• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.753-765
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• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of women problem gamblers, focusing on the meaning of gambling to them, how and why these women continue to gamble or stop gambling, and their needs and concerns. In order to effectively help women problem gamblers, practical in-depth knowledge is necessary to develop intervention programs for prevention, treatment, and recovery among women problem gamblers. Methods: The hermeneutic phenomenology approach was used to guide in-depth interviews and team interpretation of data. Sixteen women gamblers who chose to live in the casino area were recruited through snowball sampling with help from a counseling center. Participants were individually interviewed from February to April 2013 and asked to tell their stories of gambling. Transcribed interviews provided data for interpretive analysis. Results: In the study analysis one constitutive pattern was identified: moving beyond addiction by recognizing the two faces of gambling in their life. Four related themes emerged in the analysis-gambling as alluring; gambling as 'ugly'; living in contradictions; and moving beyond. Conclusion: Loneliness and isolation play a critical role in gambling experiences of women gamblers in Korea. In other words, they are motivated to gamble in order to escape from loneliness, to stop gambling for fear of being lonely as they get older, and to stay in the casnio area so as not to be alone. The need for acceptance is one fo the important factors that should be considered in developing intervention program for women.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.3 no.1 s.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to study the formative characteristics and symbolism shown in Rock stars' hairstyles through rock music to have influenced youth culture. There were a D.A style and a mop top style which included the youth characteristic to seek a new desire and value as the hairstyles of Rock & Roll stars, along with the characteristics of Rock & Roll music to represent the feeling of teenagers in 1950's at that time unlike the previous music due to high beats mixed with Rhythm & Blues (R & B) and Country music, and use of electronic guitars. We can see the desire for challenge and freedom against the then present regime, shouting love and peace, and resistance in the Psychedelic Rock music stars' hairstyle, which are untrimmed and disheveled, that is, natural. We can find explosiveness in Mohican and Spike style of Punk Rock stars playing fierce and aggressive music, along with words including indignation and assertion against the society's regime. The Artistic characteristic is implied in the following hairstyles: Glam Rock stars' hairstyle, a man's long-haired but a little long crew-cut style to reduce the bulky feeling and to give a bisexual, visible shock with hair dyed in orange to emphasize magnificence, and Punk Rock stars' hairstyle showing beauty in their own way with expression of anti-beauty to intentionally look ugly. Like this, the 20th Century's Rock music and youth culture are closely associated each other, and showed a new style, and played a leading role in street fashion, which became a momentum to much influence high fashion as a look of the 20th century modern fashion.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.141-149
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• 2010

This thesis is designed to take a close look into the characteristics of architectural space through the standard of beauty, which has been created apart from our desires at certain cultural or historical periods of time. It will try to construct the outline of conception about the beauty throughout many centuries. First of all, contents of the research will focus on the aspects, which people have been considering as beauty eversince the ancient time without having any assumptions on its concept. For example, if the beauty of art has been accepted by the theories of modern aesthetics while degrading the beauty of nature, its value could have possibly been much more appreciated. The standard of beauty has been going through the process of change in such history of mankind. The general standard of beauty, which was established in the ancient time was the proportion and harmony between many elements. Afterwards, beauty was expressed as colors and light in medieval times. Expression of beauty using ugly features such as monsters or demons also existed at the time. Beauty has been periodically developing from supernatural to gracious, rational, noble, romantic, religious, mechanical, and today's media. The concept of beauty established from the above has been appearing throughout various culture such as dress and decoration at the given period of time. It would later affect the formation of space as well as decoration for architectures and styles. It will be analyzed throughout the five design elements; style, composition, materials, components, and form. The thesis would like to find the spatial order of beauty from the result of the analysis. The analysis will examine the possibility for which the recomposition of beauty will be provided as a design process for the new era. The Greek beauty represents a shape. The shape represents proportion and the proportion represents given numbers. However, beauty is being expressed by the opposite process at the present time. In other words, computers will arrange the numbers, which would formalize the proportion between the numbers. Beauty would be presented when the shape is presented as certain forms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.29-47
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• 1995

