• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.445-452
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• 2020

Tributary is a part of life space for people and a very important place that accommodates rest recreation and other daily activities. absolutely insufficient basic data about water quality and flow rate are available for basin management. Efficient water and basin management systems, which are also supported by local residents can be established by securing such basic data of major tributaries in the Nakdong river system. In this study, the fluctuation characteristics of upstream and downstream water pollution levels were compared using the measurement results of the water environment measurement network and the tributary monitoring project for the gyeseong-stream and Hwapo-stream in the Nakdong-miryang watershed. In 2017, when water pollution is the highest, it was confirmed that the annual average rainfall was the lowest. Although the upstream and downstream water quality tendencies of the Gyeseong-stream are similar, the water quality concentrations of the Gyeseong-stream are relatively different. But although the Hwapo stream has various causes of pollution, there was not much difference in the level of pollution between the upper and lower streams. In addition, both rivers need the ability to purify rivers by securing sufficient water for river maintenance, and if the correlation between water quality items can be inferred through continuous monitoring of tributaries where the aspect of water quality change is unclear, water quality management Determined to be efficient operation.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.640-649
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is the analysis of the water quality spatial characteristics for the main stream of Nakdong River in consideration of the tributary inflow. The flow and water quality (BOD, TOC, TP) data for 32 monitoring stations located in the main stream and the tributaries of Nakdong River were collected from 2003 to 2016. From the results of the flow and water quality analyses for each site, a status map of the flow and the water quality for Nakdong River was produced. The water quality of each river section was classified according to seven river-environment standards. The water quality changes in the main stream before and after the confluence were analyzed spatially. As a result, the water quality of Kumho River, in particular the Kumho B to Kumho C section, is the worst among the tributaries. In addition, the water quality grades of the lower streams such as Nam River and Miryang are worse than that of the upper streams of the Nakdong River. In the case of the main stream, the water quality grades of the sections between the Wicheon and Nam River confluences and the section from Nakbon L to Nakbon N are relatively poor.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.564-571
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• 2011

하천복원과 환경유량을 위한 기초자료를 확립하고자 한강수계중 달천에서 어류상, 군집구조 및 물리적 서식조건을 2008년 9월부터 2009년 11월까지 조사하였다. 5개지점을 선정하여 실시된 어류 채집결과 총 9과 35종 2,089개체가 포획되었으며, 이중 한국고유종은 줄납자루 및 참종개를 포함하는 총 19종(54.3%)이 출현하였다. 출현어종중 개체수 구성비가 가장 높은 종은 피라미로 30.3%를 차지하였고, 다음은 쉬리 18.0%, 참갈겨니 13.0 등의 순으로 나타났다. 어류군집은 상류로부터 하류로 내려갈수록 어종수가 증가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 생물다양도는 양호상태를 나타내었다. 집괴분석은 0.63 수준에서 2개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 우리나라 대부분 상류하천은 여울과 유수역이 반복되면서 이어지는 형태를 보여주고 있으나, 무분별한 하천사업 및 직강화 수로화 공사로 인해 하천의 서식지 다양성이 계속 감소되고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 생물다양성을 유지하고 생태적 하천복원을 위해서는 각 어종에 대한 물리적 서식 조건을 자세하게 파악하여 서식지 조성에 필요한 노력을 해야 할 것이다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.336-347
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• 2013

This paper presents an evaluation of stream restoration projects in Seoul with a focus on dissolved oxygen. Five test sites across four streams were measured for dissolved oxygen (DO) in late May to early June in 2012 and compared against a set of minimum and maximum thresholds. Only one test site, Hwarang-cheon, showed measurements below 6 mg/l DO. Towards the upper limit, the Hwarangcheon site was the only tested stream which was not at risk of DO supersaturation. The Danghyeon-cheon site had the highest probability of supersaturation, with DO saturation exceeding 130% expected 86.5% of the time. When measured every hour during daytime, DO levels showed diurnal variations, peaking in the afternoon. However, they showed inconsistent results along transects of the streams. Overall, the streams are rich in DO. To maintain the streams in good standing, nutrient loading should be addressed to prevent potential algal bloom induced hypoxic events down the line.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.333-343
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• 1998

