• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the antioxidant, whitening and anti-inflammatory effects of 12 species of wild mushrooms in Jeju Island. Their anti-oxidative effects were measured by the free radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and tyrosinase inhibitory activities were determined for the whitening effect. In addition, inhibitory activities of NO production for anti-inflammation were investigated. As a result, Elfvingia applanata extract and Fomitopsidaceae sp. extracts showed higher free radical scavenging activities ($FSC_{50}$; $74.8{\mu}g/mL$, $182.6{\mu}g/mL$, respectively) than other extracts. Elfvingia applanata extract ($IC_{50}$; $346.8{\mu}g/mL$) showed higher activity than the Arbutin ($IC_{50}$; $421.6{\mu}g/mL$) on tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Elfvingia applanata extract and Daedaleopsis styracina extract showed anti-inflammatory activity of 74.1% and 62.9% respectively, at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. Furthermore, the extracts inhibited NO production in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, we evaluated the biological activities of 12 species of wild mushrooms in Jeju Island, Elfvingia applanata, Fomitopsidaceae sp. and Daedaleopsis styracina could have the functional effects as a cosmetic raw material.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2024

In this study, the various whitening activities of Inonotus obliquus were assessed for potential use as functional cosmetic materials. When measuring electron donating ability to confirm the antioxidant ability of I. obliquus extract, increased activity was observed as the concentration increased, and it was found an outstanding antioxidant capacity of 82.1% at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration. Also, the tyrosinase inhibitory effect, related to a whitening effect, was found to have inhibitory activity that increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of verifying the viability of melanoma cells (B16F10) using an MTT assay showed cell viability of more than 80% at concentrations below 100 ㎍/ml. Therefore, cell-related experiments were conducted at 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml concentrations. By measuring protein expression related to melanin synthesis via treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that protein expression was inhibited in all factors, depending on the concentration. TRP-1 and MITF appeared by 40.1% and 64.2% amount of expression, respectively, at 100 ㎍/ml concentrations, and tyrosinase and TRP-2 were verified as having better protein expression inhibition than arbutin. In measuring mRNA expression related to melanin synthesis by treating B16F10 cells with I. obliquus extract, it was confirmed that mRNA expression was suppressed as the concentration increased. Accordingly, it was confirmed that I. obliquus extract has excellent whitening activity and could be used as a cosmetic material.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.975-979
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• 2003

Perilla leaves cultivated in greenhouses (Jan., May) and in the fields (Aug.) of Geumsan province were investigated for their extract yields and physiological functionalities. The yield was highest in 30% ethanol extracts of the August perilla leaves. The highest fibrinolytic activity (8.2 U) was observed in 30% ethanol extracts of the May perilla leaves, while the HMG-CoA reductase inhibition level, which is related to the inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, was 83% in water extracts of the August perilla leaves. Anti-hypertensive ACE inhibitory activity was 64.5% in the water extracts of the January perilla leaves, and antioxidative electron donating ability was the highest (69%) in 30% ethanol extracts of the August perilla leaves. Elastase inhibitory activity, which is related to the inhibition of skin aging, was highest (47.5%) in 30% ethanol extracts of the May perilla leaves. However, SOD-like activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity were not detected were very weak in all samples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.684-690
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• 2008

To investigate the applicability of hot water extract (PLW) and ethanol extract (PLE) from Phellinus linteus as functional food and cosmeceutical materials, its total flavonoids content, total phenolics content, electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite-scavenging ability (NSA), SOD-like activity, inhibitory effect of tyrosinase and elastase were examined. Total flavonoids contents of PLW and PLE were 17.31 mg/g and 42.61 mg/g, respectively, and total phenolics contents were estimated as 149.92 mg/g for PLW and 432.42 mg/g for PLE. The EDA of PLW and PLE were $6.49{\sim}92.98%$ and $22.61{\sim}94.28%$. The EDA and total phenolics contents had a high correlation of 0.83. The NSA was pH dependent, and was highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The NSA of PLE was higher than that of PLW. The SOD-like activities of PLW and PLE were $14.36{\sim}35.21%$ and $17.27{\sim}81.84%$, respectively, and the activity was dependent on the sample concentration. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity was the highest in PLE ($10.51{\sim}80.93%$) while that of PLW was $4.77{\sim}43.69%$. Finally, the elastase inhibitory activity was $10.01{\sim}76.02%$ at PLE. Based on the above results, we deemed that the ethanol extract of Phellinus linteus was the most pertinent for use as functional food and cosmeceutical materials.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.388-393
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• 2003

