• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.93-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of emotional regulation strategies of 3-year-old infants in frustrating situations and the correlation between infants' emotional strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies. In the current study, 33 dyads of infant-mother were observed in the laboratory. Stansbury and Sigman's (2000) experimental instrument was revised and complemented according to Korean culture, and it was categorized into 5 measures for infants' use of emotional regulation strategies in frustrating situations and their mothers' responsive strategies: comforting, instrumental, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, and others. As a result, infants' emotional regulation strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies were categorized as 5 such strategies. The findings of this study showed that 3-year-old infants used complex strategies including cognitive reappraisal. They used instrumental strategy most during a 'clean up' frustrating situation and distraction strategy during a 'candy given then denied' situation. There was significant correlation between infants' emotional regulation strategies and their mothers' responsive strategies.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.388-393
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• 2016

Although brown adipose tissue is important with regard to energy balance, the molecular mechanism of brown adipocyte differentiation has not been extensively studied. Specifically, regulation factors at the level of protein modification are largely unknown. In this study, we examine the changes in the expression level of enzymes which are involved in protein lysine methylation during brown adipocyte differentiation. Several enzymes, in this case SUV420H2, PRDM9, MLL3 and JHDM1D, were found to be up-regulated. On the other hand, Set7/9 was significantly down-regulated. In the case of SUV420H2, the expression level increased sharply during brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas the expression of SUV420H2 was marginally enhanced during the white adipocyte differentiation. The knock-down of SUV420H2 caused the suppression of brown adipocyte differentiation, as compared to a scrambled control. These results suggest that SUV420H2, a methyltransferase, is involved in brown adipocyte differentiation, and that the methylation of protein lysine is important in brown adipocyte differentiation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2008

The chemopreventive activity of sulforaphane (SFN) occurs through its inhibition of carcinogen-activating enzymes and its induction of detoxification enzymes. However, the exact mechanisms by which SFN exerts its anti-carcinogenic effects are not fully understood. Therefore, the mechanisms underlying the cytoprotective effects of SFN were examined in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Exposure of cells to SFN (10 ${\mu}M$) induced a transcriptional change in the AKR1C3 gene, which is one of aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) family that is associated with detoxification and antioxidant response. Further analysis revealed that SFN elicited a dose- and time-dependent increase in the expression of both the NRF2 and AKR1C3 proteins. Moreover, this up-regulation of AKR1C3 was inhibited by pretreatment with antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), which suggests that the up-regulation of AKR1C3 expression induced by SFN involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with LY294002, a pharmacologic inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), suppressed the SFN-augmented Nrf2 activation and AKR1C3 expression; however, inhibition of PKC or MEK1/2 signaling with $G\ddot{o}6976$ or PD98059, respectively, did not alter SFN-induced AKR1C3 expression. Collectively, these data suggest that SFN can modulate the expression of the AKR1C3 in MCF-7 cells by activation of PI3K via the generation of ROS.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.302-307
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• 2011

Peptidoglycan (PGN) is detected in inflammatory cell-rich regions of human atheromatous plaques. The present study investigated the effects of PGN on CC chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3) expression, which is elevated in the atherosclerotic arteries, and determined cellular factors involved in PGN-mediated CCL3 up-regulation in mononuclear cells, with the goal of understanding the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory responses to bacterial pathogen-associated molecular patterns in diseased arteries. Exposure of human monocytic leukemia THP-1 cells to PGN resulted in enhanced secretion of CCL3 and profound induction of the CCL3 gene transcript. Both events were abrogated by oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonosyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine, an inhibitor of Toll-like receptors 2/4. Pharmacological inhibitors such as U0126, SP6001250, Akt inhibitor IV, rapamycin, RO318220, diphenyleneiodonium chloride, and N-acetylcysteine also significantly attenuated PGN-mediated CCL3 up-regulation. However, polymyxin B, LY294002, and SB202190 did not influence CCL3 expression. We propose that PGN contributes to enhanced CCL3 expression in atherosclerotic plaques and that Toll-like receptors (TLR2), Akt, mTOR, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and reactive oxygen species are involved in that process.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2005

The ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion, first identified in the chromosomal translocation in congenital fibrosarcoma, encodes a chimeric protein tyrosine kinase with potent transforming activity. ETV6-NTRK3-dependent transformation involves the joint action of NTRK3 signaling pathways, and aberrant cell cycle progression resulting from activation of Mek1 and Akt. The level of glutathione (GSH) was found to be markedly increased in ETV6-NTRK3-transformed NIH3T3 cells. The activities of the two GSH biosynthetic enzymes as well as of glutathione peroxidase, together with their mRNAs, were also higher in the transformed cells. The transformed cells were able to grow in the presence of GSH-depleting agents, whereas the control cells were not. L-Buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) inhibited activation of Mek1 and Akt in the transformed NIH3T3 cells. These observations imply that up-regulation of GSH biosynthesis plays a central role in ETV6-NTRK3-induced transformation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1536-1544
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• 2018

