• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.14-32
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• 2022

Underwater photographing and image recording are essential for pre-excavation survey and during excavation in underwater archaeology. Unlike photographing on land, all underwater images suffer various quality degradations such as shape distortions, color shift, blur, low contrast, high noise levels and so on. Outcome is very often heavily photographing equipment and photographer dependent. Excavation schedule, weather conditions, and water conditions can put burdens on divers. Usable images are very limited compared to the efforts. In underwater archaeological study in very turbid water such as in the Yellow Sea (between mainland China and the Korean peninsula), underwater photographing is very challenging. In this study, off-site image distortion and color compensation techniques using an image processing/analysis software is investigated as an alternative image quality enhancement method. As sample images, photographs taken during the excavation of 800-year-old Taean Mado Shipwrecks in the Yellow Sea in 2008-2010 were mainly used. Significant enhancement in distortion and color compensation of archived images were obtained by simple post image processing using image processing/analysis software (PicMan) customized for given view ports, lenses and cameras with and without optical axis offsets. Post image processing is found to be very effective in distortion and color compensation of both recent and archived images from various photographing equipment models and configurations. Merits and demerit of in-situ, distortion and color compensated photographing with sophisticated equipment and conventional photographing equipment, which requires post image processing, are compared.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.335-339
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• 2005

The underwater positioning system is important in interpreting data that are acquired from towing vehicles such as the deep-sea camera (DSC) system. Currently, several acoustic positioning systems such as long baseline (LBL), short baseline (SBL), and ultra short baseline (USBL), are used for underwater positioning. The accurate position of DSC, however, could not be determined in a R/V Onnuri unequipped with any of these underwater positioning systems. As an alternative, the DSC position was estimated based on the topography of towing track and cable length in the cruises before 1999. The great uncertainties, however, were found in the areas of flat bottom topography. In the 2003 and 2004 cruises these uncertainties were reduced by calculating the position of DSC with the cable length and seafloor depth below the vessel. The Japanese cruises for Mn-nodule used a similar estimation method for the DSC positioning system with a CTD sensor. Although the latter can provide better information for the position of DSC, the USBL underwater positioning system is strongly recommended for establishing better positioning of DSC and other towing devices.

• 지구물리
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2000

수중 SASW 실험에서 얻은 표면파의 실험분산곡선으로부터 지반의 강성을 추정하기 위한 역해석 과정에서 적용할 수 있는 파동해석기법인 로드해석법(2차원 해석법)과 변위해석법(3차원 해석법)의 적용성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 지반의 강성이 깊이에 따라 점진적으로 증가하고 지반 강성이 비교적 낮아 그 압축파 속도가 물의 압축파 속도보다 느린 경우에 대해서는 고유치 해석법을 적용할 수 있었다. 그러나 지반의 강성이 크거나 깊이에 따른 지반강설의 변화가 역전되는 경우에는 고차모트의 영향이나 고유치가 복소수가 되는 등의 문제가 발생하게 되므로 고유치 해석법으로 적절한 이론분산곡선을 얻을 수 없는 경우가 많고, 이 경우에는 변위해석법을 적용하여야 한다는 결론을 얻었다. 한편 수중 SASW 현장실험으로부터 얻은 결과를 제안된 변위해석법을 이용하여 분석한 결과 지반의 강성주상을 적절하게 추정한 수 있어 수중 SASW 실험의 현장 적용성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

잡는 어업에서 기르는 어업으로 전환하는 수산정책 과정에서 바다목장사업은 바다목장을 설치한 해역에서 육상에서 식이음으로 순치시킨 치어를 방류하여 사료투입시, 또는 성장한 어류들을 모이게 하는 수단으로 순치음을 해양에 방사하기 위해서는 수중 스피커의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 수중에서 어류의 발생음과 인공적으로 음을 방성했을 때 어류반응에 대한 연구문헌을 조사하였다. 그 결과, 민감하게 반응하는 주파수는 $150Hz\~2kHz$이고 음압레벨은 $100dB\~150dB$ ($1{{\mu}$ Pa를 0dB)로 조사되었다. 따라서 수중 스피커 설계 제작시 주파수대역과 출력레벨의 사양은 $150Hz\~3kHz,\;100dB\~145dB$로 설정하였다. 그리고 설계사양 등가회로에 의한 전기임피던스 곡선과 반공진주파수를 등가회로법으로 구하고 수중 스피커를 제작하였다. 설계 제작된 수중 스피커를 수압탱크에서 안정성 평가와 최저 사용 주파수 범위를 결정하는 전기임피던스 특성실험을 실시하였으며 수심 10m에서 수중 스피커를 설치하여 해상실험을 한 결과를 정리하고, 제반 음향특성의 실험결과를 기술하였다.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제23권1E호
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• pp.31-39
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• 2004

