• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2017

Background: At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and a lack of adequate lighting usually cause some vision problems. The purpose of this study was to perform a safety evaluation of lighting on a very long road in Ilam, Iran. Methods: The average luminance was measured using a luminance meter (model S3; Hagner, Solna, Sweden). A camera (model 108, 35-mm single-lens reflex; Yashica, Nagano, Japan) was used to take photographs of the safe stopping distance from the tunnel entrance. Equivalent luminance was determined according to the Holliday polar diagram. Results: Considering the average luminance at the tunnel entrance ($116.7cd/m^2$) and using Adrian's equation, the safe level of lighting at the entrance of the tunnel was determined to be 0.7. Conclusion: A comparison between the results of the safe levels of lighting at the entrance of the tunnel and the De Boer scale showed that the phenomenon of black holes is created at the tunnel entrance. This may lead to a misadaptation of the drivers' eyes to the change in luminance level at the entrance of the tunnel, thereby increasing the risk of road accidents in this zone.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.535-544
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• 2016

Special tunnel design and construction methods have been suggested due to developments of subway and tunnel. Collapse accidents of tunnel bring enormous damage. So, observation and analysis for the safety of tunnelling and behaviour of surrounding ground are important. But, it is not economical to implement the field test in every time. Therefore, this study has measured ground behaviour due to excavation of 2-arch tunnel station according to offset between grouped pile and tunnel by laboratory model test. For the model test, trapdoor device was adopted. Tunnelling is simulated by volume loss of 2-arch tunnel. Ground displacements are observed by close range photogrammetric method and image processing. In addition, these data are compared with numerical analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1480-1487
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• 2012

Recently, the safety of the coal-mining tunnels has been improved greatly, but accidents occur continually. Most tunnel support failures occur because the fish plate part that connects the I-beams is unable to withstand ground pressure. In the case of XX coal mine, the arch part of tunnel support bends to the upper direction. In such a case, excessive horizontal load as well as vertical load acts on the tunnel support. Horizontal load is caused by the sudden loosing of underground rock mass or the leakage of underground water, so it is fairly complex to predict horizontal loading on a tunnel support. To predict the horizontal load on this component is defined as the problem that determines the horizontal load conditions in wedges of tunnel support. This is an optimization problem in which maximum bending stress and horizontal load are considered by an objective function and design variables, respectively. Therefore, in this study, design of experiments and optimization algorithm were applied to identify the horizontal load in tunnel support.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.725-744
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• 2022

As the construction of infrastructure using the underground tunnel in urban area have been rapidly increased, various accidents and collapses of tunnel including structure have been occurred in deep urban tunnelling. The concern and worry relating to the risk and safety of the tunnel during excavation is becoming the key issues in deep urban tunnelling. In this study, it was conducted for deep urban tunnel at GTX (Great Train Express) line which was located in Seoul metropolitan area to determine the risk characteristics for tunnel according to urban tunnelling. Also, it was reviewed the risk analysis and evaluation of the tunnel, shaft and station. And after a review of risk analysis and evaluation for risk register and hazard identification by using a risk matrix method, safety management of the tunnel according to excavation was evaluated to be secured. This study is expected to be applied as useful approach in deep urban tunnelling if you need to review the risk and safety management system of tunnel according to mitigation measures in complex urban tunnelling.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2010

In this study, the behavior and safety of an existing tunnel and its facilities are investigated when a new tunnel adjacent to the existing tunnel is blasted. The design of the new tunnel puts priority on stability of the tunnel itself over the safety of the facilities which are installed within the existing tunnel such as jet fans. And thus, a detailed consideration on securing the safety of the existing facilities has been insufficient. An analysis on the types of traffic accidents in the last ten years shows that most incidents were due to the driver's improper response in emergency situations and unexpected obstacles. In consideration of this analysis, the safety of the facilities in the existing tunnel was secured by minimizing the charging amount for each hangfire and changing the excavation method of evacuation communication shelters to the large center hole cut blasting method to reduce blasting vibration. For a more quantitative analysis, measurement devices were installed inside the existing tunnel, at houses adjacent to the new tunnel, near jet fans in the existing tunnel. This enabled real time measurement of displacements of the existing tunnel, adjacent houses, and jet fans without interrupting traffic flow. Therefore, the improvements of charging amount for each hangfire, the blasting method, and the measurement method are suggested in this paper to secure the safety of the facilities in the existing tunnel when a new tunnel, located on a large city and adjacent to an existing tunnel, is designed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology to select a cluster of night traffic accidents using CRP (Continuous Risk Profile) analysis. the other purpose of this study is to present the characteristics of the traffic accident cluster section selected at night using CRP analysis. The CRP analysis was performed considering traffic volume of target routes through traffic accident data. In addition, variables were set according to the freeway sections. the method of subtracting the daytime CRP from the nighttime CRP was used to analyze the nighttime traffic accident. As a result, Using the CRP analysis, the sections of hotspot were identified and plotted based on traffic accidents. Also, the sections where traffic accidents are frequent were those where IC or Tunnels were installed, and there was a deviation from the general section. In conclusion, CRP analysis could be used to calculate the frequent section of specialized traffic accidents at night, and it was selected as a point in need of improvement due to the frequent occurrence of specialized traffic accidents at night in the section where IC or tunnel facilities are installed. In addition, it is inferred that the number of specialized traffic accidents at night in the section where IC or tunnel facilities are installed is a factor in the problem of night visibility due to lighting facilities.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.18-31
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• 2018

