• 인간식물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.399-410
• /
• 2020

The United Nations project the world population to reach 10 billion by the year 2057. To increase the food of the ever-increasing world population, agrochemicals are indispensable tools to the boon in agriculture production. These agrochemicals are a serious threat to the health of humans, plants, and animals. Agrochemicals are ultimately reached to the main reservoir/sink such as soil and contaminating the groundwater, disturb the soil health and in turn a serious threat to biogeochemical cycling and the entire biosphere. Among agrochemicals, quinalphosis one of the most repeatedly and widely used insecticides in the control of a wide range of pests that attack various crops. Quinalphos is shown to be primarily toxic in organisms by acetylcholinesterase enzyme action. Hydrolysis of quinalphos produces amajor metabolite 2-hydroxyquinoxaline (2-HQ), which has shown secondary toxicity in organisms. 2-HQ is reported to be mutagenic, carcinogenic, growth inhibition and induce oxidative stress in organisms. Quinoline is a heterocyclic compound and structural resemblance of 2-HQ with minor changes, but its degradation studies are enormous compared to the 2-HQ compound. Biotic factors in fate and behavior of 2-HQ in the environment are least studied. 2-HQ interactions with soil enzymes are vary from soil to soil. Based on the toxicity of 2-HQ in our stockpile we need to isolate a handful of microorganisms to treat this persistent metabolite and also other metabolites/compounds.This brief review will be significant from the point of biological and environmental safety.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제19권11호
• /
• pp.53-62
• /
• 2021

원격수업은 COVID-19 확산과 함께 교육 현장에서 주요 이슈가 되었다. 원격교육 학습자의 만족을 제고하기 위해 학습자의 역량을 배양하는 노력과 함께 정보기술 인프라를 구축하고 양질의 콘텐츠 제공과 학습을 지원하는 활동도 포괄적으로 고려되어야 한다. 본 연구는 대학생 221명의 설문을 바탕으로 SmartPLS를 활용한 구조방정식모델을 통해 디지털 리터러시의 하위요인인 지식, 기술, 태도와 정보시스템의 성공 요인의 하위요인인 시스템 품질, 정보 품질, 서비스 품질 모두 원격수업의 만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 주며, 차례로 만족도 또한 원격수업의 지속 사용 의도에 긍정적인 영향을 준다는 점을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 원격수업의 만족도와 지속 사용 의도에 미치는 영향을 학습자 능력과 정보기술 인프라를 포괄적으로 고려하여 분석했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 향후 대학생뿐만 아니라 초중등 학생 및 교수자 등으로 대상을 확대하고, 원격수업 과정의 주요 요인인 상호작용 등을 추가적으로 고려하여 연구를 심화할 필요가 있다.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.59-74
• /
• 2023

Third places are those that offer a space outside of work and home for people to escape the stress associated with the primary spaces of their lives. Through social interactivity these help in acquiring some emotional support provided by a close and intimate attachment. Such social support can turn into social resources for individuals and can lead to forming communities that may become incubators for social capital through regular visits to shared socializing places. This paper focuses on social interaction that takes place through the third place and the communities that are being created as a contributing factor to knowledge management. The study being reported in this paper investigated the role of coffee shops as third places in building communities and social capital in Kuwait. A mixed-method approach was used to conduct the study. These methods included qualitative methods such as extended conversations in the form of semi-structured interviews and quantitative methods of using questionnaires distributed to coffee shop staff and visitors. Results indicated that importance attached to providing facilities by coffee shops reflected that the owners perceived these as third places. The facilities attracted customers to coffee houses where interactions took place that helped to build communities. The pattern of visits by customers showed that mostly they come in groups and have meetings and gatherings that facilitated and encouraged interactions. The communities that are being built in the coffee shops are indicative of these being perceived as third places by owners, customers, and staff. This study shows the potential of coffee shops as a major sector of the food industry promising a valuable contribution in transformation and transition to a knowl- edge-based economy in Kuwait.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제37권5호
• /
• pp.486-493
• /
• 2024