This paper proposes variable stream and sample size(VSSS) group control charts in which both the number of streams selected for sampling and sample size from each of the selected streams are allowed to vary based on the values of the preceding sample statistics. The proposed charts select a small portion of streams and take samples of size n = 1 if both the largest and smallest of sample means fall between the lower and upper threshold limits, and select a large portion of streams and take samples of size n > 1 otherwise. A Markov chain approach is used to derive the formulas for evaluating the performances of the proposed charts. Numerical comparisons are made between the VSSS and fixed stream and sample size(FSSS) group control charts.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2019년도 학술발표회
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• pp.407-407
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• 2019

According to Asian Development Bank report Pakistan is among water scarce countries. Climate scenario on the basis IPCC fifth assessment report (AR5) revealed that annual mean temperature of Pakistan from year 2010-2019 was $17C^o$ which will rise up to $21C^o$ at the end of this century, similarly almost 10% decrease of annual rainfall is expected at the end of the century. It is a changing task in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan to meet the water demands of rapidly increasing population in a changing climate. While many studies have tackled scarcity and stream flow forecasting of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) Pakistan, very few of them are related to socio-economic and climate change impact on sustainable water management of UIB. This study investigates the pattern of current and future surface water availability for various demand sites (e.g. domestic, agriculture and industrial) under different socio-economic and climate change scenarios in Upper Indus Basin (UIB) Pakistan for a period of 2010 to 2050. A state-of-the-art planning tool Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) is used to analyze the dynamics of current and future water demand. The stream flow data of five sub catchment (Astore, Gilgit, Hunza, Shigar and Shoyke) and entire UIB were calibrated and validated for the year of 2006 to 2011 using WEAP. The Nash Sutcliffe coefficient and coefficient of determination is achieved ranging from 0.63 to 0.92. The results indicate that unmet water demand is likely to increase severe threshold and the external driving forces e.g. socio-economic and climate change will create a gap between supply and demand of water.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1997

유목(流木) 대책(對策)에 필요한 기초 자료를 얻기 위해 산지급류소하천(山地急流小河川)에 있어서 유목(流木)의 발생, 이동 및 체류(滯留)에 영향을 미치는 하상미지형(河床微地形)의 특성과 유목(流木)의 본수, 크기, 형태, 부후도(腐朽度), 체류(滯留) 방향(方向) 및 종류 등의 유목(流木) 특성(特性)을 파악하였다. 1. 유목(流木)의 체류(滯留) 본수(本數)는 하폭(河幅)에 비례하여 증가하는 경향이 나타났으나 하천의 종단 물매에는 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 특히 확폭부(擴幅部)에서도 복수(複數) 유로(流路)가 발달된 구간을 중심으로 다량의 유목(流木)이 체류(滯留)하고 있었으며, 현유로(現流路)보다는 하상퇴적지(河床堆積地)에 주로 체류(滯留)하고 있었다. 2. 조사 대상인 직경 10cm 이상, 길이 2m 이상의 유목(流木)은 총 402개로 100m당 체류(滯留) 본수(本數)는 35.3개였다. 또한 유목(流木)의 평균 길이와 흉고직경은 각각 4.0m, 14.0cm였으며, 구간별 유목(流木)의 크기는 하류로 갈수록 길이가 짧아지고 직경이 커지는 경향이 나타났다. 3. 유목(流木)이 이동할 때에는 토석류(土石流)나 조도(粗度)가 큰 하상(河床) 재료(材料)와 접촉되기 때문에 하류(下流) 구간(區間)과 일부 상류(上流) 구간(區間)에서 뿌리가 없는 유목(流木)이 다수 발견되었으며, 상류(上流) 구간(區間)에서도 유목(流木)의 원형이 크게 손상된 경우가 많았다. 또한 유목(流木)의 부후도(腐朽度)는 하류로 갈수록 심했으며, 하류의 일부 구간에는 부후(腐朽)가 상당히 진행된 유목(流木)이 발견되어 이전에도 유목(流木)이 체류(滯留)하고 있었던 것이 확인되었다. 4. 유목(流木)의 체류(滯留) 방향(方向)은 유심(流心)에 평행하여 체류(滯留)하는 경우와 직각으로 체류(滯留)하는 경우가 각각 276 : 126으로 유심(流心)에 평행하여 체류(滯留)하는 경우가 많았다. 그러나 일부 구간에는 유심(流心)에 직각 방향으로 체류(滯留)하는 유목(流木)이 다수 분포하여 유목(流木) 자체가 불안정할 뿐 아니라 이동(移動) 토사(土砂)가 체류(滯留)되기 쉬우므로 이에 대한 대비책이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 5. 유목(流木)의 종류는 침엽수인 일본잎갈나무가 전체 유목(流木)중 약 2/3에 해당하는 256본을 차지하고 있었다. 그러나 일본잎갈나무의 경우 지상부에 비해 지하부가 빈약하기 때문에 하상(河床) 재료(材料)의 작은 충격이나 소규모의 하상변동(河床變動)에 의해서도 유출되기 쉬우므로 하안림(河岸林)의 수종으로 선택할 경우에는 신중을 기해야 할 것이다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.40-54
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• 2008

