• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5121-5126
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• 2016

Objective: To investigate the impact of chemotherapy on quality of life (QoL) among breast cancer patients and to evaluate the relationship with age, cancer stage and presence of any comorbidity. Methods: A prospective study was conducted among breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy in Hospital Melaka from 1st January 2014 to 31st July 2014. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) was given to patients to fill in prior chemotherapy (baseline) and after the third cycle of chemotherapy. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: Respondents were 32 female patients [mean age (SD): 49.7(9.93) years]. They reported a significant lower global health status (P < 0.01) and significant higher symptoms of nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01), loss of appetite (P = 0.028) and diarrhea (P = 0.026) after the third cycle of chemotherapy as compared to baseline. Compare to, this study showed significant better emotional functioning (P < 0.01) and social functioning (P < 0.01) than the EORTC QLQ-C30 Reference Values 2008 for breast cancer cases. Under symptom scales higher scores were noted for appetite loss (P = 0.017), nausea and vomiting (P < 0.01). Age, stage and comorbidity had no clear associations with global health status in our patients (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Chemotherapy did reduce the QoL of breast cancer patients. Management of chemotherapy-induced loss of appetite, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting should be improved for a better outcome.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.348-356
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• 1987

산악지(山岳地) 임도설계(林道設計)의 시간(時間)과 인력(人力)을 절약하는 방법의 일환으로 토량(土量)을 간편하게 산출(産出)하는 방법(方法)을 강구하였다. 이 방법(方法)을 적용하는 이론적(理論的) 배경(背景)으로 0선측량법(線測量法)의 도입(導入)과 2/3 절토노폭개념(切土路幅槪念) 및 절토량(切土量) = 성토량(盛土量) 개념도입(槪念導入)의 타당성을 제시하고 이와같은 원리(原理)들을 산악지림도시공(山岳地林道施工)에 적용한다는 전제하에 삼각함수법을 적용하여 토량환산표(土量換算表)를 표(表) 3과 4와 같이 제작하였다. 표(表) 3은 노폭(路幅)을 0.5m 괄약으로 구분(區分)하여 시공지 경사도별로 절토량(切土量)을 추정(推定)한 것이고, 표(表) 4는 현지(現地)에서 절토폭(切土幅)을 측정하여 절토량(切土量)을 산출(算出)하는데 적용하는 환산계수표(換算係數表)이다. 동표(同表) 등을 적용하면 토량계산(土量計算)을 위한 현지측량(現地測量)과 내업시간(內業時間)은 단축시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.507-513
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• 2019

Reinforced soil and Expanded Polystyrenes (EPS) mixture (RSEM) is a geomaterial which has many merits, such as light weight, wide strength range, easy for construction, and economic feasibility. It has been widely applied to improve soft ground, solve bridge head jump, fill cavity in pipeline and widen highway. Reutilizing dredged sediment to produce RSEM as earthfill can not only consume a large amount of waste sediment but also significantly reduce the construction cost. Therefore, there is an urgent need understand the basic stress-strain characteristics of reinforced dredged sediment-EPS mixture (RDSEM). A series of cyclic triaxial tests were then carried out on the RDSEM and control clay. The effects of cement content, EPS beads content and confining pressure on the cyclic stress-strain behaviour of RDSEM were analyzed. It is found that the three stages of dynamic stress-strain relationship of ordinary soil, vibration compaction stage, vibration shear stage and vibration failure stage are also applicative for RDSEM. The cyclic stress-strain curves of RDSEM are lower than that of control clay in the vibration compaction stage because of its high moisture content. The slopes of backbone curves of RDSEMs in the vibration shear stage are larger than that of control clay, indicating that the existence of EPS beads provides plastic resistance. With the increase of cement content, the cyclic stress-strain relationship tends to be steeper. Increasing cement content and confining pressure could improve the cyclic strength and cyclic stiffness of RDSEM.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2021