Lighting has been used for a long time as a medium to convey brightness from darkness, and through incandescent lamps and fluorescent lamps, LED light sources have now become the standard in the lighting industry. Recently, the lighting equipment industry has been undergoing rapid digital transformation, starting with smart lighting, and is evolving into smart lighting customized for individuals and spaces through the development of IoT technology, cloud-based services, and data analysis. However, the blue light emitted from digital devices (computers, smartphones, tablets, etc.) or LED lights stimulates the melanopsin in the optic ganglion cells in the retina of the eye, which in turn stimulates the secretion of melatonin through the pineal gland, which regulates the secretion of melatonin. This can reduce sleep quality or disrupt biological rhythms. This interaction between blue light and melatonin has such a significant impact on human sleep patterns and overall health that it is essential to reduce exposure to blue light, especially in the evening. Human-centered lighting refers to lighting that takes into account the effects of light on the physical and mental areas, such as human activity and awakening, improvement of sleep quality, and health management. Many research institutes study the effects in the visible area and the non-visible area. By studying the impact, it is expected to improve the quality of human life. In this study, we plan to study ways to implement human-centered lighting by collecting sunrise and sunset data and linking commercialized LED packages and control devices with open-source hardware.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.1-42
• /
• 2009

In a knowledge-based society, a firm's intellectual capital represents the wealth of ideas and ability to innovate, which are indispensable elements for the future growth. Therefore, the intellectual capital is evidently recognized as the most valuable asset in the organization. Considered as intangible asset, intellectual capital is the basis based on which firms can foster their sustainable competitive advantage. One of the essential components of the intellectual capital is a social capital, indicating the firm's individual members' ability to build a firm's social networks. As such, social capital is a powerful concept necessary for understanding the emergence, growth, and functioning of network linkages. The more social capital a firm is equipped with, the more successfully it can establish new social networks. By providing a shared context for social interactions, social capital facilitates the creation of new linkages in the organizational setting. This concept of "person-environment fit" has long been prevalent in the management literature. The fit is grounded in the interaction theory of behavior. The interaction perspective has a fairly long theoretical tradition, beginning with proposition that behavior is a function of the person and environment. This view asserts that neither personal characteristics nor the situation alone adequately explains the variance in behavioral and attitudinal variables. Instead, the interaction of personal and situational variables accounts for the greatest variance. Accordingly, the person-environment fit is defined as the degree of congruence or match between personal and situational variables in producing significant selected outcomes. In addition, information systems acceptance factors enable organizations to build large electronic communities with huge knowledge resources. For example, the Intranet helps to build knowledge-based communities, which in turn increases employee communication and collaboration. It is vital since through active communication and collaborative efforts can employees build common basis for shared understandings that evolve into stronger relationships embedded with trust. To this aim, the electronic communication network allows the formation of social network to be more viable to rapid mobilization and assimilation of knowledge assets in the organizations. The purpose of this study is to investigate: (1) the impact of person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) on social capital(network ties, trust, norm, shared language); (2) the impact of information systems acceptance factors(availability, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) on social capital; (3) the impact of social capital on personal performance(work performance, work satisfaction); and (4) the mediating role of social capital between person-environment fit and personal performance. In general, social capital is defined as the aggregated actual or collective potential resources which lead to the possession of a durable network. The concept of social capital was originally developed by sociologists for their analysis in social context. Recently, it has become an increasingly popular jargon used in the management literature in describing organizational phenomena outside the realm of transaction costs. Since both environmental factors and information systems acceptance factors affect the network of employee's relationships, this study proposes that these two factors have significant influence on the social capital of employees. The person-environment fit basically refers to the alignment between characteristics of people and their environments, thereby resulting in positive outcomes for both individuals and organizations. In addition, the information systems acceptance factors have rather direct influences on the social network of employees. Based on such theoretical framework, namely person-environment fit and social capital theory, we develop our research model and hypotheses. The results of data analysis, based on 458 employee cases are as follow: Firstly, both person-environment fit(person-job fit, person-person fit, person-group fit, person-organization fit) and information systems acceptance factors(availability perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use) significantly influence social capital(network ties, norm, shared language). In addition, person-environment fit is a stronger factor influencing social capital than information systems acceptance factors. Secondly, social capital is a significant factor in both work satisfaction and work performance. Finally, social capital partly plays a mediating role between person-environment fit and personal performance. Our findings suggest that it is vital for firms to understand the importance of environmental factors affecting social capital of employees and accordingly identify the importance of information systems acceptance factors in building formal and informal relationships of employees. Firms also need to reflect their recognition of the importance of social capital's mediating role in boosting personal performance. Some limitations arisen in the course of the research and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제31권1호
• /
• pp.106-117
• /
• 2010

