횡단보도 위치의 당위성을 제시할 수 있다. 또한, 계획단계에서 보행량 예측에 따른 적절한 계획수립방안을 모색할 수 있다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2010

대규모 공간을 대상으로 하는 도심지 공사는 복잡, 다양한 위험요소가 존재하여 체계적인 리스크 관리가 필요하다. 일반적인 토공사와는 달리 제한된 도시공간이라는 특수한 환경에서 공사가 진행되므로 지반 공학적 특성 외에도 사회, 문화적 불확실성을 통합적으로 관리할 수 있는 특화된 리스크 관리체계의 구축이 필요하다. 본 연구는 먼저 대표적인 리스크 관리 기법의 현황 파악을 통해 기술 분석을 하였다. 설문조사를 실시하여 리스크 인자 파악 및 중요도틀 평가하고 공법별, 카테고리별 체계적으로 분류된 DB를 구축하였으며 이를 기반으로 리스크 추출 모듈과 매트릭스, 스코어 기능을 개발하였다. 확률 및 영향 분석 데이터를 몬테카를로 분석을 통해 예상되는 총 공사비 및 공사기간 분포를 산출할 수 있으며 대응 전, 후 공사비 및 공사기간 분포의 비율 분석이 가능하여 프로젝트의 전 기간에 걸쳐 리스크 관리가 가능한 분석 체계를 구축하였다. 구축된 리스크 관리 체계는 관리 기술 표준화 및 통합 시스템 구축의 토대가 될 것이며 통합적 리스크 관리기법의 개발 및 실용화를 통해 사업의 예산확보 및 운영상 효율성 증대, 효과적인 공정 및 자원관리가 가능하여 결과적으로 지하공사 사업관리의 체제화 및 효율성 증대를 가져와 전체 공사비, 공사기간 저감의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.