• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

Self expandable metal stent (stent) implantation of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract is now widely accepted for the palliation of obstructive symptoms caused by inoperable malignant UGI obstruction. With the technical progress and accumulation of clinical experiences, it became possible to perform the procedure easily, safely and effectively. However, clinicians should pay attention to the post-procedural care, because early or late complications such as ulceration, pain, bleeding, food impaction, perforation, migration or in-stent tumor growth could occur. In this review, several topics about stent placement in the UGI tract are discussed, such as major indications for stenting, kinds of stents, and post-procedural management.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 2014

A series of novel pseudopeptides contained coumarin skeleton were synthesized through the Ugi-four-component reaction. The 3-substituted coumarin-3-carboxamides were formed through reaction of benzaldehyde derivatives, anilines, coumarin-3-carboxylic acid and isocyanides with high yields and high bond-forming efficiency at room temperature. These novel amidated coumarins exhibit brilliant fluorescence in range of 535-547 nm in chloroform.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Radiological Science
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• 1992.10a
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• pp.119-119
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• 1992

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Radiological Science
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.98.1-98.1
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• 1997

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2533-2540
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• 2013

Background: Although screening is necessary where gastric cancer is particularly common in Asia, the performance outcomes of mass screening programs have remained unclear. This study was conducted to evaluate cost-effectiveness outcomes of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer in South Korea. Materials and Methods: People aged 40 years or over during 2002-2003 (baseline) were the target population. Screening recipients and patients diagnosed with gastric cancers were identified using the NCSP and Korea Central Cancer Registry databases. Clinical outcomes were measured in terms of mortality and life-years saved (LYS) of gastric cancer patients during 7 years based on merged data from the Korean National Health Insurance Corporation and National Statistical Office. We considered direct, indirect, and productivity-loss costs associated with screening attendance. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) estimates were produced according to screening method, sex, and age group compared to non-screening. Results: The age-adjusted ICER for survival was 260,201,000-371,011,000 Korean Won (KW; 1USD=1,088 KW) for the upper-gastrointestinal (UGI) tract over non-screening. Endoscopy ICERs were lower (119,099,000-178,700,000 KW/survival) than UGI. To increase 1 life-year, additional costs of approximately 14,466,000-15,014,000 KW and 8,817,000-9,755,000 KW were required for UGI and endoscopy, respectively. Endoscopy was the most cost-effective strategy for males and females. With regard to sensitivity analyses varying based on the upper age limit, endoscopy NCSP was dominant for both males and females. For males, an upper limit of age 75 or 80 years could be considered. ICER estimates for LYS indicate that the gastric cancer screening program in Korea is cost-effective. Conclusion: Endoscopy should be recommended as a first-line method in Korea because it is beneficial among the Korean population.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.120-124
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• 1998

The incidence of Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) in premature infants is rare, the presentation is not typical, and the diagnosis delayed due to uncertain diagnostic criteria in abdominal ultrasonography (US). We report two premature infants with HPS diagnosed by US and upper gastrointestinal (UGI) contrast study. Patient 1. A premature female infant (birth weight 1950 gm at 34 week's gestation) with the onset of intermittent vomiting at 9 days of age was evaluated. US was normal at 13 days of life, however, abnormal at 41 days of life (pyloric muscle length 16.5 mm). Patient 2. A premature male infant (birth weight 1470 gm at 29 week's gestation) with the onset of intermittent vomiting at 10 days of age was evaluated. US showed pylorospasm at 11 days of life, however, findings compatible with HPS at 57 days of life (pyloric muscle thickness 11 mm). UGI contrast study at 48 days of life showed similar findings in both cases. Both patients had undergone pyloromyotomy. In conclusion, the diagnosis of HPS in premature infants requires careful follow-up by US and UGI contrast study.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2011

This study intends to investigate patients' exact exposure doses by comparatively measuring ESD (Entrance Surface Dose) with the DAP meter, which excludes scattered rays, and ESD with the Xi multifunction meter, which includes scattered rays, by posture changes for Esophagography test and UGI test. The materialwere examined through Sonialvision-SafireII SPEC overtube system. ESD was measured by using the DAP meter, and as a tool to measure ESD including scattered rays on the plane of incidence of human phantom, the Xi multifunction meter was used. The average fluoroscopic time of Esophagography test was 4.192 minutes and the average number of images was 47.7, while the average fluoroscopic time of UGI test was 6.881 minutes and the average number of images was 37.8. The ratios of the incident dose of DAP meter and the ESD of Xi meter were calculated bydividing the fluoroscopic time and the number of images by each posture change. As for Esophagography test, the dose increased by 21.6~55.5% in the fluoroscopic test and by 4.8~24.7% in the spot test. In the front spot test, however, the does increased by as little as 5.3%. As for UGI test, the dose increased by 21.1~49.5% in the fluoroscopic test and by 10.1~34.9% in the spot test. It is expected that measuring doses in consideration of scattered rays by posture changes will be an important index in evaluating and managing patients' exact exposure doses for each test above. Furthermore, it is judged that this sort of study is inevitable and desirable to reduce patients' exposure doses after all.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.387-393
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• 2019