이 연구의 목적은 학생들의 논증을 인식론적 (사고과정) 및 심리학적 (사고유형) 관점에서 탐색하여 어떠한 사고과정 및 유형으로 교사가 학생들의 논증 형성 능력을 향상시키는지 알아보는 것이다. 35년의 교사경력을 지니고 있는 교사 및 그의 26명 학생의 과학수업 60시간을 관찰하고, 전사하였으며, 전사한 학생들의 논증이 어떻게 표현되는지를 두 개의 도구, 즉 인식론적 및 심리학적 관점으로 분석하였다. 이 연구 참여자인 교사는 학생들의 논증의 질을 향상 시키기 위하여 특별한 목적으로 개발한 명시적인 교수법 "주장-근거 교수법"을 수업 시간에 활용하였다. 논증을 두 개의 다른 관점으로 분석해 본 결과, "보기" 또는 "예"를 이용한 사고과정에서는 "정교성" 사고유형이 가장 빈번하게 사용되었다. 모든 탐구의 시작인 가설을 세우기 위해 학생들은 "귀납" 사고과정으로 "일반화" 사고유형을 통해 탐구의 시작단계인 본인들의 "주장"을 형성하였다. 좀 더 높은 수준의 논증은 다른 지식이나 경험을 통한 개념의 "일관성" 사고 과정을 통해 교사의 도움에 힘입어 학생들이 "설명"을 형성하였다. 이러한 높은 수준의 논증 기회에서 확인된 교사의 역할은 학생들이 스스로 논증을 형성할 수 잇도록 도와주는 조력자, 그리고 학생들의 논증을 평가하는 것이 아닌 좀더 학생들의 사고과정을 확장시켜 주는 정교자 (elaborator), 그리고 학생들의 논증 수준이 높아질 수 있도록 논증을 추적하여 발전시켜주는 멘토로 확인되었다. 논증 본성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 교사들은 학생들이 과학의 참 의미를 이해 할 수 있도록, 논증 기회를 제공하는 명시적인 교수전략을 개발하는 것이 필수적이라 할 수 있겠다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.331-347
• /
• 2020

서비스중심 논리의 현대 경제시대에서 서비스산업의 중요성은 더욱 증대해지고 있다. 이와 함께 정부의 다양한 육성 정책에도 불구하고 성장은 답보상태에 놓여있다. 이제는 눈에 보이는 현상이 아니라 근본적인 원인이 무엇인지 고민해봐야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 근간이 흔들리지 않는 서비스산업의 지속적인 성장과 경쟁우위의 확보를 위해 철학적 사상을 기반으로 한 서비스본질에 대해 규명해 보았다. 또한 서비스본질이 서비스 산업별 직무성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 서비스산업별 종사자들을 대상으로 설문조사한 자료 최종 900부를 자료 분석에 활용하여 연구 가설을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 운수업에서는 서비스본질 중 상호작용성과 조화성이 직무성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 금융·보험업에서는 상호작용성과 수평성이, 호텔·리조트업에서는 상호작용성, 수평성, 조화성이 직무성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 검증되었다. 이로써 서비스본질이 서비스산업의 성과에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 향후 서비스본질에 대한 다양하고 심층적인 연구가 요구되며, 성과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 매개변수나 조절변수를 확대하여 연구하는 것도 필요하다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.39-69
• /
• 2012

