• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.1297-1304
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• 2007

We conducted a series of investigations in order to elucidate role of nutritional status in regulating GLUT expression and energy metabolism in porcine muscle. Firstly, the role of mild undernutrition in regulating muscle GLUT gene expression and function was studied in growing pigs (3 wk of age) on a high (H) or low (L) food intake (H = 2L) at $35^{\circ}C$ or $26^{\circ}C$. Low food intake selectively upregulates GLUT1 and GLUT4 gene expression; mRNA levels were elevated in longissimus dorsi (L. dorsi) and rhomboideus muscles but not in diaphragm or cardiac muscles. Our next step was to determine whether dietary lysine, a major primary limiting amino acid in diets for pigs, affects muscle GLUT4 expression. Pigs of 6 wk of age were pair-fed a control or low lysine (LL) diet. The control diet contained optimal amounts of all essential amino acids, including 1.15% lysine. The LL diet was similar but contained only 0.70% lysine. GLUT4 mRNA expression was upregulated by the LL diet in L. dorsi and rhomboideus muscles, whereas that in cardiac muscle was unaffected. GLUT4 protein abundance was also higher in rhomboideus muscle of animals on the LL diet. We conducted another investigation in order to elucidate effects of the LL diet on post-GLUT4 glucose metabolism. Activity of hexokinase was unaffected by dietary lysine levels while that of citrate synthase was higher both in L. dorsi and rhomboideus muscles of pigs fed on the LL diet. Glucose 6-phosphate content was higher in L. dorsi msucle in the LL group. Glycogen content was higher both in L. dorsi and rhomboideus muscles in the LL group. Further, we determined the effects of dietary lysine levels on accumulation of intramuscular fat (IMF) in L. dorsi muscle of finishing pigs. A low lysine diet (lysine content was 0.40%) meeting approximately 70% of the requirement of lysine was given to finishing pigs for two months. IMF contents in L. dorsi of the pigs given the low lysine diet were twice higher than those of the pigs fed on a control diet (lysine content was 0.65%). Finally, we proved that a well known effect of breadcrumbs feeding to enhance IMF of finishing pigs could be attributed to shortage of amino acids in diets including breadcrumbs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.111-123
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• 2020

It is very important to ensure usability and inclusion in product design and development. Exclusion Calculation, developed by Simon Keates and P. John Clarkson at Cambridge University's Engineering Design Center, assesses the usability and inclusiveness of the product. In context of inadequate research on effectiveness of Exclusion Calculation, this study carried out the experimental evaluation of electric iron and discussed the effectiveness of the Exclusion Calculation from usefulness, accuracy of its evaluation results and the intuitiveness of the evaluation items. 11 designers used Exclusion Calculation in product evaluation and estimated the intuitiveness of 14 evaluation items in Exclusion Calculation by questionnaire. Then usefulness of the evaluation results was discussed and the accuracy of the evaluation results was analyzed by standard deviation. From the evaluation results, the research found that Exclusion Calculation could help designers identify the usability problems and the generality of usability problems related to the physical characteristics of the products, but it can not find the problems from logical aspect of using. In addition, the ambiguity of the evaluation scale in Exclusion Calculation leads to lower accuracy of the evaluation results. Most of evaluation items in Exclusion Calculation were easy to be identified and judged, while evaluation items related to cognitive abilities are less intuitive.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 1991

An anatomic radiolucency called medial sigmoid depression can be observed on a number of panoramic and mandibular oblique lateral views in the ramus just below and anterior to the mandibular sigmoid notch. The radiolucency may be unilateral or bilateral. Seventy-eight mandibles of dry skulls were visually examined and radiographed by panoramic machine. The observable incidence, the location center, and the mean size of the medial sigmoid depression were studied. Additionally, the radiographic incidence of the depression was determined using 500 panoramic radiographs. Normal anatomic radiolucent areas in the jaws are encountered often in the radiographs taken for the usual dental practice purpose. Some of these radiolucencies can be misdiagnosed as pathologic entities. But in most cases, the size, location, and appearance of the radiolucent area, and the presence or absence of symptoms can lead one to the correct diagnosis before surgery is undertaken. And this can be secured if diagnosticians are aware of the common and varied appearances of the normal anatomic radiolucencies A depression in the ramus just below and slightly anterior to the most inferior aspect of mandibular sigmoid notch shows occasionally foramen-like or notch-like radiolucency on some panoramic and oblique lateral views. This radiolucency was named medial sigmoid depression by Langlais et a1. in 1983. Since there're no reports about this medial sigmoid depression after that, (The author retrieved the Mediline from 1983 to 1990: Cambridge scientific abstracts, (7200 Wisconsin Ave Bethesda MD 20814 U.S.A.) National Library of Medicine) the author studied the size and the location of the depression of the mandible specimens, and determined the relationship between the observable anatomic incidence and its reproducibility on the radiographs.

