• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.308-309
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• 2003

악취란 황화수소, 메르캅탄류, 아민류, 기타 자극성이 있는 기체상 물질이 사람의 후각을 자극하여 불쾌감과 혐오감을 주는 냄새로서 사람에게 심리적.정신적 피해를 주는 감각오염이라 할 수 있다. 악취 유발물질을 비롯하여 대기중으로 배출된 오염물질의 거동은 오염물질의 물리ㆍ화학적인 특성뿐만 아니라, 기온, 풍향, 풍속, 혼합고, 대기안정도 등 다양한 국지 기상인자의 영향을 받게된다. 특히 악취유발물질은 다른 대기오염물질과는 달리 미량에서도 불쾌감을 주고 그 원인물질이 상당히 많을 뿐만 아니라 물질간의 반응기작이 매우 복잡하다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.231-231
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• 2005

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.186-194
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• 2021

Purpose: This study was conducted to find out the association between dual-use of the electronic cigarette (EC) and conventional cigarette (CC) and depression among undergraduate students. Methods: The participants of this study were 225 undergraduate students who were attending two universities located in Ulsan metropolitan city. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results: Nicotine dependence and depression were significantly higher in the dual-use group than in the single-use group. Dual-use of the EC and CC was significantly associated with depression among undergraduate students. In addition, quality of sleep was significantly associated with depression among undergraduate students. Conclusion: In order to prevent depression among undergraduate students, it is necessary to improve the awareness of the danger of dual use of the EC and CC.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.157-171
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess the smart city for major cities in Korea. The assessment indicators are based on the STIM structure (Service, Technology, Infrastructure, and Management Layer Architecture) of the Multi-Layered Smart City Model. Assessment indicators are established through smart city concepts, case analysis, big data analysis, as well as weighted through expert AHP survey. For the assessment, seven major metropolitan cities are selected, including Seoul, and their data such as KOSIS, KISDISTAT from 2017 to 2019 is utilized for the smart city level assessment. The smart city level results show that the service, technology, infrastructure, and management levels were relatively high in Seoul and Incheon, which are metropolitan areas. Whereas, Busan, Daegu, and Ulsan, the Gyeongsang provinces are relatively moderate, while Daejeon and Gwangju, the South Chungcheong region and the Jeolla provinces, were relatively low. The overall STIM ranking shows a similar pattern, as the Seoul metropolitan area smart city level outperforms the rest of the analyzed areas with a large difference. Accordingly, balanced development strategies are needed to reduce gaps in the level of smart cities in South Korea, and respective smart city plans are needed considering the characteristics of each region. This paper will follow the literature review, assessment index establishment, weight analysis of assessment index, major cities assessment and result in analysis, and conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.13-30
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze the qualitative and quantitative effects of environmental policies in terms of green space management using logistic regression model(LRM). Landsat satellite imageries in 1985, 1992, 2000, 2008, and 2015 are classified using a hybrid-classification method. Based on these classified maps, logistic regression model having a deforestation tendency of the past is built. Binary green space change map is used for the dependent variable and four explanatory variables are used: distance from green space, distance from settlements, elevation, and slope. The green space map of 2008 and 2015 is predicted using the constructed model. The conservation effect of Ulsan's environmental policies is quantified through the numerical comparison of green area between the predicted and real data. Time-series analysis of green space showed that restoration and destruction of green space are highly related to human activities rather than natural land transition. The effect of green space management policy was spatially-explicit and brought a significant increase in green space. Furthermore, as a result of quantitative analysis, Ulsan's environmental policy had effects of conserving and restoring 111.75㎢ and 175.45㎢ respectively for the periods of eight and fifteen years. Among four variables, slope was the most determinant factor that accounts for the destruction of green space in the city. This study presents logistic regression model as a way of evaluating the effect of environmental policies that have been practiced in the city. It has its significance in that it allows us a comprehensive understanding of the effect by considering every direct and indirect effect from other domains, such as air and water, on green space. We conclude discussing practicability of implementing environmental policy in terms of green space management with the focus on a non-statutory plan.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to minimize damage of chemical accidents through the appropriation analysis of evacuation facility position focused on Ulsan metropolitan city. For analysis, informations such as pollutant release and transfer registers(PRTR), population census, and evacuation facilities were used. After then, damage assessment of chemical accidents, accessibility and appropriation of evacuation facilities were analyzed. Damage of chemical accidents is high in around 5km of industrial complex there is dense of chemical facility and population. Evacuation facilities were mainly situated in hazard area of chemical accidents, but accessibility of evacuation facilities was vulnerable in chemical plant neighborhood. Therefore, safety check of deteriorated plants is important for prevention of chemical accidents. Also, effective evacuation plan considering capacity and scale of evacuation facilities will be established.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2010

This study estimated the social benefits of establishment 01 the Taehwa Field Ecology Park in Ulsan Metropolitan City, using CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) with multiple choices in consideration of respondent's uncertainty. The estimation results 01 lour logit models show that the probability of willingness-to-pay increases significantly with higher income, higher evaluation on the relevancy of establishment of the Park, and male gender, and decreases significantly with the bidding price. Truncated mean household WTP is estimated as 2,409.4 KRW in the MBYES model with the most efficient estimates of WTP among four models. On the basis of the WTP estimates, the present values of total social benefits in Ulsan Metropolitan City are estimated as 236.5 bill ion KRW when applying the 5% discount rate. This result shows that the present values of total social benefits are greater than the total costs in all models, and thus may prove the economic relevancy of the investment for the ecology park establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2001

The objective of this research were to investigate the evaluative criteria and sub-factor in terms of food preparation and eating for the housewives and cooks in Ulsan Metropolitan City. 217 full-time housewives and 129 cooks were surveyed for this research. The cooks evaluated preference, cooking time, taste, food color, food temperature more important than the housewives. The evaluative criteria in food preparation and eating was consisted of 4 factors; the eating atmosphere factor, the preference factor, the quality factor and the table setting factor. There was a significant mean difference of the eating atmosphere factor between men and women. There was a significant mean difference of the preference factor between marital status, age, Engel Coefficient, educational level and occupation. The quality factor was varied from sex, marital status and occupation.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2010

This study aims to find out how childhood teachers recognize the characteristic of children, family and community resilience and there are any relationships between children, family and community resilience that teachers recognize. In this Study, 280 teachers working in kindergarten and nurseries in Busan and Ulsan Metropolitan City were subjected to questionnaire survey. Data obtained were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, one-way analysis of variance, correlation analysis and factor analysis of SPSS 12.0 statistical program. The results were as follow: First, childhood teacher recognized optimism and positiveness as characteristics of childhood resilience. Second, childhood teacher recognized family cohesion and role stability as characteristics of family resilience. Third, childhood teacher recognized community service and support system as community resilience. Fourth, childhood teacher recognized illustrates mutually organic relationship amongst them, childhood resilience was found to be more closely related to family resilience.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of foot bath therapy on operating room (OR) nurses' lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue. Methods: This study used a randomized control group non-synchronized design. The data were collected from August to October 2013, and a total of 50 OR nurses in an university hospital in U Metropolitan City participated in the study: 25 nurses for the experimental group and 25 for the control group. The experimental group received foot bath in which feet were soaked in $40^{\circ}C$ water and immersed up to ankle line for 20 minutes per a day for 12 times. Results: There were significant decrease in the calf edema, physical stress, and fatigue between pre and post foot bath therapy. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that foot bath had the effect in decreasing lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue among OR nurses. Foot bath therapy, therefore, is suggested as a comfort and easy-to-use method in clinical setting to reduce OR nurses' lower extremities edema, stress, and fatigue.