• Health Policy and Management
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.139-155
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• 1999

This study was performed to assess the practice behavior and the need for cancer screening in order to design the community projects in Suwon city. A random sample of urban married women was surveyed on knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast and cervical cancer screening by telephone from April 28th to May 19th. Four hundred two married women completed the questionnaire, and the results were as follows: 1. Urban women were not generally knowledgeable about symptoms, signs and etiology of breast and cervical cancer. Only 11.4% of respondents were fully aware of those subjects. 2. Two hundred eighty six repondents(71.1%) reported having had a mammogram or Pap smear, while 116 respondents(28.9%) reported never having had a mammogram nor Pap smear. 3. The rate of mammogram increased by age and income status significantly(p〈0.05). 4. The majority(73.1%) of women who had a mammogram reported that it was part of a routine physical examination and another 24.3% of the women reported that they had a mammogram for specific breast problems. Meanwhile, the reasons reported for never having a mammogram were as follows; never had any problems (72.1%), no chance(11.2%), no time(4.3%). 5. The main factors associated with adherence to mammography screening guidelines was monthly income status. 6. The majority(80.6%) of women who had a Pap smear reported that it was part of a routine physical examination and another 16.0% of the women reported that it was part of a routine physical examination and another 16.0% of the women reported that they had a Pap smear for specific uterus problems. Meanwhile, the reasons reported for never having a Pap smear were: never had any problems(69.0%) and no chance(11.5%) 7. Women with higher income status were most likely to have a Pap smear regularly (p〈0.01), and the rate of Pap smear increased by education level significantly(p〈0.05). The main factors associated with adherence to Pap smear screening guidelines were education level and monthly income status, similar to those of mammograph. These findings indicate that married women in Suwon city show a lower rate of breast and cervical cancer screening practice than that of developed countries. The rate of mammograph was especially low. It is, therefore, suggested that cost, environmental factors, process, and information for screening tests be considered more programmatically before designing a community project for breast and cervical cancer screening.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in citizen satisfaction with parks and green spaces in Daegu. Three surveys were conducted using the same measurement tools in 1986, 2001, and 2010. Major results are as follows: 1. The overall satisfaction level with parks and green spaces increased remarkably over the last25years. Satisfaction levels with city spaces overall were higher than that of nearby surrounding areas. 2. Diversity of green spaces was the most distinguished indicator in increasing level of satisfaction while the management level of green space facilities showed the lowest improvement. 3. The factor analysis for individual variables for satisfaction resulted in two factors: functions and physical conditions were categorized as one factor, and indicators for the planning of green spaces were the other. Using a regression model, the major variables found for satisfaction were diversity, management level of woods, quantitative level, function of static recreation, and management level of facilities, respectively. 4. Regarding satisfaction level by the type of green spaces, green spaces by streets showed a remarkable increase while green spaces in industrial areas showed the lowest improvement. A factor analysis for each type of green space resulted in 3 factors: green spaces of urban parks, green spaces of urban recreational facilities, and green spaces of each district including residential areas and industrial areas.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제31권3B호
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• pp.205-209
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• 2011

The low carrying capacity caused by the deposition in a sewer line is one of the main reason of the urban flood. Therefore, an efficient maintenance and management of the storm water drainage system is very important to prevent urban flood. In this research, the sediment transport characteristics through a pressure pipeline were examined with laboratory experiments. Bed-forms in a pipeline, sediment rates, roughness due to sediments were examined. Experimental system consists of flow circulation system with a pump and a sediment feeder at the upstream of the pipeline. Sediments were supplied into a 60 mm-diameter and 8 m-long pipe. Maximum flow rate is $30m^3/hr$, and the sediment feeding rate range is 5 g/s~19 g/s. Governing parameters and estimation equation for sediment transport rate were developed. The mean velocity (U), coefficient of viscosity (${\mu}$), unit width bed load ($q_b$), mean diameter of particle ($d_{50}$), unit weight of sediment in water (${\gamma}^{\prime}_s$) were adopted as the most influencing factors of sediment transport patterns. The prediction equation for sediment transport rate were developed with two dimensionless terms. These two dimensionless terms showed a linear relationship with high correlation coefficient.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.272-278
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• 2016

Porous pavements are recommended as a Low-Impact Development (LID) method which is a strategy to develop a water cycle as close to a natural state as possible, and to solve the urban impervious surface problems. Porous pavements can yield a solution if it provides a more permeable surface with extra space to contain extra water from building roofs. But there are few applications in Korea because of a lack of recognition and experience. Highway engineers are mainly concerned about the infiltration of water into pavement structures. They worry about the weakening of the asphalt mixture and subgrade, and freezing during the winter season due to the infiltration of water. Meanwhile, hydrological experts doubt the effects of the amount of water to control during the flooding season, and environmental experts prefer a non-point pollution treatment system established beside highway. In this study, from reviewing the history and the body of literature about porous pavements, conclusions regarding the most advanced technologies were made. First, traditional thickness designs can be used for porous pavement, no extra distresses was found by weakening and freezing during the winter season. Second, hydrological design can be made by controlling the thickness of the pavement and the outlet of water. Third, the treatment efficiency of non-point pollution of porous pavements is not worse than any other method. Importantly, it's a more eco-friendly solution because of its lower requirement for de-icing agents.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 2005