With the advent of communication technologies including electronic collaborative tools and conferencing systems provided over the Internet, virtual collaboration is becoming increasingly common in organizations. Virtual collaboration refers to an environment in which the people working together are interdependent in their tasks, share responsibility for outcomes, are geographically dispersed, and rely on mediated rather than face-to face, communication to produce an outcome. Research suggests that new sets of individual skill, knowledge, and ability (SKAs) are required to perform effectively in today's virtualized workplace, which is labeled as individual virtual competence. It is also argued that use of online social networking sites may influence not only individuals' daily lives but also their capability to manage their work-related relationships in organizations, which in turn leads to better performance. The existing research regarding (1) the relationship between virtual competence and task performance and (2) the relationship between online networking and task performance has been conducted based on different theoretical perspectives so that little is known about how online social networking and virtual competence interplay to predict individuals' task performance. To fill this gap, this study raises the following research questions: (1) What is the individual virtual competence required for better adjustment to the virtual collaboration environment? (2) How does online networking via diverse social network service sites influence individuals' task performance in organizations? (3) How do the joint effects of individual virtual competence and online networking influence task performance? To address these research questions, we first draw on the prior literature and derive four dimensions of individual virtual competence that are related with an individual's self-concept, knowledge and ability. Computer self-efficacy is defined as the extent to which an individual beliefs in his or her ability to use computer technology broadly. Remotework self-efficacy is defined as the extent to which an individual beliefs in his or her ability to work and perform joint tasks with others in virtual settings. Virtual media skill is defined as the degree of confidence of individuals to function in their work role without face-to-face interactions. Virtual social skill is an individual's skill level in using technologies to communicate in virtual settings to their full potential. It should be noted that the concept of virtual social skill is different from the self-efficacy and captures an individual's cognition-based ability to build social relationships with others in virtual settings. Next, we discuss how online networking influences both individual virtual competence and task performance based on the social network theory and the social learning theory. We argue that online networking may enhance individuals' capability in expanding their social networks with low costs. We also argue that online networking may enable individuals to learn the necessary skills regarding how they use technological functions, communicate with others, and share information and make social relations using the technical functions provided by electronic media, consequently increasing individual virtual competence. To examine the relationships among online networking, virtual competence, and task performance, we developed research models (the mediation, interaction, and additive models, respectively) by integrating the social network theory and the social learning theory. Using data from 112 employees of a virtualized company, we tested the proposed research models. The results of analysis partly support the mediation model in that online social networking positively influences individuals' computer self-efficacy, virtual social skill, and virtual media skill, which are key predictors of individuals' task performance. Furthermore, the results of the analysis partly support the interaction model in that the level of remotework self-efficacy moderates the relationship between online social networking and task performance. The results paint a picture of people adjusting to virtual collaboration that constrains and enables their task performance. This study contributes to research and practice. First, we suggest a shift of research focus to the individual level when examining virtual phenomena and theorize that online social networking can enhance individual virtual competence in some aspects. Second, we replicate and advance the prior competence literature by linking each component of virtual competence and objective task performance. The results of this study provide useful insights into how human resource responsibilities assess employees' weakness and strength when they organize virtualized groups or projects. Furthermore, it provides managers with insights into the kinds of development or training programs that they can engage in with their employees to advance their ability to undertake virtual work.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.177-200
• /
• 2009