Backscattered underwater signals from multiple scatterers contain information regarding resolvable spatial distribution of scatterers. This experimental study describes the spectral characteristics of backscattered signal from multiple scatterers, which are regularly or randomly spaced, in terms of their amplitude and phase and a proper signal analysis that will eventually provide scatterer spacing estimation. Air-filled tubes suspended in water, steel balls and plastic tubes buried in the sediment are the multiple scatterers. The cepstrum and the spectral autocorrelation (SAC) methods were used to estimate the scatterer spacing from the backscattered signals. It was found that the SAC method could be improved by employing singular value decomposition (SVD) to extract the effective rank for the spectral components. Unlike the conventional method of estimating the density of scatterers within the insonified volume of water, this type of estimation method would provide better understanding of the spatial distribution of scatterers in the ocean.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.683-688
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• 2001

In case of constructing the concrete structures under seawater environment, the concrete suffers from deterioration due to penetration of various ions such as chloride, sulfate and magnesium in seawater. Tn the present study, Immersion tests with artificial seawater were carried out to investigate the resistance to seawater attack of antiwashout underwater concrete. From the results of compressive strength, it was found that blended cement concrete due to mineral admixtures such as fly ash(FA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag(SGC), were superior to ordinary portland cement concrete with respect to the resistance to seawater attack. Moreover, XRD analysis indicated that the formed reactants of ordinary portland cement paste by sulfate and magnesium ions led to the deterioration of concrete. As expected, however, the blended cements with FA or SGC have a good resistance to seawater attack. This paper would discuss the mechanism of seawater deterioration and benefical effects of antiwashout underwater concretes with mineral admixtures.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2011

This study presents a nondestructive test for underwater PVC pipes. To use guided ultrasonic waves, specially denoted by cylindrical Lamb waves, a test setup was made in a water tank using the pitch and catch mode and specimens were made to give artificial cutouts located in the circumferential direction of the pipes. Total three states of damaged levels were considered to see how the guided waves interact with the defects. For the experimental adjustments, three different pipe diameters (60, 90, 114 mm) were tested, and two factors - incident angle (10 and $40^{\circ}$) and distance (50 and 200 mm) - were tried. From the results, regardless of the diameters and two experimental factors, it is shown that the degrees of defects were recognized through amplitude and arrived time of the very first part of the received cylindrical Lamb waves. Between amplitude and arrived time, it is found that the amplitude gives more sensitive results.

• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2012

This paper presents an improved guidance algorithm for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) in 3D space for generating smoother vehicle turn during the course change at the way-points. The way-point guidance by the line-of-sight (LOS) method has been modified for correcting the reference angles to achieve minimal calculation and smoother transition at the way-points. The algorithm has two phases in which the first phase brings the vehicle to converge to a distance threshold point on the line segment connecting the first two way-points and the next phase generates an angular path with smoother transition at the way-points. Then the desired angles are calculated from the reference and correction angles. The path points are regularly parameterized in the spherical coordinates and mapped to the Cartesian coordinates. The proposed algorithm is found to be simple and can be used for real time implementation. The details of the algorithm and simulation results are presented.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.475-476
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 수중 구조물에 부착된 해양생물의 개체 수를 측정하는 방법을 제안한다. 이 방법은 수중에서 촬영한 디지털 영상을 기반으로 해양생물의 개체 수를 측정하는 것이다. 정확한 개체 수 측정을 위해 수중 영상의 화질을 개선한 후 개체 수를 측정하였다. 개체 수 측정하기 위해 영상 내의 Maxima 값을 찾는 방법을 사용하였다.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.625-634
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• 2013

Energy is a direct restriction to the working life of an underwater mooring platform (UMP). In this paper, a vertical axis water turbine (VAWT) is designed to supply energy for UMPs. The VAWT has several controlled blades, which can be opened or closed by inside plunger pumps. Two-dimensional transient numerical studies are presented to determine the operating performance and power output of the turbine under low ocean current velocity. A standard k-${\varepsilon}$ turbulence model is used to perform the transient simulations. The influence of structural parameters, including foil section profile, foil chord length and rotor diameter, on the turbine performance are investigated over a range of tip-speed-ratios (TSRs). It was found that turbine with three unit length NACA0015 foils generated a maximum averaged coefficient of power, 0.1, at TSR = 2.