Today, we live in the fastly changing society, rapidly developing scientific civilization and repeatly confusing political culture. Therefore, man persuits the emotional rest in "eros" and sympathizes with eroticism. Such an eroticism represents too much in art and costume all over the world. the purpose of this study is to classify the ex-pressive style of eroticism which is the feature of the costume in the first year of 1990's and to analyze its expression meaning. This study will be a basic data of new design development and help predict the costume in the latter half of the yeat. The method of this study was performed by using the literature related to the eroticism and the study of preceeding researchers. To analyze the costume style the its implied meaning being used to express the eroticism of 1990's, the magazines(Elle, Vogue, WWD, Collections etc) and the literatures related to fashion were used. The styles and meaning of eroticism expressed eroticism by using the minimal design which exposes wholly or partly by using a transparent vinyl and a see-through clothing. The sexy style arose from the expression of social rebellion and the exposure of suppressive sex as a psychological repulsion against the older generation. 2) Deshabille style : This style is the conver-sion to the outer garment of an underwear. The excessive exposure which just concerns the inti-mate parts of the body by using the thin cloth or lace for an underwear. This style can be recognized as the beauty destruction and ugly 3) Glamour style : The style is made up of the high-grade cloth such as silk and velvet and expresses the bodily beauty. This style falls into a rebellious culture and comes from the inten-tional expression to escape the modern life which is straight and hard. 4) metallic style : This style uses variously the new material such as vinyl-coating, enamel and represents the eroticism through the original expressions.pressions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.5 s.112
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• pp.31-42
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• 2005

This study has been conducted in order to better understand a concrete and evidential disagreement that resulted from a conflict caused by the exploitation of folk village for tourism purposes. The purpose of this study was to analyze more realistically the phenomenon of the disagreement that originated from sightseeing in the hahoe folk villages by focusing on the problem between the ive groups as a potential and continual impediment to tourism. Two groups, residents and tourists, were compared in order to determine the underlying factors of the disagreement regarding exploitation of folk villages for tourism The two groups were clearly split: inhabitants of the village considered such exploitation negative, while tourists accepted it as positive. The two groups showed different understandings of the topic residents were in favor of the preservation of the physical resources, but against exposure of their private lives to the public, while tourists strongly respected the preservation of the resources of the village. A comparison of the common phenomena of disagreement between the two groups was performed, Variables that showed different responses between the two groups were loss of privacy of individual houses, verbal aggression and physical conflicts between the groups, and lack of administration. In most of the cases of disagreement, residents considered the disagreement phenomena to be more serious than tourists did except in one case: tourists placed a greater importance on the ugly view of the street market. Finally, in order to analyze the factors that impacted the level of the disagreement, a multiple regression analysis was conducted. Disagreement factors affecting tourists were verbal aggression between the groups, complaints about lodging and dining facilities, complaints about tourist facilities, and negligence of the administration in responding to requests. Among these, the most influential factor was verbal aggression between the groups. In fact, individual feelings between tourists and residents proved to be the biggest influence on the level of disagreement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.101-115
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• 1991

A study on the method of evaluation the urban amenity structure in Pusan city was established. Finally a survey sites out of 41 regions were selected on the basis of questionnaires : Taejong-dae and Haeun-dae as a seascape, Pumosa and Daesin-park as a mountain, Daechong-park and Seongjigok-park as a mixed, and Chungryulsa, Yongdoosan-park and U. N. Cemetry as a urban type. The abstracted results of amenity elements were revealed as natural environments including convex type as beach, reservoir, valley and mountain, and plant elements including woods and flower beds which raised amenity. The elements of social surroundings including children's playing, the aged's rest, and elements of structures including historic and memorial structures and high buildings. Amenity element made up of each space by region were abstracted from the Semantic Differential method. According to the factor analysis on the ground SD scale values, Kaiser's measure of sampling adequacy for 24 variables is 08602 and very high. Four factors including pleasantness, healthiness, convenience and safety showed 54.42 percent for total variance. By means of multiple regression, the model was as follows : Y=1.6636+0.3684X4+0.1955X11+0.1614X15-0.1688X23+0.1468X24. Therefore, Y:amenity, X4:beautiful-ugly, X11:clean-dirty, X15:creative-imitative, X23:cozy-dreary, X24:free-restrained. All variables in the model were significant at 0.001 level. According to the results of regression on satisfaction, the variables of satisfaction affecting amenity are the size of green space, the condition of management and the harmony with the surroundings. I think the considerating on the above could improve amenity of each region and further Pusan city.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.704-709
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• 1998

Amelogenesis imperfecta represents a group of hereditary conditions that manifest enamel defects without evidence of generalized or systemic disorders. These enamel disorders are apparently heterogeneous in the basic chemical structure, resulting in a diverse presentation of clinical characteristics. The reported prevalence of amelogenesis imperfecta varies from 1 in 14,000-16,000 to 1.4 in 1,000 depending on specific population studied with the autosomal dominant hypocalcification type of amelogenesis imperfecta believed to be the least prevalent. The most widely accepted current classification system for delineating the amelogenesis imperfecta types considers the mode of inheritance and clinical manifestations. Three major groups are recognized; hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomaturation types. Delineating specific types of amelogenesis imperfecta can be confusing due to the phenotypical similarity of many forms and that the most recent classification lists 14 different types. A 12 year-old female patient came to our pediatric dentistry clinic complaining of the ugly shape and color of her teeth, especially the upper front area. Although the goal of the treatment was mainly focused on the improvement of patient's esthetics, longevity of the restorations was also considered in selecting the appropriate restorative system, resin jacket crown, which can satisfy the both aspects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.61-78
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• 2008

