• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.220-220
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• 2003

The microencapsulation of droplets or particles within a solid shell leads to the formation of core-shell particles. Microencapsulation provides protection and controlled release of core materials such as drugs, vitamins, enzymes, perfumes, and the like. Such particles have, therefore, found a diverse range of applications in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetic, and food industries. UV absorbers are widely used for cosmetics to screen out ultra violet (UV) rays which have side effects on human skin. The absorbers are made generally from synthetic organic compounds, which can stimulate the human skins to develop allergic phenomena.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.359-366
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• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at$95^\circ{C}$ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1-1
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• 2001

In this study, wool, silk and cotton fabrics were dyed with natural dyes derived from Ginkgo biloba bark using various mordants, and their dyeabilities were discussed. Additionally the fastness to washing, perspiration, light, rubbing, and drycleaning were investigated. And the effects of bacteria reduction and UV-B protection rate were also checked. The optimum dyeing condition of the colorants extracted from the Ginkgo biloba bark was three repeated dyeing at 95℃ for 1 hr. by using post mordanting. Mordanting improved the fastness to washing, Perspiration and drycleaning, but the fastness to light and rubbing were not increased. The bacteria reduction rate of the wool fabric increased drastically by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and its effect maintained after repeated washing and drycleaning. UV-B protection rate of the natural fibers increased by dyeing with extract of Ginkgo biloba bark and the dyed wool fabric was the best of the three fabrics.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 2011

In the present study, total methanol extracts prepared from Alpinia katsumadai showed significant protective effects against the oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, UV-C or ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. These protective effects were substantially increased by treatment with 20~100 ${\mu}g$/ml of the extract. The A. katsumadai total methanol preparation was further fractionated into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water fractions. Among these five fractions, the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of A. katsumadai showed the strongest protective effects against oxidative stress induced by UV-C and ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation. These fractions also showed high DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities. In addition, both fractions displayed cell proliferation activation effects, as evidenced by significant increases in colony formation. Our current data thus suggest that the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of A. katsumadai against oxidative damage may include radical scavenging, protection against cell membrane damage and stimulation of cell proliferation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.1177-1185
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• 2002

This study was to develop the sunshade hat which reduced stress from solar radiation and ultraviolet radiation (UV), in order to keep the farmer's health and to promote their work efficiency. The new sunshade hat with a large brim, special structure for ventilation, stability and portability was designed and tested with manikin heads outdoors. Two newly designed sunshade hats(A, B) and three existing hat were tested Sunshade hat A made of double fabric with aluminum coating-nylon and black cotton cloth with a polyester mix(T/C) was the most protective from solar radiation. Sunshade hat B with larger brim was the most protective from ultraviolet radiation, even though it was made of aluminum coating-nylon single fabric.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.2125-2134
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• 2015

IrrE is a highly conserved global regulator in the Deinococcus genus and contributes to survival from high doses of UV radiation, ionizing radiation, and desiccation. Drad-IrrE and Dgob-IrrE from Deinococcus radiodurans and Deinococcus gobiensis I-0 each share 66% sequence identity. However, Dgob-IrrE showed a stronger protection phenotype against UV radiation than Drad-IrrE in the D. radiodurans irrE-deletion mutant (ΔirrE), which may be due to amino acid residues differences around the DNA-binding HTH domain. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to generate a Drad-IrrE A184S single mutant, which has been characterized and compared with the ΔirrE mutant complemented strain with Drad-irrE, designated ΔirrE-E. The effects of the A184S mutation following UV radiation and mitomycin C (MMC) shock were determined. The A184S mutant displayed significantly increased resistance to UV radiation and MMC shock. The corresponding A184 site in Dgob-IrrE was inversely mutated, generating the S131A mutant, which exhibited a loss of resistance against UV radiation, MMC shock, and desiccation. qPCR analysis revealed that critical genes in the DNA repair system, such as recA, pprA, uvrA, and ddrB, were remarkably induced after UV radiation and MMC shock in the ΔirrE-IE and A184S mutants. These data suggested that A184S improves the ability against UV radiation and MMC shock, providing new insights into the modification of IrrE. We speculated that the serine residue may determine the efficiency of DNA binding, leading to the increased expression of IrrE-dependent genes important for protection against DNA damage.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

