• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 2008

This study was to assess the lifetime cancer and non-cancer risk of exposure of worker and user at public facilities in Korea to volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We measured the concentrations of two aldehydes and five VOCs in indoor air at 424 public buildings that 8 kinds of public facilities (70 movie theaters, 86 offices, 86 restaurants, 70 academies, 22 auditoriums, 30 PC-rooms, 30 singing-rooms and 30 bars) all over the country. There were estimated the human exposure dose and risks with averages of the using-time and frequency for facility users and office workers, respectively. Carcinogens (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene) were estimated the lifetime excess cancer risks (ECRs). non-carcinogens (toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene) were estimated the hazard quotients (HQs). The average ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene for facility worker and user were $1{\times}10^{-3}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-4}\;and\;1{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}1{\times}10^{-5}$ level, respectively, in all facilities. HQs of four non-carcinogens did not exceed 1.0 for all subjects in all facilities. The estimated ECRs for restaurant and auditorium were the highest, and the PC-room and bar were the next higher facilities. Furthermore, people in a smoking facility had the highest cancer risk. Higher ECRs of formaldehyde and benzene were observed in indoor smoking facilities such as restaurant and auditorium. Higher HQs of toluene and xylene were observed at the restaurant and office building.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

Purpose: Grafting new hanok-style application technology on child daycare facility among public buildings can be an alternative that provides infant facility, which is placed at the center of social attention and interest, with pleasant nursing environment. Besides, it is expected to have a great impact on infants' and young children's emotion by helping them recognize traditional culture at early stage and furthermore can be used for villagers to experience differentiated traditional culture. Method: To investigate the recent construction of HeungCheon/SuRak/GeumGwa's Hanok child daycare facility recognizing for architectural planning characteristics in common tendency Hanok that presents a physical improvement plan for preparing the continued competitiveness. Also attention to the creative expression of the traditional spaces about the natural environment are implemented in Nurseries and we propose the possibilities that can be realized in the future Hanok child daycare facility. Result: The combination of modern materials and modern construction technology of New-hanok method with improved ability has improved the shortcomings of traditional architecture and increase the ease and safety of traditional architecture succeed the suggest direction of improvement modern society. Therefore, Hanok child daycare facility is preparing adequate capability to solve regional polarization and social care issues.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.279-286
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• 2013

This paper introduces a new method for identification of building energy performance problems. The presented method is based on automated analysis and visualization of deviations between actual and expected energy performance of the building using EPAR (Energy Performance Augmented Reality) models. For generating EPAR models, during building inspections, energy auditors collect a large number of digital and thermal imagery using a consumer-level single thermal camera that has a built-in digital lens. Based on a pipeline of image-based 3D reconstruction algorithms built on GPU and multi-core CPU architecture, 3D geometrical and thermal point cloud models of the building under inspection are automatically generated and integrated. Then, the resulting actual 3D spatio-thermal model and the expected energy performance model simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis are superimposed within an augmented reality environment. Based on the resulting EPAR models which jointly visualize the actual and expected energy performance of the building under inspection, two new algorithms are introduced for quick and reliable identification of potential performance problems: 1) 3D thermal mesh modeling using k-d trees and nearest neighbor searching to automate calculation of temperature deviations; and 2) automated visualization of performance deviations using a metaphor based on traffic light colors. The proposed EPAR v2.0 modeling method is validated on several interior locations of a residential building and an instructional facility. Our empirical observations show that the automated energy performance analysis using EPAR models enables performance deviations to be rapidly and accurately identified. The visualization of performance deviations in 3D enables auditors to easily identify potential building performance problems. Rather than manually analyzing thermal imagery, auditors can focus on other important tasks such as evaluating possible remedial alternatives.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.73-82
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• 2013

In recent years, according to the increase of interests in indoor space, various researches are being carried out for the construction and services of indoor spatial information. BIM data is very useful to build indoor spatial information. Accordingly, many studies for the use of BIM data on GIS part are in progress. In order to take advantage of BIM data on GIS part, the conversion technology for building indoor data and visualization techniques are required. However, most of the previous researches are focused on the conversion technology to construct indoor spatial information by importing BIM data into GIS applications while there is few research on visualization. In this study, an indoor LOD(Level of Detail) model is proposed to apply to on indoor facility management system when indoor data was constructed based on BIM data for the linkage between BIM and GIS.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2020

