• 대한토목학회논문집
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.331-340
• /
• 2021

본 논문은 비예측 극한하중인 폭발하중에 노출된 RC building 구조물의 폭발손상평가를 위한 수치해석적 연구이다. 수치해석의 효율성 및 정확성을 높이기 위해, 폭발하중에 대한 정의, 유체-구조 연성을 위한 Euler-Lagrange 커플링 기법 적용, 그리고 고변형률 속도가 고려된 콘크리트 및 강재 재료구성모델이 제안된다. 특히 효율적인 폭발하중 정의를 위해, Euler-FCT 기법을 통하여 TNT 질량에 따른 시간별 압력하중 데이터가 확보되고, 이는 RC building 구조물 총 7 지점의 폭발위치에 적용되며, ANSYS-AUTODYN 솔버에 연결되어 수치 시뮬레이션이 수행된다. 해석결과, TNT 질량 및 폭발 위치에 따라 손상 차이가 발생하였으며, 먼저 TNT 질량 20 kg 일 경우 3 곳의 폭발손상 지점에서 주부재 중 슬래브에서만 중간 및 가벼운 손상이 발생되었고, TNT 질량 100 kg 일 경우 5 곳의 폭발손상 지점 중 3 곳은 슬래브 및 보 부재에서 중간 손상이 발생되었으며, 2 곳은 슬래브에서 심각한 손상이 발생되었다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.99-105
• /
• 2019

This study presents an experimental investigation of the wear and oxidation of the bristles of a brush seal in a super-heated steam environment. We construct a model reflecting normal force and radial interference to predict the amount of wear. To monitor the volume loss of the bristle induced by the swirl phenomenon of the rotor, we measure the clearance between the rotor and the brush seal by using a non-contact 3-D device. We calculate the area by using the area-wise measurement method. Considering the obvious brush seal wear variables, we use two disks with different roughness($Ra=0.1{\mu}m$ and $100{\mu}m$) to determine the effect of roughness on wear. Considering an actual steam turbine, we utilize a steam generator and super-heater to generate a working fluid (0.95MPa, 523.15K) that has high kinetic energy. We observe the abrasion of the bristles in the hot steam environment through a scanning electron microscope image. This study also conducted energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis for a qualitative evaluation of local chemistry. The results indicate that the wear and elimination of bristles occur on the disk with high roughness, and the weight increases due to oxidation. Furthermore these results, reveal that the bristle oxidation is accelerated more under super-heated steam conditions than under conditions without steam.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.228-235
• /
• 2021

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are currently being used in various transport applications such as drones, unmanned aerial vehicles, and automobiles. The power required is different according to the type of use, purpose, and the conditions adjusted using a cell stack. The fuel cell stack is compressed to reduce the size and prevent fuel leakage. The unit cells that make up the cell stack are subjected to compression by clamping force, which makes geometrical changes in the porous media and it impacts on cell performance. In this study, finite elements method (FEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis for the deformed unit cell considering the effects of clamping force is performed. First, structural analysis using the FEM technique over the deformed gas diffusion layer (GDL) considering compression is carried out, and the resulting porosity changed in the GDL is calculated. The PEMFC model is then verified by a three-dimensional, two-phase fuel cell simulation applying the physical properties and geometry obtained before and after compression. The detailed simulation results showed different concentration distributions of fuel between the original and deformed geometry, resulting in the difference in the distribution of current density is represented at compressed GDL region with low oxygen concentration.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제25권1호
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2022

Fire damage time in high-rise buildings and wildland fire increasing every year. The use of high-pressure fire pumps is required to effectively extinguish fires. Reflecting the curvature effect of the fire hose occurring at the actual fire fighting site, this study provides a database of pressure drop, discharge velocity and maximum discharge height through C FD numerical analysis and it can provide using standards for fire extinguishing. Two Reynolds numbers of 200000 and 400000 were numerically analyzed at 0° -180° bending with water of 25℃ as a working fluid in hoses with a diameter of 65mm, a length of 15m, and a radius of curvature of 130mm. Realizable k-ε turbulence model was used and standard wall function was used. The pressure drop increases as the bending angle increases, and the maximum value at 90° and then decreases. The increasing rate is greater than the decrease. The velocity of the secondary flow also decreases after having the maximum value at 90°. The decreasing rate is greater than the increase. The turbulent kinetic energy increases to 120° and decreases with the maximum value. Pressure drop, velocity of the secondary flow, and turbulence kinetic energy are measured larger in the second bending region than in the first bending region.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
• /
• 제13권5호
• /
• pp.235-243
• /
• 2022