AIn the advanced - economy, the services industry hasbecome a dominant sector. Evidently, the services sector has grown at a much faster rate than any other. For instance, in such developed countries as the U.S., the proportion of the services sector in its GDP is greater than 75%. Even in the developing countries including India and China, the magnitude of the services sector in their GDPs is rapidly growing. The increasing dependence on service gives rise to new initiatives including service science and service-dominant logic. These new initiatives propose a new theoretical prism to promote the better understanding of the changing economic structure. From the new perspectives, service is no longer regarded as a transaction or exchange, but rather co-creation of value through the interaction among service users, providers, and other stakeholders including partners, external environments, and customer communities. The purpose of this study is the following. First, we review previous literature on service, service innovation, and service systems and integrate the studies based on service dominant logic. Second, we categorize the ten propositions of service dominant logic into conceptual propositions and the ones that are directly related to service provision. Conceptual propositions are left out to form the research model. With the selected propositions, we define the research constructs for this study. Third, we develop measurement items for the new service concepts including service provider network, customer network, value co-creation, and convergence of service with product. We then propose a research model to explain the relationship among the factors that affect the value creation mechanism. Finally, we empirically investigate the effects of the factors on firm performance. Through the process of this research study, we want to show the value creation mechanism of service systems in which various participants in service provision interact with related parties in a joint effort to create values. To test the proposed hypotheses, we developed measurement items and distributed survey questionnaires to domestic companies. 500 survey questionnaires were distributed and 180 were returned among which 171 were usable. The results of the empirical test can be summarized as the following. First, service providers' network which is to help offer required services to customers is found to affect customer network, while it does not have a significant effect on value co-creation and product-service convergence. Second, customer network, on the other hand, appears to influence both value co-creation and product-service convergence. Third, value co-creation accomplished through the collaboration of service providers and customers is found to have a significant effect on both product-service convergence and firm performance. Finally, product-service convergence appears to affect firm performance. To interpret the results from the value creation mechanism perspective, service provider network well established to support customer network is found to have significant effect on customer network which in turn facilitates value co-creation in service provision and product-service convergence to lead to greater firm performance. The results have some enlightening implications for practitioners. If companies want to transform themselves into service-centered business enterprises, they have to consider the four factors suggested in this study: service provider network, customer network, value co-creation, and product-service convergence. That is, companies becoming a service-oriented organization need to understand what the four factors are and how the factors interact with one another in their business context. They then may want to devise a better tool to analyze the value creation mechanism and apply the four factors to their own environment. This research study contributes to the literature in following ways. First, this study is one of the very first empirical studies on the service dominant logic as it has categorized the fundamental propositions into conceptual and empirically testable ones and tested the proposed hypotheses against the data collected through the survey method. Most of the propositions are found to work as Vargo and Lusch have suggested. Second, by providing a testable set of relationships among the research variables, this study may provide policy makers and decision makers with some theoretical grounds for their decision making on what to do with service innovation and management. Finally, this study incorporates the concepts of value co-creation through the interaction between customers and service providers into the proposed research model and empirically tests the validity of the concepts. The results of this study will help establish a value creation mechanism in the service-based economy, which can be used to develop and implement new service provision.

• 마케팅과학연구
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.217-244
• /
• 2008

전자정보기술의 발달로 인해 도서관 서비스제공은 정보화시스템에 대한 의존 비중이 커져가고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화에 따라 본 연구는 이용자의 도서관 정보화에 대한 성과지각과 정보화를 통한 이용 만족은 전반적 만족에 중요한 선행요인이 될 것으로 추론하였다. 뿐만 아니라 기존 연구는 대체로 도서관의 서비스제공측면에서 이용자의 인식이나 만족을 조사하였으나 본 연구는 시각을 달리하여 이용자측면에서 단순 열람목적의 일반적 이용과, 전문정보구득 목적의 전문적 이용패턴이 정보화 성과지각에 어떻게 다르게 영향을 미치는지에 대해서 조사하였다. 또한 서비스품질차원이 정보화성과지각과 이용만족에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 마지막으로 서비스품질차원이 정보화성과지각과 이용만족에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 실증분석 결과는 첫째, 도서관 이용자의 열람 등 일반적 목적 이용이 정보화성과지각에 영향을 미치는지 검증하고자 하였으나 유의한 수준에 미치지 못했다. 둘째, 도서관 이용자의 특정 정보구득 등 전문적 목적의 이용이 정보화성과지각에 유의한 정의 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 일반적 서비스품질인 상호작용품질, 결과품질, 물리적환경품질 차원은 정보화성과지각에 유의한 영향을 미쳤으나 정보화이용만족에는 유의하지 않았다. 마지막으로, 도서관 이용자의 정보화성과지각과 정보화이용만족이 전반적인 만족을 선행하고 있음을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 도서관의 정보화시스템을 어떻게 이용자중심으로 체계화하여 발전시킬 것인지에 대해 심층적인 고찰이 필요함을 확인하였다.