• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.246-248
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• 2018

Urban development and population have augmented the increase of impervious land-cover. This phenomenon has amplified the effects of climate change and increasing urban island effects due to increases in urban temperatures. Seoul, South Korea is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world. While land uses in Seoul vary, land cover patterns have not changed much (under 2%) in the past 10 years, making the city a prime target for studying the effects of land cover types on the urban temperature. This research seeks to generalize the urban temperature of Seoul through a series of statistical tests using multi-temporal remote sensing data focusing on multiple scales and typologies of green space to determine its overall effectiveness in reducing the urban heat. The distribution of LST values was reduced as the size of urban forests increased. It means that changing temperature of large-scale green-spaces is less influenced because the broad distribution could be resulted in various external variables such as slope aspect, topographic height and density of planting areas, while small-scale urban forests are more affected from that. The large-scale green spaces contributed significantly to lowering urban temperature by showing a similar mean LST value. Both of concentration and dispersal of urban forests affected the reduction of urban temperature. Therefore, the findings of this research support that creating urban forests in an urban region could reduce urban temperature regardless of the scale.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1985

This study was attempted to evaluate the mental health of high school students in rural and urban community. For the above purpose the Minesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) was conducted for the total 868 students including 213 high school bodys and 209 high school girls in rural community, and 228 high school boys and 218 high school girls in urban community. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Scores of lie, hypochondriasis and social introversion scale were statiatically higher in rural high school boys than urban high school boys, but the scores of psychopathic deviate and hypomania scale were on the contrary. 2. Rural high school girls showed statistically higher scores in depression, paranoia, psychasthenia and schizophrenia scale than urban high school girls did. 3. Scores of validity, correction, hysteria and masculinity-femininity scale were not different between rural and urban community in both of high school boys and high school girls.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.34-49
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• 1993

This research aimed to analize the cognitive intensity of valuation(C.I.V) on urban environment as a first stage of the works on evaluative urban image under the hypothesis that it could be interpreted with a correlation analysis between the C.I.V and attitude(Satisfaction of unsatisfaction Intensity) toward urban environment. As a method of a study, 118 cognitive elements were selected representing an urban environment, and each of elements was suggested to citizens of Kyungju with 7 point Likert Scale. The analysis of C.I.V was operated under the three criteria: The first, three of urban space scale(urban scale, neighborhood scale, and housing scale), the second, four elements of urban living environment(safety, amenity, healthfulness, and effectiveness), and the last, thirteen urban unit environment(housing, traffic, education, tourism, medical/health, culture, etc.). The results were as follows: C.I.V to each of 118 elements was cleary defined, showing the possibilities of being applied to a method for subjective, or cognitive evaluation on urban environment: It was revealed that citizens'C.I.V was rather higher in non-physical, qualitative elements than in physical and quantitative ones. This shows well the limitation of the objective method of evaluation of urban environment: The results of the others' studies on the image of Kyungju based on the cognitive approach, being focused on the analysis of the visual aspects of urban structure, cultural assets, historic site and tourism, were almost same as this study but it was quite different for this research to reveal well the citizens' cognition on their living environment of traffic, education, medical, etc..

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2009

본 연구는 중국의 192개 도시(地級 이상)를 대상으로 도시화경제를 추계한 후 도시화경제와 도시규모의 관계를 분석한다. 실증분석에는 1990년부터 2005년까지의 자료와 Carlino의 모형을 이용한다. 도시화경제의 추계에는 OLS 방법과 AR(1) 방법을 이용한다. 추계 결과에 의하면, 145개 도시의 h 값이 1보다 크게 나타났으며, 도시화경제가 존재하는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 그리고 47개 도시의 h 값은 1보다 작게 나타났으며, 이들 도시는 도시화경제가 존재하지 않는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 북경시(北京市), 천진시(天津市), 상해시(上海市), 중경시(重庆市) 4대 직할시의 도시화경제는 현저하게 나타나고 있으며, 15개 副省級市의 도시화경제도 비교적 높은 수준으로 나타나고 있다. 4대 지역별로 나누어 보면, 동부지역의 도시화경제 수준이 상대적으로 높게 나타나고 있으며, 그 다음은 중부지역과 서부지역 순서이고, 동북지역의 도시화경제는 상대적으로 낮은 수준을 나타내고 있다. 이러한 결과는 동북지역 전체의 장기적 경제침체와도 연관이 있다고 본다. 마지막으로 도시화경제와 도시규모와의 관계를 분석하기 위해, 본 연구는 도시인구규모와 도시화경제에 대한 역U자 검증을 하였다. 전체 도시의 검증 결과에 의하면, 역U자의 관계가 존재하는 것을 받아들이기는 힘들게 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.75-90
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• 2000