• International Journal of Vascular Biomedical Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.19-24
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• 2006

Background: Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is inversely related to the distensibility of an arterial wall, offers a simple and potentially useful approach for an evaluation of cardiovascular diseases. In spite of the clinical importance and widespread use of PWV, there exist no standard either for pulse sensors or for system requirements for accurate pulse wave measurement. Objective of this study was to assess the reproducibility of PWV values using a newly developed PWV measurement system in healthy subjects prior to a large-scale clinical study. Methods: System used for the study was the PP-1000 (Hanbyul Meditech Co., Korea), which provides regional PWV values based on the measurements of electrocardiography (ECG), phonocardiography (PCG), and pulse waves from four different sites of arteries (carotid, femoral, radial, and dorsalis pedis) simultaneously. Seventeen healthy male subjects with a mean age of 33 years (ranges 22 to 52 years) without any cardiovascular disease were participated for the experiment. Two observers (observer A and B) performed two consecutive measurements from the same subject in a random order. For an evaluation of system reproducibility, two analyses (within-observer and between-observer) were performed, and expressed in terms of mean difference ${\pm}2SD$, as described by Bland and Altman plots. Results: Mean and SD of PWVs for aorta, arm, and leg were $7.07{\pm}1.48m/sec,\;8.43{\pm}1.14m/sec,\;and\;8.09{\pm}0.98m/sec$ measured from observer A and $6.76{\pm}1.00m/sec,\;7.97{\pm}0.80m/sec,\;and\;\7.97{\pm}0.72m/sec$ from observer B, respectively. Between-observer differences ($mean{\pm}2SD$) for aorta, arm, and leg were $0.14{\pm\}0.62m/sec,\;0.18{\pm\}0.84m/sec,\;and\;0.07{\pm}0.86m/sec$, and the correlation coefficients were high especially 0.93 for aortic PWV. Within-observer differences ($mean{\pm}2SD$) for aorta, arm, and leg were $0.01{\pm}0.26m/sec,\;0.02{\pm}0.26m/sec,\;and\;0.08{\pm}0.32m/sec$ from observer A and $0.01{\pm}0.24m/sec,\;0.04{\pm}0.28m/sec,\;and\;0.01{\pm}0.20m/sec$ from observer B, respectively. All the measurements showed significantly high correlation coefficients ranges from 0.94 to 0.99. Conclusion: PWV measurement system used for the study offers comfortable and simple operation and provides accurate analysis results with high reproducibility. Since the reproducibility of the measurement is critical for the diagnosis in clinical use, it is necessary to provide an accurate algorithm for the detection of additional features such as flow wave, reflection wave, and dicrotic notch from a pulse waveform. This study will be extended for the comparison of PWV values from patients with various vascular risks for clinical application. Data acquired from the study could be used for the determination of the appropriate sample size for further studies relating various types of arteriosclerosis-related vascular disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.1 s.246
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

It has been known that pulsatile flow is physiologic and more favorable to tissue perfusion than nonpulsatile flow. The purpose of this study is to directly compare the effect of pulsatile versus nonpulsatile blood flow to renal tissue perfusion in extracorporeal circulation by using a tissue perfusion measurement system. Material and Method: Total cardiopulmonary bypass circuit was constructed to twelve Yorkshire swines, weighing 20$\~ $30 kg. Animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (n=6, non pulsatile centrifugal pump) or group 2 (n=6, pulsatile T-PLS pump). A probe of the tissue perfusion measurement system $(QFlow^{TM}-500)$ was inserted into the renal pa­renchymal tissue. Extracorporeal circulation was maintained for an hour at a pump flow of 2 L/min after aortic cross-clamping. Tissue perfusion flow of the kidney was measured at baseline (before bypass) and every 10 minutes after bypass. Serologic parameters were collected at baseline and 60 minutes after bypass. Result: Baseline parameters were not different between the groups. Renal tissue perfusion flow was substantially higher in the pulsatile group throughout the bypass (ranged 48.5$\~$ 64 in group 1 vs. 65.8$\~$88.3 mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026$\~$ 0.45) The difference was significant at 30 minutes bypass $(47.5{\pm}18.3\;in\;group\;1\;vs.\;83.4{\pm}28.5$ mL/min/100 g in group 2, p=0.026). Serologic parameters including plasma free hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine showed no differences between the groups at 60 minutes after bypass (p=NS). Conclusion: Pulsatile flow is more beneficial to tissue perfusion of the kidney in short-term extracorporeal circulation. Further study is suggested to observe the effects to other vital organs or long-term significance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.259-265
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of different sizes of $\beta$-TCP/ HA particles on vertical bone augmentation using titanium mesh in the cranium of rabbits. Materials and methods: Six white rabbits weighing 5kg were used. Four circular grooves of 6mm diameter were made by trephine, and five small holes were drilled in the inner surface of each circular gooves. Different sizes of grafts (small 0.3 - 0.5 mm, medium 0.5 - 1.0, large 1.0 - 2.0 mm) were placed respectively in the experimental groups. Titanium mesh (height 3 mm, width 6 mm) was placed. After 8weeks healing period, the rabbits were euthanized, and the specimens were prepared for histological findings. New bone formation and remaining graft area were measured to calculate the ratio of areas occupying the inner space of titanium mesh. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed rank-test were used for statistical analysis ($\alpha$ = .05). Results: The experimental groups with $\beta$-TCP/HA graft showed a significantly higher new bone formation (P = .003). Comparing different sizes of $\beta$-TCP/HA, there was no statistical difference in terms of new bone formation. The vertical bone formation (i.e. new bone and graft area) was significantly greater in $\beta$-TCP/HA groups (P = .001). In comparison between different sizes of $\beta$-TCP/HA, medium size group had significantly greater area than large particle size group (P = .039). Conclusion: The use of $\beta$-TCP/HA with titanium mesh showed a higher vertical bone formation, particularly the medium sized $\beta$-TCP/HA particles (0.5 - 1.0 mm) produced better results in vertical bone augmentation.