• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2022

Scrophularia koraiensis Nakai (S. koraiensis) has used its roots as traditional herbal medicine. Some research is reported to be effective in allergic inflammation and osteoporosis. In a present study, we conducted to investigate the bioactivity of the ethanol extract of S. koraiensis (ESK) on the inhibition of melanogenesis and the apoptosis of melanocytes. We analyzed Harpagoside of ESK by using LCMS and HPLC-PDA and investigated the regulation of ESK on reactive oxygen species. Also, the expressions of melanin synthesis-related factors and apoptosis-related factors were confirmed. As a result, the quantification results of quercetin and rutin in ESK were 77.2 and 7.4 mg/g. IC₅₀ on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity is 33.1 and 9.5 ug/mL. ESK attenuated not only the expression of tyrosinase, TYRP-1, TYRP-2, and MITF in melanogenesis. It is thought that ESK may be effective in the inhibition of melanogenesis through MAPK cell signaling pathway in melanocytes. These study results suggest that ESK has the ability to inhibit melanin production and induce apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.87-92
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated anti-oxidation and whitening effects of Ligularia stenocephala extract for use as the cosmeceuticals. L. stenocephala was extracted by three different solvents which was n-Hexane, ethyl acetate, $H_{2}O$. The free radical (1,l-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 10.512ug/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 31.877ug/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 129.194ug/mL). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity of extract of L. stenocephala was in the order: ethyl acetate fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.230mg/mL) > ethyl acetate fraction of stem ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.528mg/mL) > $H_{2}O$ fraction of leaf ($IC_{50}$ value of 0.799mg/mL). Tyrosinase inhibition activity of L. stenocephala extracts was reduced 29.477% on ethyl acetate fraction of leaf, 13.583% on ethyl acetate fraction of stems. Therefore, L. stenocephala extracts may be useful as a new antioxidant and whitening agent to inhibit melanogenesis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.570-578
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• 2009

The present study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green tea at different harvest time. The leaves were collected in late March(Ilro), early April(Okro and Ujeon), late April(Sejak), and early May(Eoksu and Hanra). The total polyphenol content of Sejak was highest (28.87mg TAE/g). Electron donating abilities toward $\alpha$,$\alpha$-diphenyl-$\beta$-picyryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical were approximately 80%. SOD-like activities were above 30%, where ujeon showed the highest activity ($38.95{\pm}0.96%$). The nitrite scavenging ability was pH-dependent and shown to be highest at pH 1.2, and lowest at pH 6.0. The inhibitory effects against the angiotensin I converting enzyme were over 85%, except for Okro ($58.22{\pm}4.66%$) and Hanra ($77.96{\pm}3.83%$). The tyrosinase inhibition rate increased with harvest time. Okro showed the highest caffeine content ($3.86{\pm}0.32%$) and had the highest antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium. The combined results of this work revealed that the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of green tea were independent of harvest time.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 2008

All the seeds of rape (Brassica napus) sprout vegetables were germinated within three days after seeding irrelevant to the light colors. The total fresh weight of rape sprout vegetables at 6 days after seeding have been increased when grown under green and white color lights by 0.339g/10plants and 0.339g/10plants compared with the control. The total flavonoid contents in rape sprouts were increased under red and blue lights by 72.5 and 70.9mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. Those DPPH radical scavenging activities at 2,000mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$ were increased by 90.0 and 90.3% which were sprouted and grown under blue and white lights. Nitrite radical scavenging activity of sprouts were most decreased compared with the control when grown under the red light by 57.4mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$. And mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of rape sprouts was extremely increased under the green light by 22.5mg${\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.1740-1746
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the nutritional and functional constituents as well as quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of Korean cultivated wild ginseng (KG). The chemical compositions and amino acid content of KG were 7.56% water, 73.01% carbohydrates, 12.58% protein, 1.99% lipids, and 5.54% ash as well as 16.17 mg/g of amino acids, respectively. The major ginsenoside and minor ginsenoside contents of KG were 15.94 mg/g and 0.04 mg/g, respectively. The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of KGE (Korean cultivated wild ginseng with 70% ethanol extract) were 8.93 mg GAE/g and 3.96 mg RHE/g, respectively. KGE also showed higher antioxidant activity than the other extracts (KGW, Korean cultivated wild ginseng with water extract) with regard to DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities (57.75% and 70.73%, respectively), nitrite oxide scavenging activity (44.01%), SOD-like activity (78.05%), reducing power activity ($1.08OD_{700nm}$), and ferrous ion-chelating activity (65.33%). Additionally, KGE had higher elastase, collagenase, and tyrosinase inhibition activities than KGW. These results suggest that KGE can be used as a bioactive and functional material in the food industry.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.791-795
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• 2001