This study suggests the methods of the assessment and creation of biotopes in small and medium sized cities, in Korea. For this purpose, Chonju city was selected to classify and asses the biotope types. Moreover, relevant legislations to conserve and enhance urban biotopes were examined. The results of this study are as follows: 1) There were two approaches to asses the potential of urban biotopes in medium-sized cities. One was the urban scale evaluation for urban green spaces and the other was the biotope scale evaluation for the classification and evaluation of biotopes. 2) The urban scale evaluation was developed through overlaping analysis of landuse and vegetation factors. This study also included the conception of watershed. In this conception, three watersheds in Chonju city were characterized. According to these characteristics, individual programs for conservation and enhancement of urban green space were suggested. 3) For the biotope scale evaluation, Selected site was inclusively mapped and field investigation actually was carried. There were total 9 types of bitopes. Especially landuse was appeared in various evaluation items were vegetation structure, area of green space, condition of vegetation and vegetation profile. Mt, Gonji and Dukjin park, Chonbuk national University and fields were evaluated highly I the potential. 4) The biotope programs were based on the results of assessment and physical characteristics of biotopes. The uniform and simple levels on vegetation must be modified with various levels of vegetation structure and vernacular plants. And the physical characteristics like Points, Corridors and Patches can be organized by the conception of biotope networking theory. 5) The proper legislative environment was the clue elements for the biotope programs. Until now, only five types of parks and two types of green space are defined and the minimum size of green space has been proposed by the law. So, it is necessary to enlarge the conception of green space in legislation and improve the quality of green space by amending the related regulations. This study has limitation because it was selected only in Chonju. Through the continuous studies, we need to apply this other small and medium sized cities, South Korea. Also the data collection and management of theme maps such as actual vegetation, landuse and a soil must be done preliminary.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.47-60
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• 2014

Urban-Hanok emerged as a result of urbanization of Hanok in the modern period. In particular, Urban-Hanok has been mass-produced from the early 1920s, when the population is concentrated in cities, until the middle. Large-scale development by the professional developer has been developed in large-scale land rather than individual client because housing shortage was serious problem. 11 Gahoe-dong was made in 1935-36 is representative Urban-hanok area of Bukchon. It was formed through division of large-scale Land in 1930's. In the 1930's, the large-scale development projects of Urban-Hanok was triggered by the two events. One is Land Investigation Project performed by the Japanese government to capitalization of property, another is the pro-japanese bought the large scale-land in Gahoe-dong at bargain price from The Japanese government. Each lot has still a topographical characteristics such as land-dividing quality, the way of development, characteristic quality of urban-tissue. 11 Gahoe-dong, Urban-hanok area was developed two ways. First, development have been adapted to the topography. The lots have reflected topographical conditions such as land cutting area, a retaining wall, land-diving was maintaining the original topography almost. Second, it was street oriented development. The lots have developed sequentially along the street. So, the lots's shape and size is different each. For this reason, this area distribute various type of Hanok.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.284-290
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• 2015

Road traffic noise is closely related with urban forms and urban components, such as population, building, traffic and land-use, etc. Hence, it is possible to minimize the noise exposure problem depending on how to plan new town or urban planning alteration. This paper provides ways to apply for urban planning in consideration of noise exposure through road traffic noise estimation for alteration of small-scale urban form. Spatial autoregressive model from the former study is used as statistical model for noise simulation. The simulation results by the spatial statistical model are compared with those by the engineering program-based modeling for 5 scenarios of small-scale urban form alteration. The error from the limitation of containing informations inside the grid cell and the difficulties of reflecting acoustic phenomena exists. Nevertheless, in the stage of preliminary design, the use of the statistical models that have been estimated well could be useful in time and economically.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2006년도 PARALLEL CFD 2006
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• pp.21-26
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• 2006

A large-scale finite element simulation and modeling method is presented for environmental flows in urban area. Parallel stabilized finite element method based on domain decomposition method is employed for the numerical simulation. Several GIS and CAD data are used for the preparation of the shape model for landform and urban structures. The present method Is applied to the simulation of flood flow and wind flow In urban area. The present method is shown to be a useful planning and design tool for the natural disasters and the change of environments in urban area.

• 국토계획
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.27-42
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial characteristics of the parcels in which building construction occurred. In recent, urban development patterns in Korea have been shifting from the past. Small-scale development at parcel level is becoming more important in accordance with individual location needs in the low-growth era unlike public lead large-scale urban development in the rapid growth period. Therefore, it is necessary to study the spatial characteristics of the parcels where small-scale development takes place for future urban development management. This study used the chi square independence test, t-test and ANOVA (analysis of variance) to identify the spatial characteristics. The results of the study show that there is a spatial characteristics difference not only between building construction and non-building construction parcels, but also by type of building construction. The parcel where the building construction occurred have a higher proportion in detached house, major commercial districts, district unit planning areas, and commercial areas. In addition, it is caused by parcels, which are large scale and economically valuable, and are influenced by traffic factors such as urban centers and subway accessibility. As a result of each type of building construction, the parcels where the building use change occurred have spatial characteristic difference compared to other building construction, while the spatial characteristics are similar between the new construction/extension and new construction/extension with change of use. Based on this results, it will be possible to identify areas with high demand for small-scale development in the future and to utilize them for planning management of urban development. Furthermore, it will be possible to manage development demand by type of building construction, and to prepare differentiated plans considering the appropriateness of development plan, availability of infrastructure, and harmony with surrounding environment.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2008

Buildings are responsible for approximately 50% of current carbon dioxide emissions. Energy planning at a town and city scale needs a strategic approach, supported by strong planning policies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the urban scale grid-connected photovoltaic(PV) system for urban residential and commercial sector applications. The integration of PV technology into roof of houses is an approach that is being championed in Germany, Japan and United states etc. In the Korea, PV roofing systems already are given the large number of houses which are projected to be built by 2012. However unlike germany and Japan, urban scale grid-connected PV system is not yet installed. The solar city which is installed building-integrated photovoltaic system is available to use of renewable energy sources such as solar to meet demand, instead of fossil fuels, with the goal of realizing an ecologically oriented energy supply.