Citrus peel extract was prepared using 70％ ethanol solution by two extraction conditions (20$^{\circ}C$ for 72 hours and 85$^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours). The effect of gamma-irradiation on the changes of physiological activity also investigated at 0, 5, 10 and 20 kGy of absorbed doses. Color characteristics, DPPH radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition and nitrite scavenging activities of the extracts were measured at 41$^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Color values were different by extraction methods at the initial stage, which heat-extracted sample had lower L$\^$＊/ - but higher a$\^$＊/ - and b$\^$＊/ -values than those extracted at room temperature. Irradiation changed color of the extract lighter by increasing Hunter color L$\^$＊/ - and a$\^$＊/ -values. DPPH radical scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition and nitrite scavenging activities were not affected by either extraction methods or irradiation but significantly reduced by storage time. Therefore, when the cost-effective extraction methods is selected, the citrus peel extracts, which is a major byproduct in citrus processing, could be used as a functional material in various applications.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot, a green alga of the Codiales family, has been reported to have several bioactive properties, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its antiobesity and whitening effects and their underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the antiobesity and melanogenesis inhibitory effects of C. fragile using methanol extracts of C. fragile (MECF). The results of this study revealed that MECF inhibited the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which was associated with the inhibition of the expression of adipogenesis-related transcription factors, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα), and C/EBPβ, which function as the key regulators of adipogenesis. Also, MECF reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin content in B16F10 cells as well as the expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1), TRP-2, and microphthalmia-related transcription factor in the presence of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone. Taken together, our findings suggest that the extract of C. fragile could be considered a promising functional ingredient for the prevention and treatment of obesity and skin pigmentation in the food and cosmetic industry.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2008

Objectives : To estimate the value of the Gyungokgo as therapeutic agent preventing against aging with an analysis of the ingredients and the bio-activating effects by enzymologic methods. Methods : A quantitative analysis of general ingredients' of the Gyungokgo's extract was done first. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the physiological activity measurement of function experiment. Results : The contained hydrolyzed amino acid is Valine, Aspartic acid, Arginine, Isoleucine and the contained free amino acid is Arginine, Phenylalanine, Valine, Glycine. The derivative of free amino acid is Phosphoserine, Carnocine, ${\gammer}$-Aminoisobutyric acid. And the Gyungokgo contains 14 species of minerals, K>Na>Ca>Mg>Fe>Al>Mn. Then, to assure of the Gyungokgo's anti-oxidation, these following subjects -polyphenol, electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibation- are analyzed and show high activity especially the most in chloroform extracts, (every ingredients written by the order of high amount) Conclusions : The Gyungokgo contains many materials functioning as anti-oxidation, neurotransmitter, anti-fatigue and immune agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1338-1345
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• 2012

This study investigated the antioxidant activities, whitening effects, and antimicrobial activities of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract. Total polyphenolic contents of fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract were 116.44~382.73 mg/g GAE (gallic acid equivalent), with the highest value in the ethyl acetate fraction. Fractions of Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin showed the highest DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$=0.04 mg/mL) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (98.86% at 0.5 mg/mL), which was similar to ascorbic acid. Further, reducing power and FRAP activity were significantly high in the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions showed significantly high SOD-like activities (1 mg/mL, 86.93%, and 78.23%, respectively) compared to other fractions. Tyrosinase inhibition activities of the n-butanol fraction and 80% ethanol extract were 43.52% and 41.64%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli was only observed in the chloroform fraction (16.7 mm in 0.5 mg/disc). These results suggest that fractions from Pleurospermum kamtschaticumin extract show comparatively high antioxidant activity and thus could be used as a food additive or cosmeceutical ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1997

It has been observed that local increase in melanin synthesis or uneven distribution can cause local hyperpigmintation or spot. Pigmentary disorders are caused by various factors, including inflammation, imbalance of hormones, and genetic disorder. Recently the harmfulness of Ultraviolet radiation is increasing due to destruction of ozone layer. Excessive exposure to UV radiation caused post-inflammatory pigmentation. Most women want to avoid uneven skin pigmentation. To satisfy this desire many cosmetic companies have been developing melanogenesis inhibitors and finding promising active agents for use in cosmetic preparations for skin whitening. In cosmetic preparations, many inhibitors such as kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, and licorice extracts6 have been used as whitening purpose. Plant extracts having an inhibitory effect on melanin formation may be a good choice for cosmetic purpose because of their relatively lower side effects. Therefore, we screened 285 plant extracts for their inhibitory activity in tyrosinase. Of the plant extracts, ramulus mori extracts showed potent tyrosinase inhibition activity. We also identified the active compound in the extract.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2013

Silkworm-derived silk materials which contain 45 to 55% protein (18 amino acids, including 8 essential amino acids) have free radical-scavenging activities. In the present study, we investigated the whitening and anti-aging effects of silkworm gland under various conditions with B16F1 melanoma cells and human dermal fibroblasts. To evaluate the toxicity of soluble gland hydrolysate (SGH), mouse-derived B16F1 melanoma cells were treated with 0.2~5 mg/mL, cytotoxicity was not observed at all concentrations. The tyrosinase and elastase activities were significantly decreased as dosage levels of SGH increased. In addition, cell death was decreased by treated with SGH and antioxidative activity was the most effective in the SGH treatment. These findings suggest that SGH may be used as a potential functional biomaterial in having the skin whitening effect and anti-aging activity by inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activities.