• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.257-281
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• 2004

In this paper we： (1) analyze the relationship among public R＆D investment, private R＆D investment, and GDP by employing the Clangor causality test; (2) examine if there is any country-specific pattern in the relationship by testing the cases of Korea, the U.S. and Japan. We found some common results for the above countries as follows： (i) GDP causes Public R＆D, not vice versa; (ii) Private R＆D causes GDP; and (iii) Public R＆D does not cause Private R＆D. For the bivariate model of GDP and total R＆D, the results show the existence of one-way causality running from total R＆D to GDP f3r both U.S. and Japan. We also found bidirectional causal relationship between GDP and total R＆D for Korea, which could be interpreted as a typical pattern for newly industrialized countries.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

Based on the study of hydrolysis behaviour of U(Ⅵ) ion and major fission product metal ions such as Cs(Ⅰ), Ce(Ⅲ), Nd(Ⅲ), Mo(Ⅵ), Ru(Ⅱ), and ZR(Ⅳ) in the titration media, the performance of noncomplexing-alkalimetric titration method for the determination of free acid in the presence of these metal ions was investigated and its results were compared to those from the completing methods. The free acidities could be determined as low as 0.05 meq in uranium solutions in which the molar ratio of U(Ⅵ)/H+ was less than 5, when the end-point of titration was estimated by Gran plot. The biases in the determinations were less than 1% and about +3% respectively for 0.4 meq and 0.05 meq of free acid at the U(Vl)/H+ molar ratio of up to 5. Applicability of this method to the determination of free acid in spent fuel solutions was confirmed by the analysis of nitric acid content in simulated spent fuel solutions and in a real spent fuel solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.497-507
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• 2011

Ubiquitous city which was appeared since 2006 is defined as "The city provided the ubiquitous city service anytime and anywhere using ubiquitous urban infrastructure to improve the city's competitiveness and quality of life" under ubiquitous city construction law. To realize the ubiquitous city, the city has to be constructed efficiently based on the spatial information. And connection of information achieve effective synergy. In this study, applied multilateral analysis to spatial information and administrative information to implement u-service focused on MACCA(Multifunctional Administrative City Construction Agency). Study about main function and product data with connection process of Korean Land Spatialization System and administrative information System was performed. Also, details of u-service and method of acquiring necessary data were derived. In Addition, the information connection possibility for efficient u-service realization was suggested by linkage analysis method to utilize the related information infrastructure jointly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.1014-1021
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• 2004

Two thermostable xylanases, designated XynA and XynB, were purified to homogeneity from the culture supernatant of Paenibacillus sp. DG-22 by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The molecular masses of xylanases A and B were 20 and 30 kDa, respectively, as determined by SDS-PAGE, and their isoelectric points were 9.1 and 8.9, respectively. Both enzymes had similar pH and temperature optima (pH 5.0-6.5 and $70^{\circ}C$), but their stability at various temperatures differed. Xylanase B was comparatively more stable than xylanase A at higher temperatures. Xylanases A and B differed in their $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ values. XynA had a $K_m$ of 2.0 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$ of 2,553 U/mg, whereas XynB had a K_m$ of 1.2 mg/ml and a $V_{max}$, of 754 U/mg. Both enzymes were endo-acting, as revealed by their hydrolysis product profiles on birchwood xylan, but showed different modes of action. Xylotriose was the major product of XynA activity, whereas XynB produced mainly xylobiose. These enzymes utilized small oligosaccharides such as xylotriose and xylotetraose as substrates, but did not hydrolyzed xylobiose. The amino terminal sequences of XynA and XynB were determined. Xylanase A showed high similarity with low molecular mass xylanases of family 11.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.279-301
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• 2017

An L(3, 2, 1)-labeling for the graph G = (V, E) is an assignment f of a label to each vertices of G such that ${\mid}f(u)-f({\upsilon}){\mid}{\geq}4-k$ when $dist(u,{\upsilon})=k{\leq}3$. The L(3, 2, 1)-labeling number, denoted by ${\lambda}_{3,2,1}(G)$, for G is the smallest number N such that there is an L(3, 2, 1)-labeling for G with span N. In this paper, we compute the L(3, 2, 1)-labeling number ${\lambda}_{3,2,1}(G)$ when G is a cylindrical grid, which is the cartesian product $P_m{\Box}C_n$ of the path and the cycle, when $m{\geq}4$ and $n{\geq}138$. Especially when n is a multiple of 4, or m = 4 and n is a multiple of 6, then we have ${\lambda}_{3,2,1}(G)=11$. Otherwise ${\lambda}_{3,2,1}(G)=12$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1396-1405
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• 1997

