• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.208-218
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• 2017

This study was to investigate factors and disclose causal model of the scientific literacy competency about the motivation for science and the scientific literacy competency. The 3 grade university students and the 1 grade university students as pre-service elementary teachers were participated to questionnaire investigation. The data were analyzed by the factor analysis method and the structural equation model method, and the following results were obtained. First, the 3 grade university students and the 1 grade university students perceived the science interest factors and science usefulness factors as the motivation for science, and also revealed the scientific problem recognition factor and the scientific evidence use factor as the scientific literacy competency. Second, the science interest factor had a greater effect on the scientific problem recognition factor than the scientific evidence use factor in both the 3 grade and 1 grade university students. In the path from the science usefulness factor to the scientific problem recognition factor, the science usefulness factor of the 3 grade university students had a greater influence on the direct route to the scientific problem recognition factor than that of the 1 grade university students. In the path from the science usefulness factor to the scientific evidence use factor, the science usefulness factor of the 1 grade university students influenced more on the direct route to the scientific evidence use factor than that of the 3 grade university students.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Factors and causal structures of pre-service elementary teachers about the critical thinking and the scientific literacy competency were investigated in this study. The third grade university students and the first grade university students in the metropolitan city participated in this study. The factor analysis method and the structural equation modeling method were used for the data analysis, and the following results were obtained. First, the third grade university students and the first grade university students recognized 'inquisitive thinking' factor and 'reflective thinking' factor as factors of the critical thinking, and 'scientific explanation' factor and 'evidence-based conclusion' factor as factors of the scientific literacy competency respectively. Second, the third grade university students showed more the influence from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'scientific explanation' factor and from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'evidence-based conclusion' factor than the first grade university students.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between each type of attitudes toward money and the attributes of choosing family restaurants. A self-administrated questionnaire was completed by 387 students, and data were analysed by frequency, factor, reliability and canonical correlation. Seven factors were obtained from factor analysis of attitudes toward money; Factor 1 "power", Factor 2 "obsession", Factor 3 "retention", Factor 4 "achievement", Factor 5 "anxiety", Factor 6 "distrust", and Factor7 "evaluation". The attributes of family restaurant choice were extracted into six factors: Factor 1 "quality of food", Factor 2 "restaurant event", Factor 3 "interior environment", Factor 4 "value of food", Factor 5 "convenience for approach", and Factor 6 "employees' service". Canonical correlation analysis showed three significant functions. Canonical function 1 showed that the attitudes of considering the power of money, its retention and achievement were indicated to have significantly positive relationships with the quality of food in the attributes of choosing family restaurants. Canonical function 2 showed that significantly negative relationships between distrust and restaurant events and convenience for approach. Canonical function 3 also showed that significantly positive relationships between obsession and anxiety and the interior of restaurants and employees' service, and significantly negative relationships between evaluation and the interior of restaurants and employees' service.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.233-239
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• 1997

A mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T) established as a model for lactation was utilized to identify and characterize effects of various hormones upon insulin-like growth factor binding protein secretion. Ligand and immunoblot analyses of conditioned media indicated that insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 was secreted by MAC-T cells. Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulated insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion in a dose-dependent manner, but prolactin and bovine somatotropin did not alter insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. Insulin increased and cortisol decreased insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion support previous studies using primary cultures of bovine mammary cells and bovine fibroblasts. Effects of cortisol and insulin on insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion may be explained by changes in protein synthesis. In addition, supraphysiological doses of insulin can cross-react with the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor and stimulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 secretion. MAC-T cells provide a model system to study mechanisms that regulate local insulin-like growth factor-I bioactivity.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2010

Objectives : The study was performed to evaluate a traditional Korean Medicine content in drama "Daejanggeum". Methods : One hundred sixty-nine participants in Taiwan responded to the survey with 10 items, regarding components of success of drama "Daejanggeum". Principal component factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to identify the possible factors to satisfaction with watching drama "Daejanggeum". Results : Factor analysis revealed that dramatic factor(44.8%), content factor(12.3%), and cultural factor(11.3%) were the most important factors to success of drama "Daejanggeum". Multiple regression analysis showed that dramatic factor(beta = .342), content factor(beta = .278), and cultural factor(beta = .131) were associated with the satisfaction with watching drama "Daejanggeum"($R^2$ = .394, with F = 32.280, p<.001). Conclusions : This study demonstrated that dramatic factor, content factor, and cultural factor are the most important factors associated with satisfaction with drama "Daejanggeum" in Taiwan. These findings suggest that a traditional Korean Medicine as a content factor would be very influential in enhancing the possibility of success of drama.