Since accidents of hazardous material transport vehicle on roadways cause severe damage in the form of disaster, foreign countries have long been engaged in systematic management and establishment of relevant laws and policies for the road safety. Recently, over 10-kilometer long tunnel, such as Inje-Yangyang Tunnel and Geumjeongsan Tunnel, has been opened on the expressway and the production of various hazardous materials is increasing with the development of chemical technology. However, road laws related to the safe operation of hazardous materials transport vehicles are still lacking, and policy measures for managing them have not been specified. It is an important task to recognize the risk of accidents of hazardous material transport vehicles and to secure road safety by establishing a management plan for road managers. Therefore, this study analyzed the feasibility of the traffic regulation of expressway tunnel in South Korea and suggested a direction for management. The results of this study can be utilized as the primary data for the revision of law related to hazardous materials transport vehicles on roadways and the derivation of optimal route of hazardous materials transport vehicles.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.325-346
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• 2003

High-sided road vehicles are susceptible to a sharp-edged crosswind gust, which may cause vehicle accidents such as overturning, excessive sideslip, or exaggerated rotation. This paper thus investigates the dynamic behaviour and possible accidents of high-sided road vehicles entering a sharp-edged crosswind gust with road surface roughness and vehicle suspension included. The high-sided road vehicle is modelled as a combination of several rigid bodies connected by a series of springs and dampers in both vertical and lateral directions. The random roughness of road surface is generated from power spectral density functions for various road conditions. The empirical formulae derived from wind tunnel test results are employed to determine aerodynamic forces and moments acting on the vehicle. After the governing equations of motion are established, an extensive computation work is performed to examine the effects of road surface roughness and vehicle suspension on the dynamic behaviour and vehicle accidents. It is demonstrated that for the high-sided road vehicle and wind forces specified in the computation, the accident vehicle speed of the road vehicle running on the road of average condition is relatively smaller than that running on the road of very good condition for a given crosswind gust. The vehicle suspension system should be taken into consideration, and the accident vehicle speed becomes smaller if the vehicle suspension system has softer springs and lighter dampers.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.308-327
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• 2004

As use of tunnels and subways increase there also are accidents proportionate to it. Daegu Subway Station fire, Hongjimoon tunnel fire led people to be conscious of disaster protection and as a result, there is a trend to adopt standards for fire protection. Accordingly, this thesis is focused on investigating various fire and water protection related issues for subaqueous tunnel under Ran river. The thesis developed evacuation and disaster prevention plan as fire level increases and have identified the suitability of disaster prevention through evacuation and fire simulation, countermeasure of a water leakage during construction and operation considering the subaqueous tunnel. And we selected EPB shield TBM equipment considering the ground condition and effect of boring hole, and accomplished reasonable water protection design through setting goals using event-tree method, as well as examining model test of boring hole and flooding in heavy rain. Also included structured total system consist of water leakage sensing system, water protection gate, pumping system and fire protection system to respond systematically in emergency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 한국GIS학회 2004년도 GIS/RS 공동 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.607-612
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• 2004

Together with the requirements of tunnels, its construction methods and technologies have been pretty much developed, but frequent accidents happened under the constructions are just one of important problems which should be improved. To detect the potential hazardous factors in or ahead of time, speedy and accurate measurement are absolutely required, but currently surveying method using tapes, level and total station, has been generally taken in measuring of tunnel convergence and crown. The purpose of this study is, as using of 'Industrial photogrammetry' system which is supplying more accuracy and speedy in the measure of tunnel convergence, aimed at promotion of tunnel measurement technique and development in unmanned automatic measuring system in the future finally.e finally.