Purpose: The current study was conducted to evaluate the compatibility of UV-A blocking contact lens on eye protection with regular contact lens. Methods: The protective activity of regular contact lens (UV-A blocking: 20%) and UV-A blocking contact lens (UV-A blocking: 85%) on the denaturation of RNase A, catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) induced UV-A irradiation were compared by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme solutions were irradiated with UV-A for 1, 3, 6, 24 and 96 hours at the wavelength of 365 nm. Covering area with contact lenses were varied as 50%, 70% and 100% according to the calculation of blocking areas of anterior eye that could be covered with RGP lens, soft contact lens, and eye glasses, respectively. Results: Denaturations of RNase, catalase and SOD were exaggerated when they were exposed to UV-A for a longer period. The denaturation was effectively prevented by UV-A blocking contact lens compared to regular contact lens. The capability of UV-A blocking contact lens was considerably reduced when the covering area with contact lens decreased and exposure time to UV-A extended. Conclusion: Therefore, it would be suggested that wearing contact lens for a long time under sunlight is carefully considered since the activity of UV-A blocking contact lens against UV-A irradiation may not be enough to protect enzymes presented in eyes when exposure time to UV-A increased.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.257-264
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• 2018

Anti-graffiti coatings have become more important. These layers must guarantee excellent corrosion protection properties, and graffiti must be easily removable, without reducing protection and aesthetic properties. In this study, anti-graffiti and corrosion behavior of two anti-graffiti polyurethane powder coatings were studied. These layers were deposited on aluminum substrate, with two different surface finishes, smooth, and wrinkled. The action of four different removers are investigated. Graffiti were drawn on coatings by means of red acrylic spray paint. Methyl-ethyl-ketone (MEK) and a "commercial" remover were the most effective solvents, in terms of graffiti removal capability, producing limited change in aesthetical surface aspect for smooth finishing. The wrinkled surface was less resistant. Corrosion protection properties, after removal action and contact with the remover, were evaluate by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. After approximately 5 hours, coatings were no longer protective due to formation of defects. To simulate the weathering effect, UV-B cyclic test (4 hours of UV exposure followed by 4 hours of saturated humidity at $50^{\circ}C$) were performed for 2000 hours. Gloss and color changes were measured, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements were performed after aging and graffiti removal.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.400-402
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• 2002

We collected seeds of Solidago virgaurea plants growing at different altitudes on the Mt Hakusan area in Japan and cultivated them in a naturally-lit green house. Three-week-old seedlings were irradiated with supplemental UV-B for 12 h each day for 1 and 2 weeks. After a week of itradiation the seedlings of the population collected from the higher altitude at Oh-nanjiho (ON) had accumulated more anthocyanins than those from the lower altitude at Bettoh-deai (BD). Levels of anthocyanins in the ON seedlings were highly correlated with the dose of UV-B radiation and the correlation was also observed after 2 weeks. The growth of the third leaves was retarded by UV-B radiation in both populations. The extent of growth retardation in the third leaves was correlated with the dose of UV -B radiation in both populations. However, no significant difference in the extent of leaf area growth was observed between the ON and BD populations. The increase in plant fresh weight was extensively inhibited in the ON seedlings after 1 week of UV-B radiation. The inhibition was recovered to those in the BD population by 2 weeks irradiation. These results indicate that these populations respond differentially to supplementary UV -B radiation during the first week. Because flavonoids such as anthocyanins play an important role in protection against UV-B radiation in many plants, populations growing at higher altitude may be better able to adapt to increased global levels of UV-B radiation.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2007

The effects of high energy short wave solar radiation on human skin have received much publicity as the major cause of accelerated skin ageing and of skin cancers. To meet public demand, the cosmetic industry has developed sun protection factor products, which contain a variety of so-called "UV filters", among others benzophenone (BP) and its metabolites are the widely used UV filters. UV filters are also used to prevent UV light from damaging scents and colors in a variety of cosmetics products and to protect of plastic products against light-induced degradation. There are many variants of BP in use. In this respect, to regulate and to evaluate the hazardous effect of BP-type UV filters will be important to environment and human health. The genotoxicity of 7 BP-type UV filters was evaluated in L5178Y $(tk^{+/-})$ mouse lymphoma cells in vitro. BP, benzhydrol, 4-hydroxybenzophenone 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone and 2, 4-dihydroxybenzophenone did not induce significant mutation frequencies both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation system. 2, 2'-Dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone appeared the positive results at the highest dose, i.e. 120.4 ${\mu}g/mL$ only in the absence of metabolic activation system. And also, 2, 3, 4-trihydroxybenzophenone revealed a significant increase of mutation frequencies in the range of 138.1-207.2 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the absence of metabolic activation system and 118.3-354.8 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the presence of metabolic activation system. Through the results of MLA with 7 BP-type UV filters in L5178Y cells in vitro, we may provide the important clues on the genotoxic potentials of these BP-type UV filters.