Comedy costumes worn on the comedians/gag men express the information of the performances such as character's era, place, social rank, present environment, age, sex, occupation, emotion, relationships between the characters, importance and mood in visual language. The comic is found when these informations are reversed, revealed, exaggerated or distorted. To analyse the TV comedy costumes, 5 subordinate concepts of the comic which are Body, Gender, Age, T.P.O.(Time, Place, Occasion) and Role could be identified, and the results from the analysis focused on (10 shows were selected from each of the first and second half of the years from 2003 to 2007) are as follows: Distorted and ugly body implies the resistance against the ideal body. Reversed or confused sex are usually expressed as men dressed in women, and these mean breaking the dichotomy between male and female, and coexistence of the masculinity and feminity, and satirizing the social custom restricting women by moral rules. It could be recognized that the way of men's dressing in women have been changing keeping pace with the times. The discord between age and costume was often expressed with children's wear and childish props. This implies the liberation from the age role. The comic expressed from the inadequate costume for T.P.O. usually appeared with the costumes 20-30years behind the times. When there were discordance with the acts and acts expected from the outfit(appearance) also made an ironical laugh. The comics acquired by vulgarization and exaggeration of the characteristics of role(figures/occupation) were from the imitation and deformation of the objects in stereotypes, and through this dissolving the custom was under way.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.13-30
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the types of Deformation dipicted on the late 1990s western costumes. The late 20th century cultural experience or lifestyle is interpreted with 'popular culture' ,popular culture is described as cultural phenomenon in postmodern condition. Contemporary popular culture may no longer be strictly 'working-class' as the idealistic purists of political formalism would like to , but does emerge from subordinate cultures, from the inventive edges of the consensus, and from the previously ignored and suppressed. It gestured through a widening democratization of styles, sounds and images, to an important remarking , to new possibilities , new perpectives, new projects. The growing importance of popular culture as a source for change of expression in the art, expecially new desire and will of artists has been caused lots of ' Deformation' in their works. Deformation, doesn't mean to represent object faithfully as it were seen through the artist's eyes. In a sense it implies that artists deform it with conscious or unconscious form. So in this study , the phenomenon of the postmodern western costumes is to describe ' formative language' called 'Deformation.' and it is classified three types, that is, 'Deformation of human-body image.' , Deformation of silhouette.' 'Deformation of detail.'. First , Deformation of human-body image is represented by deconstructive , subversive image in western costumes, a lot of costumes types of deconstruction have been shown by fashion designers are emphasized empathy with Deformation of human-body image. Second, Deformation of silhouette is also represented subversion of traditional manner and ultiity, underwear and outwear structure and ugly image. parody image of postumodernism , and so on. Above all, the late 1990s western costumes with Deformation of silhouette was an infinitely larger and more complex world than it appeared from outside and has expressed as a rejection against the values which traditional aesthetic concept had pursued, And parody through the change of internal meaning is to bring about parodox, irony, contempt, satire , unexpectedness by applying the original to inapproporate subject through its substition, inversion. Third, Deformation of detail is represented overdecoration, exaggerative distortion of for , overlapping and fetish image, parody image, kitsch image, and so on , Once fetish achieve a certain' style factor' among trendsettler, they are picked up by internationally famous fashion designers, The characteristics of kitsch are overdecoration , unfitness , imitation , used western costumes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.910
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• pp.1329-1340
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to survey about the images of the sexy clothes that young women sympathize in modern society, that is, to make a research into the cognitive dimensions of 'Sexy image' and the constructive peculiarity of clothing. The researches into dimension of image by sexy clothing make that female mainly consist of in their twenties during May to October in 2003. The independent variables were: 1) The physical beauty dimension, 2) The negative estimate dimension, 3) The characteristic devaluation dimension,4) The elegance/ high grade dimension,5) The freshness/ beauty dimension,6) The sex appeal/ exposure dimension. Judging from each characteristic of costume in classified by articles, that is, colors, texture, shapes, details, and others-phenomenon of outerization of under clothing, print. We can know the clothes showing up our nice figures are the sleeveless design tied with strap, soft texture as silk chiffon and the colors that are not strong. And there were no embarrassed, ugly and pitiful clothing. Expressing sexy beauty by clothing is the result that the wearer produces intentionally by compounding design factors, it's the ideal when the observer's reaction and the wearer's intention correspond. Therefore, it will be helpful in expressing ideally if the subject, what kinds of sexy beauty the compounding design factors express, is studied carefully. Also it is expected to be used in grasping modem consumers' desires that want to look sexy, finding out how to express, dealing with the consumers' desires correctly, and the reference materials of the planning goods, sales promotion, and selecting of a medium of advertisement according to the consumers' desires.