• 기본간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.389-394
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship between life stress and depression, and the effect of social support of 100 Koreans living in the Phillippines. Theoretically social support is considered to mediate the relationship between lift stress and depression. Method: Data were collected from April 1 to May 30, 2002 and analysed using SAS. The first, two hypotheses were tested using Gamma, a measure of association for ordinal variables. Partial gamma was used to test the third hypothesis. Patterns of elaboration described by Babbie(1986) were selected to interpret the relationship of the three variables in the analysis. Results: 1) There was a positive relationship between life stress and depression(Gamma=.45, p=.017), and a inverse relationship between social support and depression(Gamma=-.561, p=.002). Thus the first, two hypotheses were supported. 2) When social support was controlled, the relationship between life stress and depression increased under the condition of low social support but with high social support, the relationship decreased. Conclusion: It can be interpreted that life stress is positively related to depression under the condition of low social support, however this relationship may be reversed with high social support.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parental beliefs, efficacy and stress on mother's parenting behaviors. The subjects were 243 mothers of two to three-Year-old children in Seoul. The main results showed that parental beliefs, efficacy and stress were significantly related with parenting behaviors. That is, the resets of mutiple regression analysis indicated that parental efficacy, beliefs and stress were significant variables predicting mother's parenting behavior. However, the predictive powers of these variables were different depending on the characteristics of parenting behaviors. And the relationship between mother's parental stress and parenting behaviors was mediated by mother's parental efficacy. To conclude, mother's cognitions such as parental beliefs, parental efficacy, and a perception of parenting stress turned out to be the vital factors in predicting parenting behaviors.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare parenting stress between married migrant women and Korean women. Methods: Subjects were 68 married migrant women and 70 Korean women raising children aged seven years or younger, living in three different cities in Gangwon Do. To measure parenting stress, we used Kim's (1997) questionnaire that had been modified from Richard & Abidin's (1990) Parenting Stress Index (PSI). Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in age, academic credentials, job, monthly income, and achievement of maternal role. No statistically significant differences were found for parenting stress scores (p<.355), but there was a significant difference in the child characteristics of parenting stress (p<.007) between the two groups. There were no differences in the demographic variables influencing parenting stress between the two groups. Conclusion: The development of multi-cultural parenting and family support programs should consider the nationality and marital satisfaction of the family.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.247-258
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• 1996

This study explored the variables to influence the stress of the family caregivers providing care for the hospitalized elderly The subjects for this study were 104 family caregivers selected from the caregivers in the in patient departments of two major medical centers in Jeonju city. Data were collected from December 18th to 27th, 1995 using a Liker Scale Questionaire and interview. Data analyses included percentage, mean, standard deviation, t and F-test. Results were following : 1. The mean of this sample is 21.48, and the standard deviation is ${\pm}5.64$ in the perceived stress. The major variables to influence on the stress of caregivere for the hospitalized elderly were the stay (16-24hrs/day) in hospital(F=7.99, p=0.006), no other helpers(t=-2.56, P=.012), percieving severely on illness(F=3.90, P=.0232) perceiving moderately on physical health status(F=6.20, P=.0029). 2. Regarding the perceived social support of the family caregivers, the higher support the group perceived the lower stress(F=3.54, P=.0326).

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.199-209
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between life stress and depression, and the effect of social support in postpartal $4{\sim}6$ week women. Theoretically social support is thought to mediate the relationship between life stress and depression. Data were collected from June 1 to July 30, 1999. The data were analysed by use of SPSS. Two hypotheses were tested using Gamma, a measure of association for ordinal variables. Partial gamma was used to test the third hypothesis. Patterns of elaboration described by Babbie(1986) were selected to interpret the relationship of the three variables in the analyses. The results of this study are summarized as follows ; There was a positive relationship between life stress and depression (Gamma=.45, P=.017), and an inverse relationship between social support and depression (Gamma=-.49, P=.009). Thus the first, two hypotheses were supported. 2. When social support was controlled, the relationship between life stress and depression increased under the condition of low social support, but with high social support, the relationship decreased. It can be interpreted that life stresses are positively related to depression under the condition of low social support, however this relationship cannot be expected with high social support.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2002