• Structural Monitoring and Maintenance
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.219-234
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• 2024

The strength reduction factor spectrum is traditionally obtained from a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system with a constant damping coefficient. However, according to the principle of Rayleigh damping, the damping coefficient matrix of a system changes with the stiffness matrix, and the damping coefficient of an equivalent SDOF system changes with the tangent stiffness coefficient. In view of that, this study proposes an equivalent SDOF system with an adaptive damping coefficient and derives a standardized reaction balance equation. By iteratively adjusting the strength reduction factor, the corresponding spectrum with an equivalent ductility factor is obtained. In addition, the ratio between the strength reduction factor that considers adaptive damping and the traditional strength reduction factor, denoted by η, is determined, and the η-μ-T relationship is obtained. Seismic records of Classes C, D, and E sites are selected as excitations. Moreover, a nonlinear response time-history analysis is performed to establish the relationship between the η and T values for the equivalent ductility factor μ. Further, by exploring the effects of the site class, ductility factor, second-order stiffness coefficient, and period T on the mean value of η, a simplified calculation equation of mean η is derived, and η is used as a modified value for the traditional strength reduction factor R spectrum.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

The objective of this research were to investigate the evaluative criteria and sub-factor in terms of food preparation and eating for the housewives and cooks in Ulsan Metropolitan City. 217 full-time housewives and 129 cooks were surveyed for this research. The cooks evaluated preference, cooking time, taste, food color, food temperature more important than the housewives. The evaluative criteria in food preparation and eating was consisted of 4 factors; the eating atmosphere factor, the preference factor, the quality factor and the table setting factor. There was a significant mean difference of the eating atmosphere factor between men and women. There was a significant mean difference of the preference factor between marital status, age, Engel Coefficient, educational level and occupation. The quality factor was varied from sex, marital status and occupation.

• 대한한의진단학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.34-44
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• 2009

Background : Currently, as a method of standardization of prescription, questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang[補中益氣湯] was developed, and which is a Objectives : The purpose of this thesis is to testify whether differentiation of Lao Juan Shang[勞倦傷] etiology is relative to mobility of gastric smooth muscle. Methods : The subjects(20 to 65 years old; 14 males, 46 females) were isolated from drinking alcohols for 24 hours before the experiment, and fasted for 8 hours, and measured for electrogastrography(EGG) and they filled out Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang. Results : 1. Six factors from the factor analysis of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi -Tang were named and classified as Spleen-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [脾虛] (factor 1), Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [肺虛] (factor 2), Working factor [習慣] (factor 3), Yin-Fire factor [陰火] (factor 4), Jung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [中氣虛] (factor 5), and Stomach-Qi deficiency syndrome factor [胃虛] (factor 6). 2. As for the reliability of Questionnaire for Buzhongyiqi-Tang, we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.772 for the mean of the item-total. 3. Lung-Qi deficiency syndrome factor(factor2) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.312, p<0.05). 4. Working factor(factor3) had significant correlation with Bradygastria Time (r=-0.329, p<0.05). 5. Yin-Fire factor(factor4) had significant correlation with Power Ratio (r=-0.328, p<0.05). Conclusions : It is shown that Bradygastria Time and Power Ratio tended to decrease against postprandial DP increased and postprandial frequency decreased in normal case.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.249-266
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• 2001

Current seismic design provisions allow structures to deform into inelastic range during design level earthquakes since the chance to meet such event is quite rare. For this purpose, design base shear is defined in current seismic design provisions as the value of elastic seismic shear force divided by strength reduction factor, R (${\geq}1$). Strength reduction factor generally consists of four different factors, which can account for ductility capacity, overstrength, damping, and redundancy inherent in structures respectively. In this study, R factor is assumed to account for only the ductility rather than overstrength, damping, and redundancy. The R factor considering ductility is called "ductility factor" ($R_{\mu}$). This study proposes ductility factor with correction factor, C, which can account for dynamic P-${\Delta}$ effect. Correction factor, C is established as the functional form since it requires computational efforts and time for calculating this factor. From the statistical study using the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis for 40 earthquake ground motions (EQGM) it is shown that the dependence of C factor on structural period is weak, whereas C factor is strongly dependant on the change of ductility ratio and stability coefficient. To propose the functional form of C factor statistical study is carried out using 79,920 nonlinear dynamic analysis results for different combination of parameters and 40 EQGM.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.226-235
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the Adolescent Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI-A) in a standardized adolescent sample using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods : For this purpose, three models about factor structure of the PAI-A were explored with EFA in 490 adolescents and then were evaluated with CFA in 268 young offenders. Results : The results showed that the five factor model was considered to be most appropriate for factor structures of the PAI-A in EFA. However, none of the factor models were appropriate for the factor structures of the PAI-A in CFA. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the "five factor model" is thought to explain the PAI-A the best, but further studies are needed.