Small and large dams are installed in the course of a stream for maintaining the water level of the stream or obtaining agricultural water. Currently about 18,000 of them are installed in Korea to supply water. However, the environmental problems of small dams are well known : the interruption of stream eco-corridors, deterioration of water quality in the upper reaches of the small dam, changes in the habitats of riparian organisms, damages to the stream scenery. In a very few of these small dams artificial eco-corridors like fishways are installed, but the number is very minimal.Accordingly, to efficiently restore stream eco-corridors by removing these small dams, it will be necessary to closely examine physical impacts, such as changes in the riverbed and changes in the shape of the stream caused by the removal, chemical impacts, such as changes in water quality, and transport and accumulation of contaminated sediments and biological impacts, such as changes in the habitats of organisms, and develop related technologies in advance, and have these technologies verified through demonstration application in the sites. In this study, we analyzed the physical, chemical and ecological impacts of the removal of the above-mentioned small dams, and conducted a research on the demonstration small dam removal project for a spot investigation. As a result, the small dam removal will restore the eco-corridor, there by improving the habitat of fishes and crustaceans. The number of major underwater organisms inhabiting the Gokreungcheon, such as Korean spotted sleepers, Chinese minnows, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Abbottina rivularis, stone morokos, striped shinners, long-nosed barbels, and Chinese mitten crabs, is expected to increase, and the food chain in the ecosystem will improve so that species diversity will improve as well.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2010

The distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Daecheon stream, an urban stream of Busan, was investigated to analyze the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates. The collection was performed monthly at five(A~E) sites divided into three parts, upper, middle and lower, of stream from January to November, 2004. In physicochemical analysis of environmental factors, water quality parameters such as BOD, COD, conductivity and ABS were relatively increased in sites B and C. Whereas sites A, D and E showed little variations with good water quality parameters. However, water quality parameters in all surveyed sites showed gradual decrease with time toward improvement of water quality. A total of 8,226 individuals including 4 phyla, 6 classes, 9 orders, 302 families and 44 species were identified from five sites. The most dominant group was insect(class Insecta), and order Ephemeroptera and Diptera among insect was the largest member in species(30.6%) and individuals(75.0%) of benthic macroinvertebrates, respectively. The primary dominant species were Gammarus sp. and Ephemera strigata in site A, whereas Chironomus sp. and Brenchiura sowerbyi were dominated commonly in the other sites. In community analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates of Daecheon stream diversity index showed relatively low values, whereas dominance index was significantly high. Diversity index was the highest in site A, whereas the dominance index was the highest in site B. However, diversity index showed gradual increase with time showing adverse mode in dominance index. From these results, it can be suggested that long-term ecological monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrate fauna is needed for sustainable management of Daecheon stream.