The existing 24-pulse autotransformer rectifier unit (ATRU) needs interphase reactors for parallel work of the rectifier bridges, and its output voltage cannot be regulated. Aiming at these problems, a step-up and step-down asymmetrical 24-pulse ATRU is proposed in this paper. The connections and turns ratios among transformer windings are well designed. In addition, a 15-degree phase difference is formed between two of the 24 voltage vectors produced by the transformer, which makes the four rectifier bridge groups produce a 24-pulse DC voltage without interphase reactors. Meanwhile, by adding extended winding to each phase of the transformer, wide-range regulation of the ATRU output voltage can be realized, and the reasonable voltage regulation range is between 0.2 and 1.6. The superposition of the voltage vectors and the principle of the voltage regulation are analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the turns ratio of the windings, winding current, output voltage, and kilovolt-ampere rating are all derived. Finally, the simulations and experiments are carried out, and the correctness of the principle and theoretical analysis of the new 24-pulse ATRU are verified.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

This thesis is to analyse the correlations between parent's raising attitude and children' personal character. The way their parents raised them is divided 4 ways-devotion, hostility, autonomy and regulations. Children' personal characters are composed of Self-esteem and Self-regulation. In order to do this study first, I Set up a hypothesis. Second, I surveyed the result from the questionnaire to verify it on the basis of the data on the 442 elementary student in the fifth and sixth grade who live in the Ansan-City. Third, I used the SPSS program. Based on the result of the research, the hypothesis is proved as follows: The result from strong devotion and autonomy show high Self-esteem and Self-regulation, but those from strong hostility and regulation show low Self-esteem and Self-regulation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1338-1347
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• 2022

In recent years, the number of Chinese college students in unhealthy or sub-healthy state in terms of mental health accounts for about 30% and has been going up. As we know, college students are in the middle of youth, an important stage of physical and psychological development. In this case, how to regulate mental health will become an important research direction. Based on emotion regulation theory, this thesis discussed the impact that 'healing animation' had on college students' psychological capital, and how emotion regulation had done its work in the process. According to documents research and empirical study, 'healing animation' is positively affecting the psychological capital of college students through the medium -- emotion regulation. Finally, this thesis provided a practical layout to accumulate college students' psychological capital, and theoretical reference for 'healing animation' as well.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.23
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• pp.10355-10361
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• 2015

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules found in multicellular eukaryotes which are implicated in development of cancer, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Expression is controlled by transcription factors (TFs) that bind to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow (or transcription) of genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA. Interactions result in biological signal control networks. Materials and Methods: Molecular components involved in cSCC were here assembled at abnormally expressed, related and global levels. Networks at these three levels were constructed with corresponding biological factors in term of interactions between miRNAs and target genes, TFs and miRNAs, and host genes and miRNAs. Up/down regulation or mutation of the factors were considered in the context of the regulation and significant patterns were extracted. Results: Participants of the networks were evaluated based on their expression and regulation of other factors. Sub-networks with two core TFs, TP53 and EIF2C2, as the centers are identified. These share self-adapt feedback regulation in which a mutual restraint exists. Up or down regulation of certain genes and miRNAs are discussed. Some, for example the expression of MMP13, were in line with expectation while others, including FGFR3, need further investigation of their unexpected behavior. Conclusions: The present research suggests that dozens of components, miRNAs, TFs, target genes and host genes included, unite as networks through their regulation to function systematically in human cSCC. Networks built under the currently available sources provide critical signal controlling pathways and frequent patterns. Inappropriate controlling signal flow from abnormal expression of key TFs may push the system into an incontrollable situation and therefore contributes to cSCC development.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.112-124
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• 2014

This study aimed to develop a regulation system for off-label drug use to secure the safe use of marketed drugs. We searched governmental documents for national and global regulating systems of off-label drug uses and a body of academic literature to explore current regulating trends. We included European Union, United Kingdom, United States of America, Australia and Japan, and critically reviewed the regulation of off-label drug use in four issues, which were a regulatory structure, safety control before and after off-label use, and information management. The findings of the present investigation called for several measures in off-label drug uses: enhancing prescribers' self-regulation, providing up-to-date information to prescribers for evidence-based practice and to patients for their informed consent, making evidence with scientific rigor, building an official registering process for off-label use in good quality and extending the role of pharmaceutical industry in pharmacovigilance. At last, we proposed a new system so as to regulate and evaluate off-label drug uses both at national and institutional level. In the new system, we suggested a clear-cut definition for clinical evidence that applicants would submit. We newly introduced an official 'Off-Label Drug Use Report' to evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of a given off-label drug use. In addition, we developed an algorism of the regulation of off-label drug use within an institution to help set up the culture of evidence-based practices in off-label drug uses.