Rock drop obstacles on major roads in the border area in South Korea has been installed and operated to prevent and block the movement of enemy units. However, the increase in traffic volume due to the development of the border region causes many problems such as road traffic congestion due to rock drop, traffic safety, and impaired urban aesthetics. Therefore, this study aimed to provide guidelines for demolition and replacement facility installation for rock drop obstacles, which are differently applied to each unit, and to suggest the direction of the Ministry of National Defense's policy regarding maintenance cost for necessary rock drop obstacles required for operation. In this study, as part of a guideline study on the removal of rock drop obstacles and the installation of alternative facilities, a standard unit price was suggested for essential rock drop obstacles, so as to be used as judgment data when deciding whether to remove rock drop obstacles.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.290-299
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• 2013

This study is to present an improvement of security for the National Assembly by survey of persons who use the National Assembly facilities. Most of respondent said that their security consciousness level is above average, and they know National Assembly building is National Major Facility First class but they did not know well what the Major Facility First class is. Many of respondents thought security design of National Assembly building is inadequate, so reinforcement of access control management is necessary. For reinforcement of access control management, security gate and preparing of some obstacles are required. They said that they could put up with inconveniences incurred as a result of reinforcement of access control management, that could be affected positively for the reinforcement. The recognition on the necessity of security education is high, but there is no proper security education program. For practical security education, contents and different method followed by different facilities user should be considered.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

From the viewpoint of fire-fighting activities, public building have structural and management problems in fire, so evacuation disturbance and risk of expanding combustion are high. As a result of analyzing various fire fragile factors of public building, The evaluation areas were derived from safety systems, fire-fighting facility, structure safety, general safety and the evaluation factors were presented. Also, the characteristics of domestic and foreign certification systems were analyzed by comparing and analyzing the status of fire safety performance certification system for 6 domestic and overseas apartment houses. In conclusion, the 5 convergence directions of certification system and 22 evaluation items by 4 evaluation fields were derived, and based on this, we have established 3 convergence introduction plans of fire safety performance certification system of public building.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.7-11
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• 2015

The luffing-tower crane (T/C) is a key facility used in the vertical and horizontal transportation of materials in a tall building construction. Locating the crane in an optimal position is an essential task in the initial stages of construction planning. This paper proposes a new optimization model to locate the luffing T/C in the optimal position to minimize the transportation time. A newly developed mathematical formula is suggested to calculate the transportation time of luffing T/C correctly. An optimization algorithm, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, was used and the results show that HS has high performance characteristics to solve the optimization problem in a short period of time. In a case study, the proposed model offered a better position for T/C than the previous heuristic approach.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.420-424
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• 2015

The luffing-tower crane (T/C) is a key facility used in the vertical and horizontal transportation of materials in a tall building construction. Locating the crane in an optimal position is an essential task in the initial stages of construction planning. This paper proposes a new optimization model to locate the luffing T/C in the optimal position to minimize the transportation time. An optimization algorithm, the Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, was used and the results show that HS has high performance characteristics to solve the optimization problem in a short period of time. In a case study, the proposed model offered a better position for T/C than the previous heuristic approach.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.50-59
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• 2020

The 21st century is witnessing a rapid growth of tall buildings in urban centers globally to create more urban space for an anticipated urban population. Tall buildings, however suffer from incessant delays and sometimes total abandonment. Consequently, this study investigated and ranked the causes of delay in tall building projects, while focusing on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. Initially, 36 common delay causes investigated globally were categorized into 9 groups, and then further ranked utilizing the Relative Importance Index (RII) through a questionnaire survey. Tall building professionals in the GCC countries (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman and Qatar) were contacted. The respondents' categories include Consultants, Contractors, and Clients' Representatives/Facility Managers. The results reveal that the top three causes include "client's cash flow problems/delays in contractor's payment", "contractor's financial difficulties", and "poor site organization and coordination between various parties". The findings from this study could help construction professionals develop guidelines and controls for delay mitigation, as well as support them in risk-based decision making in the planning of tall building projects.