There has been a growing interest in the elimination of anoxic layer in the Youngsan River Estuarybecause the anoxic water mass caused mainly by the inflow of fresh water from the sea wall might cause the mass reduction of benthos during summer. An ocean outfall system to discharge treated wastewater into sea water may be used as one of the effective and economical ways to eliminate the anoxic layer. The suitable ocean outfall design is generally proposed for the prediction of the buoyant jet behavior in the near field. The parameters including CTD and current data are taken into account f3r more reliable buoyant jet behavior calculation. One of the numerical models, CORMIX 1, approved by EPA is used herein for the prediction of the trajectorial variation of the cross-sectional salinity and DO concentration distribution on the calculated buoyant jet boundary according to the tidal periods. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the single port outfall is a useful system to eliminate the anoxic layer. Proper strategies are also proposed for achieving desirable ambient conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2017

There have been a number of water and sewer pipe breakdown reports followed by ground subsidence. Also, the excavating works for construction due to overcrowding of city have been common. Particularly, in urban areas ground becomes unstable because of the lowered lifeline sinkage followed excavation and backfilling. In order to solve the problem, some reinforcement works for ground by rod tamping or grouting have been applied. However, it is hard to predict when the buried utilities in underground will be damaged. Also, there is a limit for the underground exploration and investigation methods. Therefore, in this study, the estimated about the water soluble polymer pouch including poor mixed admixture which is designed to eliminate the dangerous factors. The reinforcement strength of this method was confirmed by verifying three points: meltiness in a certain period, water solubility in the ground water level, and characteristics of the pouch, which can be stored in daily conditions. It is also proved that this method allows to keep the ground from getting weakened in the installation of water and sewer pipe along with back filling materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.143-156
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the Sinseo Innovation City of Daegu has been eco-friendly developed by analyzing changes in NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature) and conducting field surveys. Using Landsat satellite images, it compares NDVI and LST changes between the years of 2008 and 2018. The results of the study are as follows. First, the NDVI has decreased by 0.07 and the zLST has increased by $0.85^{\circ}C$ over the past 10 years. Second, districts with lower NDVI and higher zLST were concentrated with infrastructure with impermeable materials. Districts with higher NDVI and lower zLST were utilized urban design techniques such as permeable parking lot, green roof, and permeable pavement. Third, districts with higher NDVI and lower zLST were applied eco-friendly planning items properly by district unit plan guideline. It is meaningful to suggest planing directions and urban planning elements considering the environmental friendly development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제110권2호
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• pp.266-279
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• 2021

This study applied the e-PBL (e-Project-based learning) method for "Urban Forest Management" courses in the Department of Forest Science at S University to progress in university forest education. e-PBL effectively motivates self-directed learning, problem-solving, communication skills, and learners' responsibility by enabling them to choose, design, and perform their projects. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, learners were encouraged to use online media to carry out projects and submit presentations for the campus forest. Learners' educational effects were subsequently investigated through a five-point Likert scale. This study discovered a positive effect on learners' motivation and interest (4.17) through e-PBL. Learners responded that e-PBL also helped their understanding regarding the subject (4.17). In addition, this study provided evidence that the e-PBL method was helpful in problem-solving (4.25), communication (4.33), and decision-making skills (4.21). According to learners' responses, there are positive indications that learners were satisfied with e-PBL. Learners responded that interactions and communications with team members could improve their understanding of the subject. Hence, there is scope for improving an efficient and successful e-PBL model suitable for university forest education by providing more efficient instructional time management, e-PBL method guidelines, and institutional support.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.44-53
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• 2021

Urban stormwater runoff contains heavy metals that accumulate in on-site treatment systems, thus resulting to facility deterioration and maintenance problems. In order to resolve these problems, low impact development (LID) technologies that promote natural materials circulation are widely used. LID facilities are capable of treating heavy metals in the runoff by means of plant uptake; however, the uptake or phytoremediation capabilities of plants have not been studied extensively, making it difficult to select the most suitable plant species for a certain LID design. This study investigated the vegetative components of an LID facility, roadside plants, and plants in landscape areas with different heavy metal exposure and frequency to determine the uptake capabilities of different plant species. The plants harvested inside the LID facilities and roadsides with high vehicular traffic exhibited greater heavy metal concentrations in their tissues as compared with the plants in landscape areas. Generally, the accumulation of heavy metals in the plant tissues were found to be influenced by the environmental characteristics (i.e. influent water quality, air pollution level, etc.). Dianthus, Metasequoia, Rhododendron lateritium, and Mugwort were found to be effective in removing Zn in the urban stormwater runoff. Additionally, Dianthus, Metasequoia, Mugwort, and Ginkgo Biloba exhibited excellent removal of Cu. Cherry Tree, Metasequoia, and mugwort efficiently removed Pb, whereas Dianthus was also found to be effective in treating As, Cr, and Cd in stormwater. Overall, different plant species showed varying heavy metal uptake capabilities. The results of this study can be used as an effective tool in selecting suitable plant species for removing heavy metals in the runoff from different land use types.

• Journal of Appropriate Technology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.115-125
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• 2020

Housing issues such as mushrooming slums remain as chronic in most developing countries. Due to the state's restrained capacity, the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches have been increasingly inevitable and vital for addressing the housing issues. However, there are still two challenges: securing good quality with economic efficiency, and climate change mitigation and adaptation. This study aims at doing an architectural experiment by developing and educating the production of eco-friendly interlocking stabilized soil bricks (ISSB) by employing vernacular materials and technologies for housing-vulnerable communities in Indonesia. In collaboration with a local architectural NGO, the study features a co-creation workshop in which 40 evicted households participate in the whole process. Soil analysis, mixed design, compression tests, and economic analysis are carried out. This paper illustrates that ISSB also has a high potential as an alternative to a burned brick or a cement block. The application of ISSB to self-help housing is expected to have socioeconomic and environmental effects, thereby facilitating the housing-vulnerable's self-help approaches and contributing to addressing the housing challenges in Indonesia.