• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2012

In this paper, a reception rate of terrestrial digital TV broadcasting service is analyzed and a novel method which can estimate the broadcasting coverage rate more objectively and reliably than the existing method is proposed. Previous method measures the reception rate by means of electric field intensity measurement or subjective video quality assessment. Because of limited measuring points, it inherently has measurement error and cannot consider the viewer's receiving conditions in real-time. In order to consider the viewer's population and receiving environment, morphology which characterizes the viewer's receiving environment is extracted using household census data of National Statistical Office and the land cover map of Ministry of Environment. Using the extracted geographical morphology, the reception rate of terrestrial digital TV broadcasting service is calculated with Spectrum Management Intelligence System (SMIs). Proposed method can calculate the reception rate more objectively and reliably than the existing methods because it fully considers the viewer's receiving environments in real-time.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.306-312
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• 2017

Recently, development of robot technology has been actively investigated that industrial robots are used in various other fields. However, the interface of the industrial robot is limited to the planned and manipulated path according to the target point and reaching time of the robot arm. Thus, it is not easy to create or change the various paths of the robot arm in other applications, and it is not easy to control the robot so that the robot arm passes the specific point precisely at the desired time during the course of the path. In order to overcome these limitations, this paper proposes a new-media content management platform that can manipulate 6 DOF industrial robot arm using 3D game engine. In this platform, the user can directly generate the motion of the robot arm in the UI based on the 3D game engine, and can drive the robot in real time with the generated motion. The proposed platform was verified using 3D game engine Unity3D and KUKA KR-120 robot.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.191-196
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• 2018

Blood tests have been used to develop treatment plans, such as disease diagnosis, treatment effect, and prognosis determination in livestock. The present study examined changes in the blood count, including RBCs, WBCs, and platelets, before and after grazing among the Korean native cattle grazing from spring to autumn. The study compared the blood count of livestock group (A, n=34) that returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening and livestock group (B, n=21) that were not returned from the rangeland to cowshed every evening during the grazing period. Hematological parameters such as RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, and WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte were determined using a blood cell analyzer. Livestock group (A) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, MCV, MCHC, WBC, EOS, and LYM. Livestock group (B) showed significant differences in the values of RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, PLT, NEU, and BAS. In particular, the RBC count decreased after grazing when compared with that before grazing. Compared with that before grazing, low RBC count was maintained from the first to fifth month of grazing. The WBC count increased from the fourth month of grazing, whereas the EOS count increased from the second month of grazing. These results suggest that the values of RBC and WBC vary before and after grazing, and also with the grazing period. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a detailed feeding management based on these values of blood analysis for livestock that are raised continuously in the rangeland.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.12
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• pp.210-245
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• 2000

This study is to review the problem concerned with aviation safety in Korea and suggest the solution to secure the aviation safety, in respect of regulation. At first, the definition and characteristics of aviation safety are studied, and then the endeavor for the aviation safety of ICAO and FAA are reviewed. All the fields of aviation safety area are included in the scope of this study; airworthiness in aircraft production and maintenance, flight operation, airport operation and air traffic control. The level of safety can be estimated by the frequency of accidents and seriousness. The causes of air accidents can be summarized as five factors; human factor, traffic environment. aircraft, weather, and unexpected incident. The activities to protect accidents are also can be summarized as five areas; man, machine, medium, mission and management. ICAO established the standards and recommends for the aviation safety, and adopted strategic action plan for 21st century. Federal Aviation Administration of USA also contributes for the aviation safety of world wide. Nowadays, ICAO and FAA tries to coordinate each other to set up efficient and effective ways for the aviation safety. ICAO developed safety oversight manual and FAA developed model regulations, individually. However, there has been trials to merge the results of each institute's studies. The direction of this endeavor is to meet the new environment related to globalization of air transport industry. It is necessary for our government to improve the aviation safety regulation system to address the new wave of aviation safety system pursued by international organization. A systematic and comprehensive measure should be devised by cooperation of all the related field and area.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore convergence on the theory of unpleasant symptom, and factors affecting quality of life of liver cirrhosis patients. A total of 198 liver cirrhosis patients were recruited symptom experiences, physiologic factors, psychological factors, situational factors, and quality of life. Data were collected from March, to May, 2014 and analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlations, multiple regressions analysis with PASW (SPSS) 21.0. Variables such as duration of liver cirrhosis(${\beta}=.19$, p<.001), symptom experiences(${\beta}=.19$, p=.032), physical(${\beta}=.15$, p=.008), psychological(${\beta}=.39$, p<.001) and situational factors(${\beta}=.32$, p<.001) explained 51.8% of variance in quality of life(F=15.57, p<.001). The symptom experiences, physiological, psychological and situational factors should be considered for caring liver cirrhosis patients. Symptoms of postmyocardial infarction (post-MI) patients at risk for progression to heart.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2004