다수 무인기를 이용한 시스템은 정찰, 네트워킹, 항공 촬영 등 다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있다. 이러한 시스템에서 다수 무인기로 구성된 대형을 형성하고 유지하는 것은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 다수 무인기의 대형을 형성하기 위한 자율화된 분산형 제어를 수행하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제어명령은 근접 무인기 또는 임무 영역으로부터 서로 밀어내는 방향으로 작용하는 2차 시스템 형태의 힘을 고려하였다. 제어명령은 외부의 개입 없이 계측과 통신으로부터 획득되는 상대위치/속도를 통해 계산된다. 이는 개별 무인기들이 기준거리를 추종하도록 하며 임무영역 안에 겹치지 않고 최대한 조밀하게 배치되도록 한다. 기준거리 결정에는 채우기 문제를 풀기 위한 최적화 기법과 유사한 방식을 적용하였다. 임무영역은 형성하고자 하는 대형의 외곽선으로 정의되며 임무에 따라 유동적으로 설정될 수 있다. 제안한 알고리즘의 성능을 확인하기 위하여 수치 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 복잡성과 확장성을 고려한 영역에서 약 26.94초에 대형이 형성되며 약 71.91%의 채우기 밀도를 가지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2018

Due to its speciality, Johannesburg has drawn wide attention from the international academia, which the existing urban theory cannot easily explain. This paper focuses on the spatial pattern of Johannesburg, and finds that it is highly fragmented: first North-South Division due to apartheid and gold mining, secondly, the continuous sprawl due to population densification, and thirdly formation of city-region due to the fill-in spatial policy. The fragmented spatial pattern undermines the social integration and weakens the potential economic sustainability, which make the balanced multi-core spatial pattern inevitable under the influence of the international planning thought. The Johannesburg's spatial transformation comes not only from social integration, but also from the development vison of world-class status of an African city. In reality, since the collapse of apartheid, the municipal government has released series of strategic planning in different executive phase. These different plannings unanimously focus on the world class status although since 2008, the social inclusiveness is more emphasized. Thus, Johannesburg implements some spatial policies, as promoting the corridor of freedom, identifying the key nodes in the city then developing with high density, implementing the in-filling policy, managing the urban growth boundary, effectively preserving the natural system. However, the industrial structure in Johannesburg is already quite high-ended which cannot produce many jobs and also require much investment in advanced infrastructure. Thus, the strategic goals of world-class status of an African city and social inclusiveness which really need widely shared public services to some extent are in tension. After evaluation, we can see that spatial transformation is quite limited. Obviously spatial transformation largely depends on the social-economy. The population is still in flow. In this sense Johannesburg must energetically support the employment-based industry, effectively control the spatial sprawl and carry out institutional innovation which further incentive investment, gradually build an integrated regional governance. In general, how Johannesburg combines globalization and its own condition is still worth thinking in both theory and practice.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.380-392
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• 2023

Groupers (Family Epinephelidae) are commonly caught in data-poor small-scale multi-species fisheries for sale on both export and domestic markets. This study presents data on the species composition and size/life-stage structure of Epinephelus spp. groupers caught by small-scale fishers and sold locally in the Indonesian province of South Sulawesi. Data were collected from fishing ports and local markets at 12 sites representing the three seaways around South Sulawesi (Makassar Strait, Flores Sea, Gulf of Bone). Each specimen (n = 3,398) was photographed alongside an object of known length, and total length (TL) was obtained using the Rapid Scaling on Object (RASIO). Of the 23 species identified, four (Epinephelus areolatus, Epinephelus ongus, Epinephelus quoyanus, and Epinephelus fasciatus) collectively comprised 69% of the catch, while the 13 least abundant species contributed less than 5%. The catch was dominated (67%) by the subadult life-stage, with just under 20% in the adult class. Juveniles dominated the catch of Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, a valuable export commodity. Observations of early maturity as well as the sizeable gap between length at first capture (Lc) and length at first maturity (Lm) indicate recruitment overfishing of most species, with the notable exception of Epinephelus rivulatus. The proportion of adult fish was low (≈5%-30%) for the twelve most abundant species (E. areolatus, E. ongus, Epinephelus quoyanus, E. fasciatus, Epinephelus coioides, Epinephelus faveatus, Epinephelus sexfasciatus, Epinephelus maculatus, Epinephelus bleekeri, Epinephelus corallicola, E. fuscoguttatus, Epinephelus polyphekadion). For two moderately abundant species (E. faveatus and E. malabaricus), TL < Lm for all specimens. The limited data available indicate spawning ratio is lower than reported from deep-water fisheries of E. areolatus and E. coioides. The results call for targeted research to fill knowledge gaps regarding the biology and ecology of groupers exploited mainly for domestic markets; highlight the need for species-level data to inform management policies such as minimum legal size regulations; and can contribute towards species-level status assessments.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.102-110
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• 2024

