• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.153-166
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• 2002

This study aims to reveal the influence of price increase in gasoline on household expenditure trade-off. The subjects were 651 households, acquired the first quarter of 1996 and 1997. This study shows the change of the auto fuel budget share in the same household and they were analyzed with the paired t-test, independent t-test. The results are as follows; 1) the price increase of auto gasoline resulted in the increase of its budget share, regardless of a household's true increase or decrease of income. 2) according to price increase in gasoline, the auto fuel budget share has been changed, therefore I divided these changes into three group on the base of it's degree of change. 3) In the group that had a decrease in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there was a trade-off between the increase in food and light & light water and the decrease of education and auto fuel budget share. Auto fuel in this group was used as discretionary good. 4) In the group that had a similar change in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there were no trade-off between expenditure items except auto fuel budget share and miscellaneous decrease. This group is the highest income group among the three groups. 5) In the group that had and increase of change in auto fuel budget share compared to the degree of change, there was a trade-off between the increase of eating-out and auto fuel, and the decrease of education and miscellaneous budget share. Auto fuel in this group was used as a discretionary good. 6) trade-off expenditure budget share showed a mixed effect between the influence of increase in gasoline price and influence of increase in true income.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-119
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• 2008

To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2008

This study aims at determining attitudes of elementary and middle school students getting inclusive education and their parents toward students with disabilities to provide basic data for desirable inclusive education. Questionnaires were given to 3 elementary schools and 2 middle schools and the participants were 117 elementary students, 288 middle students, 98 parents of elementary school students and 156 parents of middle school students. Three areas of attitude were observed the cognitive area, the affective-behavioral area, and the area of perceived effect on learning area. The data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. The results indicated as follows; First, there was no significant difference in attitude by gender. Second, middle school students had a more negative attitude toward the students with disabilities than elementary school students. Third, students had more positive attitudes than their parents toward students with disabilities when the affective-behavioral area was analyzed, whereas the opposite was true when the area of perceived effect on learning area was analyzed.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.13-30
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• 2015

The mathematical object is conceptual. Thus we can not prove the property of mathematical object in experimental viewpoint but in conceptual viewpoint. We performed the experiment for 28 middle school students to investigate whether they understand this. As a result, the majority of student didn't cognize the limit of experimental method. We had also individual interviews with four students. As results, one student was exactly cognizing the limit of experimental method, but he couldn't prove logically. The others didn't cognize the limit of experimental method. They thought that the proposition was already true regardless of the error. And one of them even thought that to be equal approximately was the same of to be equal exactly. Also, one student has confused between the experimental viewpoint and the conceptual viewpoint. This implies that it is necessary to help students understand the limit of experimental method.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.22
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• pp.83-107
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• 1992

The Purpose of this paper is to suggest directions for the future education of Library management. For this purpose, some theoretical backgrounds are traced based on the historical events, the standards provided by international and national organizations, and theories suggested through researches. And the percentages of library management subjects in the curricula of ten Library and Information Science Departments are calculated divided by compulsory and elective ones, along with the contents analyses of a few textbooks in the field. The hypotheses to be tested are as follows: 1. The American postgraduate library education was introduced into Korea as an undergraduate course. So the importance of the subject of library management was recognized as in America, and the numbers of subject Would have been increased, and the contents detailed. 2. The contents of the subject taught would not have changed much since its introduction. It means that they will be almost the same as those were prevalent in the United States of America in the 1950s, when the American education was brought into Korea. The hypotheses can be accepted as being true. Based on the conclusions, some suggestions, including the teaching of the subject should be directed more towards management aspects rather than administrative ones, are provided.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.42-54
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• 2021

In this study, we examine how scientific background is developed in order to raise the systematic strategy of scientific literate person's training, and provide the necessary foundation for the structure of future scientific literate person's training programs. For this purpose, we analyzed newspaper articles at the expert workshop of science education, discussed the true nature of scientific literate person, and derived the mechanism of manifesting scientific background. The derived mechanism was ranked in the order of understanding, empathy, execution, and sympathy. Using the presented stages and the parameters of stage transition, it is possible to construct an educational program and train the actual scientific literate person through science education when it is applied to school sites.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.89-101
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• 2023

In order to prevent damages caused by cyber-attacks on nations, businesses, and other entities, anomaly detection techniques for early detection of attackers have been consistently researched. Real-time reduction and false positive reduction are essential to promptly prevent external or internal intrusion attacks. In this study, we hypothesized that the type and frequency of attack events would influence the improvement of anomaly detection true positive rates and reduction of false positive rates. To validate this hypothesis, we utilized the 2015 login log dataset from the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Applying the preprocessed data to representative anomaly detection algorithms, we confirmed that using characteristics that simultaneously consider the type and frequency of attack events is highly effective in reducing false positives and execution time for anomaly detection.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.385-395
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• 2015

CPR education to school students is one of the key points to higher bystander CPR rate. The object of this study is to evaluate the results after CPR education to middel school students by health teachers compared to that of pre-education status. During 3 monthes from Mar. to Jun. 2014, the observation data before and after CPR education were analysed through Chi-square test and McNemar's test using SPSS, SAS programs from 812 middle school students in Busan prov. After stratifying those surveyed by genders and previous CPR education experiences, each stratified groups showed positive changes of statistical significnace in all aspects of the knowledge, will, and self-confidence about CPR. (p<0.05). It is the more desirable method to increase bystander CPR that the CPR education including knowledge and practice was done to middle school students by health teachers. To come true these CPR education, more studies are necessary about policy development to support education tranining tools in a community.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.84-101
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• 2019

Purposes: Organizational socialization introductory education for new members is a representative organizational socialization program that enables new members to become true members of an organization and grow into the people they expect from the organization. I analyzed the case of Pop Art Cooperative Learning introductory education for the socialization of the entire organization, which was conducted by Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital of Catholic University, in 13 steps, one month before its opening on April 1, 2019. Methodology: In order to analyze the case, the case study was analyzed in order from education planning to preparation, implementation and evaluation. The important point in this process is that all the members to be input at the start of the treatment are not included in the position and occupation. In the composition of education contents, the core keywords for achieving the vision are derived through each group activity and strategies for achieving spirituality, vision, and vision of Hospital are made and the ideal image of Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital is completed using the pop art technique. All the works produced by each group will be shared by all attendees of the relevant education level and the whole picture of each education order will be completed again with the big picture called - The heart of Jesus Christ the healer♥ - Respectively. Findings: Education Results All the participants showed high satisfaction and they shared the vision and mission of Eunpyeong St. Mary 's Hospital as well as the formation of intimacy and belonging to each other. They recognized the future direction and goal. And contribute to tissue stabilization. Practical Implications: Through this case study, it will be possible to contribute to establishment and implementation of introductory education plan for new members' socialization to new hospitals.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.181-192
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• 2008

This study investigated the usefulness of Consumer Expectation Index to predict real household spending. Specifically, the forecasting impact of the index on clothing, eating-out, entertainment, education, and health consumption area was examined. The results showed that the CEI was a good indicator for the future household spending of clothing, eating-out, entertainment and total consumption but it was not true for the spending of education and health. Most of CEls were significantly correlated with household spending even when household income and CPI were controlled. The impact of CEls on household spending tended to be lagged by one or two quarters.