Background/Aims Delayed gastric emptying (GE) is associated with high morbidity and mortality in subjects with diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between GE time and the major cardiovascular events (coronary heart diseases and ischemic stroke) in diabetic subjects with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms. Methods Among 259 subjects with chronic UGI symptoms who underwent gastric emptying study (GES) over 13 years, 122 diabetic subjects without gastric surgery and/or rapid GE were enrolled in this study. We also gathered data about baseline demographics, clinical characteristics, estimated GE half-time (GE T½) and incidence of cardiovascular events following GES. Results The mean age of subjects was 64.0 ± 17.4 years. There were 86 women and 104 subjects with type 2 diabetes. There were 52 (42.6%) subjects with normal GE, 50 (41.0.%) subjects with mild delayed GE, and 20 (16.4%) subjects with marked delayed GE. During follow-up (median, 207 weeks), cardiovascular events occurred in 7 (13.5%) subjects with normal GE, 4 (8.0%) subjects with mild delayed GE and 7 (35.0%) subjects with marked GE (P = 0.015). Univariate analysis showed that GE T½ was significantly associated with incidence of cardiovascular events (crude OR, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.12-2.69; P = 0.014). In a multivariate model, association between GE T½ and incidence of cardiovascular events remained statistically significant after adjustment for baseline characteristics and comorbidities (adjusted OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.21-3.12; P = 0.006). Conclusion A delay of GE was associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic subjects with chronic UGI symptoms.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2014

Korea conducts a national health screening program to improve and check-up on public health and in recent years, the screening usage has been increased. Given the increased screening usage for radiographic exams, this study predicts the frequency of using radiographic exams and the exposure dose. This study estimates the usage of radiographic exams by isolating radiographic exams from the 2011 analysis of the national health insurance corporation, and estimates the public exposure dose by applying each procedure's dose table from UNSCEAR 2008. As a result of the analysis, in the 2011 National Health Screening, the average exposure dose per person is assumed to be 0.57 mSv, and depending on the type of screening program from the radiographic exam, an examinee could be exposed to between 0.2 mSv and 11.081 mSv. The frequency of using radiographic exposure was found to be 16,005,914 and the exposure dose was 6,311.76 person-Sv. The most frequent exam is the Chest X-ray, which was performed 1,070,567 (69.17%), and the UGI has the highest exposure dose at 5,217.94 person-Sv (82.67%). The outcome is categorized based on gender and age, excluding those under 39 years old. In all age groups, the screening usage and exposure dose are higher in females than in males. In particular, females between 50 and 54 years old have the highest screening usage (1,674,787, 10.5%) and exposure dose (701.59 person-Sv, 11.1%). As UGI accounts for 82.76% of procedures, except when done for medical purposes, if the government supports a voluntary UGI exam (which includes the UGI exam in the National Screening Program) or abolishes it completely, as seen overseas, the cost-effectiveness and validity of the UGI exam, as well as the exposure dose from the National Screening Program will all decrease significantly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

This study was conducted with examinees who chose upper gastrointestinography (UGI) among those who visited the hospital for health examination in order to improve the visitors' satisfaction with services. A questionnaire survey was conducted with the examinees, and 147 examinees who visited the hospital during the two months from May 2014 participated in the survey as the subjects of pre education examination while 164 examinees who visited during the months from July 2014 participated as the subjects of post education examination. The pre education subjects were surveyed about anxiety, need of explanation, method of explanation, satisfaction with UGI, etc., and a video was prepared based on the results and provided to the post education subjects and then they were surveyed about change in anxiety, satisfaction with the explanation in the video, helpfulness of the video, intention to watch the video again, etc. In the pre education survey, the average value of anxiety was 2.62, and the need of explanation was 2.52, In addition, 78.2% of the subjects chose guide video as a method of explanation, and satisfaction with UGI was 1.55. In the post education survey, the average value of changed anxiety was 1.45, satisfaction with video explanation was 2.80, helpfulness was 2.79, and intention to watch the video again was 2.80. In the results of T-test between the pre and post education groups, they showed statistically significant in anxiety and satisfaction (p<0.05). Moreover, the findings of this study confirmed that video education and information on UGI provided in advance reduce patients' anxiety and increase their satisfaction with examination.