The paper presents the effect of operating temperatures and flow rates on the distillate flux that can be obtained from a hydrophobic membrane having the characteristics: pore size of 0.15 ㎛; thickness of 130 ㎛; and 85% porosity. That membrane in the present investigation could be the direct contact (DCMD) or the air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD). To model numerically the membrane distillation processes, the two-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (CFD) is used for the DCMD and AGMD cases here. In this work, DCMD and AGMD models have been validated with the experimental data using different flows (Parallel and Counter-current flows) in non-steady-state situations. A good agreement is obtained between the present results and those of the experimental data in the literature. The new approach in the present numerical modeling has allowed examining effects of the nature of materials (Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, copolymers, and blends) used on thermal properties. Moreover, the effect of the area surface of the membrane (0.021 to 3.15 ㎡) is investigated to explore both the laminar and the turbulent flow regimes. The obtained results found that copolymer P(VDF-TrFE) (80/20) is more effective than the other materials of membrane distillation (MD). The mass flux and thermal efficiency reach 193.5 (g/㎡s), and 83.29 % using turbulent flow and an effective area of 3.1 ㎡, respectively. The increase of feed inlet temperatures and its flow rate, with the reduction of cold temperatures and its flow rate are very effective for increasing distillate water flow in MD applications.

• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2022

The Korean nuclear industry had developed the SPACE (Safety and Performance Analysis Code for nuclear power plants) code, which adopts a two-fluid, three-field model that is comprised of gas, continuous liquid and droplet fields and has the capability to simulate three-dimensional models. According to the revised law by the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission (NSSC) in Korea, the multiple failure accidents that must be considered for the accident management plan of a nuclear power plant was determined based on the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident. Generally, to improve the reliability of the calculation results of a safety analysis code, verification is required for the separate and integral effect experiments. Therefore, the goal of this work is to verify the calculation capability of the SPACE code for multiple failure accidents. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to simulate a Control Element Drive Mechanism (CEDM) break with a safety injection failure using the ATLAS test facility, which is operated by Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI). This experiment focused on the comparison between the experiment results and code calculation results to verify the performance of the SPACE code. The results of the overall system transient response using the SPACE code showed similar trends with the experimental results for parameters such as the system pressure, mass flow rate, and collapsed water level in component. In conclusion, it can be concluded that the SPACE code has sufficient capability to simulate a CEDM break with a safety injection failure accident.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제90권1호
• /
• pp.27-40
• /
• 2024

The prediction of VIV amplitude is essential for the design and fatigue life estimation of steel tubes in tubular transmission towers. Limited to costly and time-consuming traditional experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, a machine learning (ML)-based method is proposed to efficiently predict the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers. Firstly, by introducing the first-order mode shape to the two-dimensional CFD method, a simplified response analysis method (SRAM) is presented to calculate the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers, which enables to build a dataset for training ML models. Then, by taking mass ratio M^*, damping ratio ξ, and reduced velocity U^* as the input variables, a Kriging-based prediction method (KPM) is further proposed to estimate the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers by combining the SRAM with the Kriging-based ML model. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods are demonstrated by using three full-scale steel tubes with C-shaped, Cross-shaped, and Flange-plate joints, respectively. The results show that the SRAM can reasonably calculate the VIV amplitude, in which the relative errors of VIV maximum amplitude in three examples are less than 6%. Meanwhile, the KPM can well predict the VIV amplitude of steel tubes in transmission towers within the studied range of M^*, ξ and U^*. Particularly, the KPM presents an excellent capability in estimating the VIV maximum amplitude by using the reduced damping parameter S_G.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.731-742
• /
• 2014