Objective: This study evaluated the health behavior level of urological cancer survivors after surgery. Understand the experience of change and identify the factors that affect it for health. Selection of the best intervention steps and effective intervention adopt a lifestyle. It is intended to contribute to the creation of basic data for development of guidelines. Methods: The study was conducted with patients diagnosed with urological cancer at a hospital in Seoul. Study data were obtained by having 100 patients who agreed to the study self-fill out a questionnaire through interviews, and the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund and American Institute for Cancer Research Score (2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE) was used to estimate the level of health behavior. Results: The study examines health behavior among urolgical cancer survivors based on the 2018 WCRF/AICR SCORE. Higher household income and younger age were associated with better health behavior scores, with those under 60 and earning over 3 million won being more likely to have higher scores. Conclusion: Based on these results, this study requires comprehensive data collection considering the missing variables, suggesting that high household income and young age can positively affect healthy behavior. In addition, we conclude that education for cancer survivors and development of strategies to bridge the health gap for low-income and elderly populations are necessary.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 간척지 내에 온실을 시공할 경우, 온실 설계의 기초자료로 활용하기 위하여 최근 나무말뚝 기초를 사용하여 완공한 계화도 간척지의 1-2W형 온실을 대상으로 온실기초의 침하량을 계측하고 검토하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 지반조사 결과, 기반암인 연암층은 확인되지 않았으며 부지 조성 당시 매립한 것으로 추정되는 매립층과 그 하부에 퇴적층이 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. 그리고 매립층과 퇴적층 하부에 풍화대가 존재하는 것으로 조사되었다. 전체 지반층의 토성은 시추공에 관계없이 주로 점토 섞인 모래, 실트질 모래, 실트질 점토 및 화강편마암 순으로 구성되어 있었다. 지하수위도 시추공에 관계없이 지반에서 0.3m 아래에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 온실기초 및 나무말뚝의 침하량은 전체적으로 볼 때, 온실 내 외부나 계측지점(채널)에 관계없이 침하량에는 다소 차이가 있지만, 시간의 경과와 함께 침하량이 증가하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 온실 내부 기둥의 경우, CH-2는 좀 예외적이긴 하지만, 온실 측벽(방풍벽 측)에 있는 지점의 데이터가 상대적으로 큰 진폭으로 흔들리는 것은 알 수 있었다. 또한 특정 시기에 침하량이 상대적으로 크게 증가한 후, 어느 정도 침하량이 회복 되는 현상을 볼 수 있었다. 이와 같은 현상들을 포함하여 CH-1을 제외하고 현 시점에서 온실 내 외부 전체의 지점별(CH-2~CH-10) 침하량은 1.0~7.5mm 정도의 범위에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀 분석한 결과 결정계수는 지점별로 0.6362~0.9340까지의 범위로서 상관관계가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 온실외부의 경우는 0.6046~0.8822로서 온실내부 보다는 다소 낮지만, 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2008