Objectives : This study was intended to investigate the differences of job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Another objective of this study was to examine whether the effects of job stressors on mental health differ between the two groups. Methods : Data was obtained from 204 managers and 258 low level employees who were employed in white-collar jobs. Fourteen job stressors and seven job stress variables were measured. Results : Among the 14 job stressors, role overload, job insecurity, and work-family conflict were higher job stressors for the manager group whereas role conflict, work-aptitude incongruity, participation in decision making, and promotion problems were higher job stressors for the low level of employees. There were no differences in job stress scores between the two groups. However, differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress were found between the two groups. For the manager group, job insecurity, work-aptitude incongruity, and work-family conflict significantly affected in explanation of job stress whereas for the low level employees, role underload, peer satisfaction, and environmental problems significantly explaining the job stress variables. Conclusions : There were significant differences in job stressors between managers and low level employees among white-collar workers. Additionally there were differences in the effects of job stressors on job stress between the two groups.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.151-163
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to find options which reduce the job stress and to enhance morale through a variable analysis, and also apply this data in the legal and administration fields. The data for the research was obtained from 217 dental hygienists working in the dental clinics, dental hospitals and university's dental hospitals' in Seoul. The tool used by this study was a Questionnaire measuring on-the-job stress of dental hygienists, was a modified and revised. The Questionnaire version used to measure bank's job stress and used to suggest options by Dae-ha Yoon(1991). Classification of items for measuring job stress was based on Theoretical Study on Job Stress by Dae-hyon Song(1986). The scale used in study was the two points (yes or no in the job stress) scale measuring for variables. The period of data collection was 30 days from December 4, 1995 to January 5, 1996. The methods of data collection were self-writing, direct visit, and postal Questionnaire answering, 224 copies of Questionnaire data were collected, but only 217 copies were used. 7 copies could not be analyzed, were not used for this study. The data analysis was conducted by SPSS after coding the collected raw data. The general characteristics was obtained from real digits and percentages. In order to analyze the difference of sub-variables against the job stress based on general characteristics. Mean, Standard Deviation, and F test (ANDVA) were conducted. The following were the results of job stress variables: 1. Meaningful variable affecting the working organization, is compensation system(p〈0.03). 2. Meaningful variable affecting the working period, is work overload(p〈0.02). 3. Meaningful variable affecting average patients per day, is the career management and payment(p〈0.04, p〈0.01). 4. Meaningful variable affecting number of staff, is the comrade relationship, role conflict among patients, work overload, and job overload(p〈0.000, p〈0.05, p〈0.04, p〈0.01). The comrade relationship is most affected to the number of staffs aides. 5. Meaningful variables affecting job diversion, are the desire and value, the non-role play, and the environment(p〈0.003, p〈0.02, p〈0.005).

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.440-450
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• 2003

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of solution-focused group counseling on the general stress, stress response and coping in the delinquent juveniles. Method: The subjects consisted of a convenience samlple of 60 delinquent juveniles who had been placed under probation in Kwang-ju, and recruited from Oct., 2000 to Dec., 2000. Solution-focused group counseling was conducted for the experimental group once a week for 120 to 180 minutes for 6 week. The control group received no group session. For both groups the level of general stress, stress response and coping were measured before and after the experiment. Result: General stress significantly decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group, but showed no significant difference between the two groups. Stress response decreased significantly in the experimental group and increased in the control group, but showed no significant difference between the two groups. The problem-focused coping significantly increased in the experimental group and decreased in the control group, and showed a significant difference between the two groups. The emotion-focused coping significantly decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group, and showed no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that solution-focused group-counselling has a positive effect on variables like the general stress, stress response, emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Further study needs to be conducted to verify results.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1994년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.319-324
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• 1994

Bond test was carried out to assess the effect of several variables on bond characteristics between reinforcing bar and concrete. Key variables are concrete compressive strength(low, medium high, and ultra-high), bar diameter(13mm and 22mm), and concrete cover(25mm; 1-inch, 38mm; 1.5-inch, and 51mm; 2-inch). Confining effect and bar spacing are not taken into account. Thirty-two specimens subjected to uniaxial tension were tested under hypothesis uniform bond stress distribution along the reinforcing bar embeded in concrete. Test results(ultimate bond stress) were compared with bond and development provisions of the ACI building Code(ACl 318-89) and local bond stress versus slip relationship diagram represented to show effect of the above variables.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2002

Among the processes to produce micro lens, the process using press molding is a new technology to simplify the process, but it contains many unknown variables. The press-molding process proposed in this paper was simplified into two step process, the first step is the pressing to design the preform for glass element, the second step is the annealing to reduce the residual stress. It is important to estimate the amount of shrinkage of glass gob and the residual stress during process. It Is difficult to evaluate the process variables as mentioned above through the experiment. The influences due to process variables was evaluated by using FEM parametric analysis. The results in this paper can be applicable to produce micro lens.