• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.153-160
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate needs and satisfaction on the medical services of cancer patients in Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Methods: Total 174 cancer patients, who visited at the clinic of Jeju National University Hospital, submitted informed consent and participated in this study from July 13 to July 30, 2009. Self questionnaire was used and data were analyzed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Participants expressed the needs of most economical support (3.38 out of 4), followed by counseling of treatment plan (3.22), information of disease (3.07), and disease management except cancer (2.97). Participants were satisfied most with religious counseling (3.41), followed by nursing service support (3.39), employment counseling (3.26), and counseling for family or interpersonal relationships (3.26). The satisfaction of economical support was the lowest (1.98). Satisfaction of men was higher than women, and needs in patients who were living with children was the highest. Patients who were living alone or with children showed the lowest satisfaction about the medical services. There were no significant differences in the general characteristics, however, participants who were older than 60 years of age or had higher income showed lower needs and higher satisfaction. There were no significant differences in the medical characteristics, however, thyroid cancer patients and patients who were treated with radiation therapy or transarterial embolization showed low satisfaction. Conclusion: Cancer patients seemed to need more economical support, information of treatment or disease, and symptom management. Furthermore, there were various needs about the services, depending on family formation or economical support of patients. Therefore, it is certain that patients who were suffering from other cancers, except the 5 major cancers, needed more services. In conclusion, continuous and systemic policy to consider patient's characteristics and needs are needed in community as well as health care system.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.142-149
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• 2002

Low-viscosity composite resins may produce better sealed margins than stiffer compositions (KempScholte and Davidson, 1988: Crim, 1989). Plowable composites have been recommended for use in Class V cavities but it is also controversial because of its high rates of shrinkage. On the other hand, in the study comparing elastic moduli and leakage, the microfill had the least leakage (Rundle et at. 1997) Furthermore, in the 1996 survey of the Reality Editorial Team, microfills were the clear choice for abfraction lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of 6 compostite resins (2 hybrids, 2 microfills, and 2 flowable composites) with and without load cycling. Notch-shaped Class V cavities were prepared on buccal surface of 180 extracted human upper premolars on cementum margin. The teeth were randomly divided into non-load cycling group (group 1) and load cycling group (group 2) of 90 teeth each. The experimental teeth of each group were randomly divided into 6 subgroups of 15 samples. All preparations were etched, and Single bond was applied. Preparations were restored with the following materials (n=15) : hybrid composite resin [Z250(3M Dental Products Inc. St. Paul, USA), Denfil(Vericom, Ahnyang, Korea)], microfill [Heliomolar RO(Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Micronew(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA)], and flowable composite［AeliteFlo(Bisco Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA), Revolution(Kerr Corp. Orange, CA, USA)]. Teeth of group 2 were subjected to occlusal load (100N for 50,000 cycles) using chewing simulator(MTS 858 Mini Bionix II system, MTS Systems Corp. Minn. USA). All samples were coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in 2％ methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with a diamond wheel. Enamel and dentin/cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on a sclale of 0 (no leakage) to 3 (3/3 of wall). Results were statistically analyzed by Kruscal-Wallis One way analysis, Mann-Whitney U-test, and Student-Newmann-Keuls method. (p = 0.05) Results : 1. There was significantly less microleage in enamel margins than dentinal margins of all groups (p＜0.05) 2. There was no significant between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 1. 3. In dentin margin of group 1, flowable composite had more microleakage than others but not of significant differences. 4. there was no significant difference between six composite resin in enamel margin of group 2. 5. In dentin margin of group 2, the microleakage were R＞A =H=M＞D＞Z. But there was no significant differences. 6. In enamel margins, load cycling did not affect the marginal microleakage in significant degree. 7. In enamel margins, load cycling did affect the marginal microleakage only in Revolution. (p＜0.05).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2004

This pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of systematic variation application of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn on forage performance of orchardgrass and white clover. The treatments of systematic variation were 0/100, 25/75, 50/50, 75/25, and $100/0\%$ in the Fe/Cu(trial-1), Mn/Zn(trial-2), and Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn(trial-3), respectively. The treatments of Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn(trial-4) were composed of $70\%$ in main element and $10\%$ in other 3 elements, respectively. 1. By the systematic variations of Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn, the yields were more significantly influenced in white clover than in orchardgrass. In addition, the yields of white clover were closely correlated to the trends of root/nodule growth and flowering. In the Fe/Cu trial, the relatively high yields were obtained at the $100/0\%$ in orchardgrass and at the $75/25\%$ in white clover. The yields of white clover were more negatively influenced by the 100/0(Cu control) than by the 0/100(Fe control). The yields of orchardgrass, however, tended to be opposite to the above trends. 2. In the Mn/Zn trial, both forages showed generally high yields at the high ratios of Mn/Zn. Compared with orchardgrass, the yields of white clover were greatly decreased by the Mn-deficiency(low ratio of Mn/Zn). The effects of Zn on forage yields, however, were not recognized. 3. In the Fe+Cu/Mn+Zn trial, the yields of orchardgrass tended to be slightly different among the treatments. The yields of white clover, however, were relatively' high at the 75/25, and showed a severe decrease at the 100/0 in the 2nd half cuts. In the Fe/Mn/Cu/Zn trial, the yields of white clover tended to be relatively high at the Cu and Zn treatments. It was likely to be caused by the balanced Fe/Mn ratio.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