This study was conducted to develop a new biomaterial to be used for skin whitening. The melanin elimination effect of chondroitin sulfate and phelinus linteus mushroom in rabbit back skin were evaluated. Rabbit dorsum was exposed to chronic UV irradiation(320nm) once daily for 30 days after initial melanin injection (100mg/kg). And then, chondroitin sulfate and phelinus linteus mushroom at dose of 0.7g for 30days were applied on the zone. The dorsal skin was histologically examined. Furthermore, we investigated free-radical extinction effect, antioxidation and tyrosinase activity inhibition effects. The histological study indicated that chondroitin sulfate and phelinus linteus mushroom decreasd melanine pigment significantly. As a result, chondroitin sulfate and phelinus linteus mushroom have a remarkable effect on the skin whitening by melanin elimination.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 2021

The heat-mediated reflux apparatus extraction of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been widely used as a traditional extraction method. In this paper, the microwave apparatus extraction method of Paeonia Radix was performed and the active ingredients and functional constituents were compared with the reference extraction method. The most effective extraction condition of albiflorin using the microwave was 120℃ in 50% methanol, and paeoniflorin was maximally extracted at 60℃. The reduced level of paeoniflorin molecule at high-pressure and high-temperature extraction condition was caused by the molecular instability. Additionally, the microwave extraction of 50% methanol extracts at 150℃ showed the highest functional constituents determined by in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity, polyphenol concentration, and tyrosinase inhibition assay. The microwave apparatus was adapted as a rapid, low-cost, and environmentally friendly method to extract active ingredients and the practical extraction conditions of Paeonia Radix can be used in industrial applications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2011

This study was conducted to compare biological activity of browning compounds from fresh, red and black garlic. Water soluble browning compounds were separated from fresh, red and black garlic by dialysis membrane. Antioxidation and other biological activities of freeze dried inner and outer parts from garlics were compared. pH of fresh and red garlic dialysis solutions were higher in inner part of membrane, but black garlic dialysis solution showed reverse tendency. Browning intensities of all tested samples were higher in outer part of dialysis solutions. In inner part dialysis solutions, contents of total phenol compounds were the lowest in red garlic while their contents were the highest in black garlic and thereafter, were the highest in inner part of dialysis solution made from red garlic. Flavonoids content was the highest in inner part of red garlic dialysis solution. Total pyruvate content was higher in outer part of fresh and red garlic dialysis solution which showed the opposite results in black garlic. Total thiosulfate content was the highest in black garlic, red garlic and fresh garlic in order. Antioxidant activities have some similarities among garlic products. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher in inner part of fresh and black garlic and outer part of red garlic. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was higher in browning compounds of red garlic than fresh and black garlic. $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibition activity of tested samples were higher in inner part of dialysis solution than outer part, and showed higher activity in red garlic than fresh garlic at low sample concentrations.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.168-173
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• 2008

This study was conducted to determine biological characteristics of Acorus calamus L. angustatus by using aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts from the leaves and the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. angustatus plants. The highest total phenol contents were found in the extracts from the leaves of Acorus calamus L. angustatus ($68.4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) followed by rhizome ($49.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). At $1,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ the free radical scavenging activity of 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl showed the highest activity in the extracts of the leaves and the rhizomes by 86.3% and 86.1%, respectively. Total flavonoid contents at $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ extracts showed the greatest amount in the aqueous leaf extracts ($61.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$), and the ethanol rhizome extracts ($15.4mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). Nitrite radical scavenging activity at $2,000mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was highest in the methanol extracts from leaves and rhizomes by 75.7% and 77.9%, respectively. Mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity of leaves and rhizome from the Acorus calamus L. angustatus was very low, showing less than 1.3% regardless of the extract solvent, plant part, and concentration. These results indicated that methanol extracts from leaves exhibited higher biological activities than other extracts from rhizomes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.493-497
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• 2002

The polyphenol compounds of Korea ginseng radix were extracted with 60% acetone for 4 days at room temperature and purified using Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, MCI gel column chromatography, Bondapak $C_{18}$, column chromatography, TLC and HPLC. As a result in three compounds were isolated from Korean ginseng. In the inhibitory activities of angiotensin converting enzyme, compound Ⅱ showed the highest value of 31.86% inhibition at 157 ppm. Compound I showed 19.4% inhibition at 157 ppm. In the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase, compound I, II showed complete inhibition at 666 ppm but compound III didn't have inhibitory activity. In the inhibitory activities of tyrosninase, compound III showed 6.1% inhibition at 300 ppm and 28.6% at 400 ppm.