This study investigated country-of-origin effects by comparatively analyzing consumer attitude toward country-of-origin of imported apparel according to apparel product attributes. Fishbein attitude model was used. The effects of consumer characteristics such as attitude of consumers toward general imported apparel and demorgraphic variables on consumer attitude toward country-of-origin were also identified. Italy, U.S.A, Japan, Hong Kong, Korea were used as country of origin. Data were obtained from male and female subjects(total 570) aged mostly 20's. Statistical analysis showed: 1) Apparel product attributes were classified into 3 factors, expressive, instrumental and brand, which are the order of importance for purchasing. 2) Consumer indicated more favorable attitude toward 'made in 'Italy' nd made in 'Korea' in each attribute factor. 'Made in Korea' roducts were evaluated highest in expressive attribute factor but less favored than 'made in Italy' n brand attribute factor. 'Made in U.S.A and made in Japan' were evaluated favorable in instrumental factor, whereas 'made in Hong Kong' had the least favorable attitude in every attribute factor. 3) The uniqueness and good quality of imported apparel appeared to be the most strong variable in predicting consumer attitude toward each country-of-origin. 4) The attitude toward country of origin was different according to sex and age.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.7-18
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• 1999

This study concerns the demand for Korean textile products in the USA, Japan, EU from 2000 to 2003. The result from the practice of study is as follows; The grand total export demand of textile product is estimated about U$7.2billion in 2000, U$8.5billion in 2003, and the annual growing rate is estimated 5.17%. The export of textile product to USA, Japan, EU, and other countries will be gradually increased from 2000 to 2003. Comparing to annual average export growing ratio, it is expected the ranks of annual average growing ratio as follows; The highest ratio is 8.35% in EU, the next 7.08% in other countries, 2.67% in Japan, and 2.51% in USA. It shows the change of the new countries to which our nation exports textile-products from the exportmarket structure of the present major export countries such as USA, Japan to EU and other nations. Also shows the same result in the export ratio by countries. The research predicts that the textile export portion will be decreased for our nation to USA and Japan while increased to EU and other countries.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.85-88
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• 2006

A fluidized bed reactor made of quartz with 0.055m I.D. and 1.0m in height was employed for the thermocatalytic decomposition of propane to produce $CO_2$-free hydrogen. The fluidized bed was proposed for the continuous withdraw of product carbons from the reactor. The propane decomposition rate used carbon black N33O as a catalyst. The propane decomposition reaction was carried out at the temperature range of $600{\sim}800^{\circ}C$, paropane gas velocity of $1.0 U_{mf}\;3.0U_{mf}$ and the operating pressure of 1.0 atm. Effect of operating parameters such as reaction temperature, gas velocity on the reaction rates was investigated. The carbon which was by-product of methane decomposition reaction was deposited on the catalyst surface that was observed by SEM. Resulting production in our experiment were not only hydrogen but also several by products such as methane, ethylene, ethane, and propylene.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.747-759
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• 2018

A graph G = (V (G), E(G) of order n = |V (G)| and size m = |E(G)| is said to be odd harmonious if there exists an injection $f:V(G){\rightarrow}\{0,\;1,\;2,\;{\ldots},\;2m-1\}$ such that the induced function $f^*:E(G){\rightarrow}\{1,\;3,\;5,\;{\ldots},\;2m-1\}$ defined by $f^*(uv)=f(u)+f(v)$ is bijection. While a bipartite graph G with partite sets A and B is said to be bigraceful if there exist a pair of injective functions $f_A:A{\rightarrow}\{0,\;1,\;{\ldots},\;m-1\}$ and $f_B:B{\rightarrow}\{0,\;1,\;{\ldots},\;m-1\}$ such that the induced labeling on the edges $f_{E(G)}:E(G){\rightarrow}\{0,\;1,\;{\ldots},\;m-1\}$ defined by $f_{E(G)}(uv)=f_A(u)-f_B(v)$ (with respect to the ordered partition (A, B)), is also injective. In this paper we prove that odd harmonious graphs and bigraceful graphs are equivalent. We also prove that the number of distinct odd harmonious labeled graphs on m edges is m! and the number of distinct strongly odd harmonious labeled graphs on m edges is [m/2]![m/2]!. We prove that the Cartesian product of strongly odd harmonious trees is strongly odd harmonious. We find some new disconnected odd harmonious graphs.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC; EC 4.1.4.50), a key enzyme for polyamines biosynthesis, was tightly regulated for homeostatic levels. Carnation SAMDC gene (CSDC9) has an small upstream open reading frame (uORF) of 54 amino acids in 5'-leader sequence. To explore the functional mechanism of uORFs in controlling translation, we used a GUS reporter gene driven with the 35S promoter and uORF region of SAMDC gene for making transgenic tobacco plants. In our experiment, there were a translational inhibition of its downstream GUS ORF by SAMDC uORF sequence or SAMDC uORF protein. Expecially, translational inhibition was most effective in point-mutated construct, in which the start codon was changed. Therefore, this results suggested the ribosomal stalling might be involved in this translational inhibitory process. The frame shift in amino acid sequence of SAMDC uORF with start codon and stop codon resulted in a moderate increasing in GUS activity, suggesting the native amino acid sequence was important for a function as a translational inhibitor. Also, we showed that the production of GUS protein was significantly inhibited in the presence of the small uORF using histochemical analysis of GUS expression in seedlings and tobacco flowers. Importantly, the small uORF sequence induced a real peptide of 5.7 kDa, which was provided the presence of SAMDC uORF peptide band using an in vitro transcription/translation system. The peptide product of uORF might interact with other components of translational machinery as well as polyamines, which was resulted from that polyamine treatment was inhibited GUS protein band in SDS-PAGE experiment.