This study investigated the enzyme histochemical localization and characteristics of lactate (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) related with the oxidation-reduction metabolism in the sparganum and adult of 5. erinacei. By enzyme histochemical assay, activity of LDH was strong in the tegument and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult and sparganum. Activity of MDH was strong in the tegument of the sparganum and subtegumental muscle layers of the adult. However it was weak in the tegument of the adult. By electrophoresis, 45 kDa band was major and common in LDH of adults and spargana. The 150 kDa molecule was the major and common band in MDH of adults and r -spargana (from experimentally infected rats) . By isoelectrofocusing, isoelectric points (Pl) or 4 MDH isogyme from adult worm were 6.0.6.5, 6.7 and 7.1, respectively. Pl 6.0 was the major band. The active range of pH for MDH was about pH 6-8 and the optimum pH was pH 7 The effective temperature on the MDH was about $30^{\circ}C$∼$50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum temperature was about 40℃ in spargana md adult worm. In the stability against heat, when MDH was heated at 85℃ for 10 seconds, the activity was denatured perfectly. Maximum activity or MDH was 19.4 unit in the s-sparganum (from snakes), 24.5 unit in the r-sparganum (from rats) and 108.0 unit in the adult worm. The maximum activity was higher in adults than in spargana. The present result showed us that the nutrients absorbed through the tegument were transferred into inner tissues and were utilized as the source of metabolism. According to the habitat of the parasite, the isozymes of LDH and MDH are activated differently, and by this different activation the sparganum and adult can adapt themselves to parasitic circumstances.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine dental personnels' concern for health, their personal protection manner, and whether or not they were inoculated against hepatitis B and made an inquiry of patients about that. It's ultimately meant to serve as a basis for the preparation of an anti-infection guide for the protection of dental personnels against all sorts of infectious diseases. After a survey was conducted from March 29 through May 9, 2001, the following findings were obtained: (1) The dental personnel group that had worked for 5 to less than 7 years took health examination the most, with 71.4%, before joining the hospital, and 61.5% of those who had served for 9 years or more, the greatest percentage, took medical checkup after joining the hospital(P<0.05). (2) The largest percentage of being inoculated against the anti-B type hepatitis after employment was 71.4% of the dental personnels over 35, and 57.7% of those with 9-year or more working experiences. Therefore, their age and service term made a significant difference(P<0.05). (3) There was no significant gap in personal protection practices between the dental hygienists and nurse aids(P>0.05). But the use of safety goggles for treatment was not properly done, with just 1.48 on the basis of 3 points, whereas the use of mask was scored 2.40 and the use of gloves was scored 1.96. (4) After a narcotic was used once, the leftovers were wasted by 89.7% of the dental hygienists and 70.0% of the nurse aids. More dental hygienists wasted them(P<0.05). (5) For hand washing, antibiotic liquid soap was used by 19.3% of the dental hygienists and 10.0% of the nurse aids, which were both very low percentage. And just 37.2% of the dental hygienists utilized a disposable paper towel to dry their hands, and only 36.0% of the nurse aids used the same(P<0.05).

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine how dental hygienists health management and to what extent they used medical care services due to occupational diseases. It's ultimately attempted to improve the health care of dental hygienists and promote their health. After relevant literature and data were reviewed, a survey was conducted for five months from June through October, 2003. The subjects in this study were 160 dental hygienists who worked at dental hospital and clinics across the nation. And the collected data were analyzed. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) Concerning job-related health education experience, 83.1 percent, the greatest rate, had no experience to receive education, and the type of service made a significance difference to that(p<0.05). (2) As to in-house medical examination, 98.6 percent felt the need for medical examination, and 56.3 percent had ever their bodies examined. Their health examination experience was significantly different according to age(p<0.01), marital status(p<0.01), type of service(p<0.01), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.01). (3) Concerning how much they used hospitals after working as dental hygienists, 85.6 percent, the biggest group, had no experience to be hospitalized, and that was significantly different according to age(p<0.05), type of service(p<0.05), career(p<0.01) and yearly income(p<0.05). 51.9 percent had no experience to receive treatment as outpatients, and their career(p<0.01) made a significant difference to that. (4) As for how to cope with casual diseases, 34.4 percent, the largest group, visited pharmacies, and 32.5 percent, the next largest group, saw the doctors. In regard to herb restorative, 68.1 percent had no experience to take herb restorative, and that experience varied significantly with age(p<0.01), career(p<0.05) and annual income(p<0.01).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.10D no.6
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• pp.885-896
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• 2003