고속철도는 300km/h 이상의 고속으로 운행되기 때문에 노반의 부등침하는 큰 사고를 야기시킬 수 있어 주의를 기울여 관리되어야 한다. 일반적으로 침하는 두 층(성토체, 하부 원지반)에서 발생될 수 있다. 이 중 원지반에 대한 연구는 많이 수행되어 왔으나, 성토체 자체의 압축침하에 대한 연구는 그 크기가 상대적으로 크지 않고 장기적으로 발생되는 특성으로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다 하지만 잔류침하량이 약 30mm까지 허용되는 콘크리트궤도의 고속철도 구간에서는 이로 인한 영향은 무시할 수 없으며 이에 대한 원인 규명이 필요하다. 성토체의 압축은 다양한 원인에 의해서 발생될 수 있을 것이다. 그 중에서도 성토체 자체의 장기적인 압축침하특성은 공사 완료 후에 지하수위 상승이나 강우로 인한 습윤화 과정(Wetting)에서 크게 발생될 수 있으며, 이는 'Hydro Collapse' 또는 'Wetting Collapse'라 할 수 있다. 이러한 Wetting Collpase 문제에 대한 연구가 많이 이루어지지 않고 있지만, 이로 인한 모래, 자갈, 암석 등의 다짐 성토체의 압축발생은 여러 연구자들에 의해 인지되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 4가지 종류의 지반/암석에 대해 응력수준과 습윤화 조건 등에 대한 Wetting Collapse 실험을 수행하여 그 영향 정도를 평가해 보았다. 대형 오이도미터를 이용하여 실험을 수행하였으며, 실험결과로 각 재료별 수직응력에 따라 발생되는 침하 변형률과 순수히 포화도 상승에 따른 침하 변형률을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2013

Purpose: As UBC IRMA is being tested, patients out of the reference value are reacting within the value again a few days later the urine collection tested, which causes the reliability of the test to decrease as a result. In this study, we can assume that the physiological changes in the factors would affect the results. The purpose of the study is to find out whether hematuria and proteinuria in the sample as well as the interval time (3 hours or more recommended) have affected the results. As a result, we could discover the changes in factors and increase the reliability of the test. Materials and Methods: 468 people (female: 249, male: 219) who came for the check-up were presented herein for medical examination from 2013.3.15 to 2013.1.2. Some people out of 468 who have reacted onto the reference value were divided into group low titer zone, ow-middle titer zone, and middle-high titer zone and tested for hematuria and proteinuria. During that period, 48 outpatients were asked to fill in a questionnaire regarding the urination interval time. The reagents used were (IDL Biotech AB, Sweden) and UBC IRMA. Results: Of the patients that are formed in the reference value of ($0.1-34.0{\mu}g/L$) turn out to be 52.7 years average age in their low concentration, ($mean{\pm}SD$) of the value of $0.10{\pm}0.02{\mu}g/L$. Among 80 people (50.8%, female: 49.2%), 16 patients (20%) have shown reaction to microscopic hematuria and 10 patients (12.5%) responded to proteinuria. In the average low concentration under 52.5 years of average age, 43 people (53%) have shown reaction to microscopic hematuria and 21 people (26.3%) are proteinuric patients out of 80 patients (male: 50.8%, female: 51.3%). In the middle high concentration of $11.8{\pm}4.82{\mu}g/L$ under the average age 51.7 years, 35 patients (53%) have responded to the microscopic hematuria and proteinuric patients are 26 people (39.3%) out of 66 people (men: 44%, women: 56%). In addition, in the concentration of $51.7{\pm}43.5{\mu}g/L$, some patients who get out of the reference value are observed as the average age of 52.0. 11 patients (78.6%) out of 14 (male: 35.7%, female: 64.3%) react to the microscopic hematuria. There show 6 people (42.8%) who turn out to be as proteinuric patients. As for the interval time, $1.67{\pm}3.71{\mu}g/L$ was the average value among 48 patients (female: 45.8%, male: 54.2%). Conclusion: We cannot see if proteinuria and hematuria directly affect abnormal results of inspection of 8,18 cytokeratin; however, we can find out that they statistically have an influence on highly generating UBC among several mechanisms. Also, although urination interval time was various every 15 minutes, we it does not affect these results.