본 연구에서는 건물 꼭지점의 위 경도 좌표를 제공하는 GIS로부터 수치 모델의 건물 정보를 구축할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개선하였다. 이 알고리즘은 인접한 건물 꼭지점 위 경도 좌표를 지나는 선분을 순차적으로 연결하여 건물 외곽선을 구성하고, 외곽선 내부의 지점을 건물로 인식하기 때문에, Lee et al. (2009)에서 개발한 알고리즘의 한계를 개선하였고, 복잡한 형태의 건물을 실제에 가깝게 재현할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 GIS로부터 수치 건물을 구축할 때, 알고리즘 한계에 의해 발생한 건물 형태의 변화가 건물 주변의 흐름과 오염물질 확산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위해, 알고리즘에 의한 건물 변형이 나타날 수 있는 세 가지 형태의 건물을 대상으로 전산유체역학 모델을 이용한 수치 실험을 수행하였다. 알고리즘 한계에 의해 발생한 건물 변형은 풍하영역의 흐름 패턴에는 상대적으로 작은 영향을 미쳤으나, 건물 사이의 공간에 나타나는 소용돌이와 같은 건물 규모 대기 현상의 수치 모의에는 매우 중요한 영향을 미쳤다. 건물 변형에 따른 건물 사이 공간의 축소는 건물 주위에 나타날 수 있는 소용돌이를 전혀 모의하지 못하거나 소용돌이 규모를 과소 모의 하는 등의 결과를 초래하였다. 건물 변형에 따른 평균 바람장 변화는 건물 주변 지역에서 배출된 스칼라 오염물질의 확산 패턴에도 큰 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2010

국내 외 경기 침체의 영향으로 국내 건설업체들은 자금조달의 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이러한 경기 침체기에 자금의 유동화와 건설경기의 활성화를 촉진할 수 있는 리츠 제도가 2001년에 도입되어 점차 확대되고 있지만, 비슷한 시기에 도입한 다른 나라에 비해 성장속도 및 시장규모가 작은 편이다. 본 연구에서는 리츠의 활성화를 위하여 보다 높은 수익률 확보를 위한 포트폴리오 구성 방법으로, 마코위츠 포트폴리오 선정 모형을 적용한 리츠 투자 포트폴리오 구성 방법에 대해 제안하고자 한다. 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2007년 7월 3일부터 2008년 7월 21일까지의 투자분석기간 동안 마코위츠 모형을 적용한 리츠의 투자결과와 비교대상 리츠들의 평균 수익률을 비교하여 수익률 향상정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 마코위츠 모형을 적용한 수익률이 비교대상 리츠들의 평균 수익률보다 약 10% 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 기존 수익률의 자료 수집기간과 포트폴리오 교체주기에 대한 민감도 분석을 하여, 최적의 수익률을 나타낼 수 있는 자료 수집기간과 포트폴리오 교체주기를 도출하였다. 수익률 자료 수집기간이 6개월 일 때 비교대상 리츠들의 평균 수익률보다 마코위츠 모형을 적용한 수익률이 약 16% 높게 나타났으며, 포트폴리오 교체주기를 2주 간격으로 설정하였을 때는 약 11% 높게 나타났다.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제32권4호
• /
• pp.473-483
• /
• 2014

In this work, the effects of shade combination, shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate were quantified. A two-dimensional (2-D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed based on an 11-span plastic greenhouse in eastern China for wind almost normal to the greenhouse orientation. The model was first validated with air temperature profiles measured in a compartmentalized greenhouse cultivated with mature lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., 'Yang Shan'). Next, the model was employed to investigate the effect of shade combinations on greenhouse microclimate patterns. Simulations showed similar airflow patterns in the greenhouse under different shade combinations. The temperature pattern was a consequence of convection and radiation transfer and was not significantly influenced by shade combination. The use of shade screens reduced air velocity by $0.02-0.20m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, lowered air temperature by $0.2-0.8^{\circ}C$ and raised the humidity level by 0.9-2.0% in the greenhouse. Moreover, it improved the interior climate homogeneity. The assessment of shade performance revealed that the external shade had good cooling and homogeneity performance and thus can be recommended. Furthermore, the effects of external shade height and wind regime on greenhouse climate parameters showed that external shade screens are suitable for installation within 1 m above roof level. They also demonstrated that, under external shade conditions, greenhouse temperature was reduced relative to unshaded conditions by $1.3^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $0.5m{\cdot}s^{-1}$, whereas it was reduced by merely $0.5^{\circ}C$ under a wind speed of $2.0m{\cdot}s^{-1}$. Therefore, external shading is more useful during periods of low wind speed.