The typws of service using location Information are being various and extending their domain as wireless internet tochnology is developing and its application par is widespread, so it is prospected that LBS(Location-Based Services) will be killer application in wireless internet services. This location information is basic and high value-added information, and this information services make prior GIS(Geographic Information System) to be useful to anybody. The acquisition of this location information from moving object is very important part in LBS. Also the interfacing of acquisition of moving object between MODB and telecommunication network is being very important function in LBS. After this, when LBS are familiar to everybody, we can predict that LBS system load is so heavy for the acquisition of so many subscribers and vehicles. That is to say, LBS platform performance is fallen off because of overhead increment of acquiring moving object between MODB and wireless telecommunication network. So, to make stable of LBS platform, in this MODB system, acquisition of moving object location par as reducing the number of acquisition of unneccessary moving object location. We study problems in acquiring a huge number of moving objects location and design some acquisition model using past moving patternof each object to reduce telecommunication overhead. And after implementation these models, we estimate performance of each model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 1980

This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii. The changes of such compounds as amino acids, nucleotides and their related compounds, betaine, TMAO and TMA during fermentation were analyzed. IMP, AMP, ADP and ATP were decreased, while hypoxanthine was increased during the fermentation. The content of hypoxanthine in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days was increased to about 2 times of that in raw entrails. In the free amino acid composition of raw entrails, abundant amino acids were lysine, glutamic acid, valine, alanine, threonine, serine, leucine and glycine in order. Such amino acids as arginine, tyrosine and phenylalanine were lower than 2.0% of total free amino acid, and proline and cysteine were detected in trace amount. The changes in free amino acid composition of the extract in entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii during fermentation were not observed. Such amino acids as lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine and leucine were especially abundant in both raw and fermented products. The content of total free amino acids in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Osdeckii after 50 days were increased to about 12 times of that in raw. The content of betaine nitrogen were about 14.5 (moisture and salt free base) after 50 days of fermentation. TMAO nitrogen was decreased during the fermentation. It is believed that lysine, glutamic acid, valine, serine, leucine and hypoxanthine play an important role as taste compounds in fermented entrails of Clupanodon Oseckii.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.121-129
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• 2015

The platinum anode for the electrolytic reduction process is generally surrounded by a nonporous ceramic shroud with an open bottom to offer a path for $O_2$ gas produced on the anode surface and prevent the corrosion of the electrolytic reducer. However, the $O^{2-}$ ions generated from the cathode are transported only in a limited fashion through the open bottom of the anode shroud because the nonporous shroud hinders the transport of the $O^{2-}$ ions to the anode surface, which leads to a decrease in the current density and an increase in the operation time of the process. In the present study, we demonstrate the electrolytic reduction of 1 kg-uranium oxide ($UO_2$) using the porous shroud to investigate its long-term stability. The $UO_2$ with the size of 1~4mm and the density of $10.30{\sim}10.41g/cm^3$ was used for the cathode. The platinum and 5-layer STS mesh were used for the anode and its shroud, respectively. After the termination of the electrolytic reduction run in 1.5 wt.% $Li_2O-LiCl$ molten salt, it was revealed that the U metal was successfully converted from the $UO_2$ and the anode and its shroud were used without any significant damage.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 2007

A nationwide survey on acute appendicitis (AAP) was undertaken among members of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons. The members were required to complete a questionnaire and the case registration form for each patient during the 6 months period from the $1^{st}$ October, 2005 to $31^{st}$ March, 2006. Questionnaires were collected from 23 members. Four hundred seventy six patients were registered from 21 hospitals where the members were working. The male to female ratio was 1.67:1. Average age was 9 years and 5 months (range 21 months-20 years). Operations were performed on average 10.4 hours (range 1-230 hours) from arrival at hospital. The average operation time was 59.1 minutes. The average admission days were 5.8 days (range 2-45 days). The most frequent symptoms were abdominal pain (95.1 %), vomiting (50.6 %) and fever (43.7%). The average duration of symptoms was 42.2 hours (range 1 hour-22 days). Leukocytosis (WBC count > 10,000) was found in 85.9%. The most popular diagnostic tools were ultrasonography and CT. Open surgery was performed in 72.1 % and laparoscopic surgery in 27.5 %. Two laparoscopic surgeries were converted to open surgery (0.4 %). Simple appendicitis was found in 54.5 % and complicated appendicitis such as abscess, gangrenous change and perforation in 45.5%. According to the questionnaires 12 hospitals were performing open surgery only in all patients. Four hospitals were performing laparoscopic surgery in all patients. Seven hospitals are performing both surgical methods according to surgeon or occasion. Regarding the use of antibiotics in acute appendicitis, three kinds of antibiotics were used in 40 % of total simple appendicitis patients. The results showed the trend of management in acute appendicitis in Korea. Especially it is necessary for the members to discuss the use of antibiotics for prophylaxis in the simple appendicitis.