Purpose: To report our experience of treatment of rotator cuff tear and evaluate the mid-term outcome. Materials and Methods: We have performed 50 cases of mini-open rotator cuff repair from March 1996 to March 1999. Male to female ratio was 34：16, the average age 46.5(23∼57) years old, mean follow-up period was 78(62∼93) months. All-arthroscopic repair and open repair cases were excluded. Mean symptomatic period was 12.5(6∼38) months, operation was indicated in cases of no improvement by 6 months of conservative management. Preoperative simple radiographs and Magnetic resonance arthrography were obtained in all cases. We also observed the inflammation, synovitis, thickness of tear and associated pathology intraoperatively. We evaluated pain, function, and range of motion by UCLA score. Results: Overall UCLA score was mean 29.5 points. Excellent 25, good 18, poor 7 cases. Mean pain score was improved 2.6 to 7.5, 44 cases(88%) were improved and 6 cases(12%) were not improved. Mean functional score was improved 3.4 to 8.5, and activity at follow up, 25 cases(50%) were same, 8 cases(14%) were above, 17 cases(34%) were below compared with preoperative level. Mean active forward flexion was preoperative 112° to postoperative 160°, forward flexion strength was improved 3.8 to 4.7. 43 cases(86%) of patients were satisfied at the result, 7 cases(14%) were not satisfied or aggravated. Results: Mini-open rotator cuff repair was effective method in treating rotator cuff tear.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2020

The Asian crested ibis Nipponia nippon is one of the world's most endangered species. Except for the Sanxii population from China, it is known that all of the crested ibis populations from East Asia have been extinguished. In these days, most of them are being inbred as captive populations in China, South Korea, and Japan, which caused their low expected genetic diversity. Microsatellite markers are well known as a suitable DNA marker for exploring genetic diversity among captive populations of a variety of endangered species. In the present study, ten microsatellite markers were developed for the captive populations of the South Korean crested ibis, which were employed to examine the level of genetic diversity with the two founders from Sanxii, China and the 70 descendants of them. As a result, the mean number of gene diversity, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity of the captive population were 0.70, 0.84, and 0.70 respectively. It revealed that the captive population of South Korea is as genetically more stable than we expected. In addition, the principal coordinates analysis and genetic structure analyses showed that the captive population of N. nippon can be divided into the two different genetic groups. The developed microsatellite markers here could be helpful for crested ibis conservation in East Asian countries such as China and Japan as well as South Korea.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.185-194
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• 2005

The objectives of this research are to examine the relationships among designers' characteristics, mutual communication, conflicts between CI designer and client, to test the impacts of conflicts and four type of resolution strategies on the performance of CI development, and to recommend proper strategies for successful CI process and output management. The survey results show as follows. First, CI designers' confidentiality on clients' internal information and creative designing ability were found to affect mutual communication between them. Second, proper communication was found to lessen the conflict level which in turn yielded the positive performance of CI development, especially for the clients' side. Third, it is suggested that the conflict level be first reduced and conflict resolution strategies be applied depending upon the conflict level and related party of designer or client position, respectively.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.453-457
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• 2006

This study determined the effects of several reproductive factors at prostaglandin $F_{2{\alpha}}\;(PGF_{2{\alpha}})$ administration on the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception. Three hundreds and twenty six dairy cows in seven dairy herds received a 25 mg $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ after confirming the presence of corpus luteum (CL) by ultrasonography, and the cows exhibited estrus within 7 days following $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration were artificially inseminated (AI). Two hundreds cows among the 326 cows received additional ultrasonography at $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration to measure the diameters of the largest follicle and CL on ovaries, and blood samples collected from the cows were analyzed for serum progesterone (P4) level. Cow parity, days open, body condition score (BCS), season and herd variables were recorded. Of the treated 326 cows, 171 cows (52.5%) showed estrus within 7 days after treatment, and the conception rate following AI was 37.4% (64/171). There were significant differences on the estrous exhibition ($31.3{\sim}65.8%$, p<0.01) and conception rates ($23.1{\sim}66.7%$, p<0.05) among the herds, while cow parity, days open, BCS and season did not affect the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception rates. The diameters of the largest follicle and CL on ovaries, and serum P4 level at the $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration were not related to the subsequent estrous exhibition and conception. The results indicate that the improved outcomes of synchronization of estrus using a single $PGF_{2{\alpha}}$ administration may be related to the appropriate management of the herd.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.309-313
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• 2010

The management of teeth in the line of a mandibular fracture is controversial despite the general agreement that most of these teeth can be preserved. Teeth should be retained if bony attachments are adequate for survival, the tooth is sound and important in maintaining fixation of the fractured segment of bone. Teeth should be removed if they are loose and interfere with the reduction of fragments, are devitalized and potentially a source of wound infection, are damaged beyond their usefulness or may become devital and interfere with healing by becoming infected. However, tooth removal will increase the level of trauma, extend the severity of the wound and require expensive prosthetic treatment. Therefore, it is very important to conserve infected teeth in the line of a mandibular fracture through early primary endodontic treatment (pulp extirpation, canal enlargement and canal opening drainage) and splinting. The basic principles underlying the treatment of pulpless teeth are those underlying general surgery. Therefore, debridement of the infected wound (pulp extirpation and canal enlargement), drainage (canal opening) and gentle treatment of the tissues (occlusal reduction and teeth splinting) are the principles of surgery. This is a representative case report of conservative care by the early endodontic drainage of infected teeth in the line of a mandibular fracture.