• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.1 s.85
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• pp.64-74
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• 2005

To develop the diet for Korean type 2 diabetic patients, a consumer survey was conducted (N=35) and was analyzed statistically. The survey compared the results of a questionnaire, somatometry, and blood parameters before and 8 weeks after the experiment. It was divided into Diabetic diet enforcement group (DDE) vs. Non diabetic diet enforcement group (NDDE). There was no significant difference in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the subjects before and 8 weeks after the experiment. DDE's average fasting glucose (FBG) and post prandial 2 hours blood glucose (PP2) were significantly decreased before and after the experiment (p<0.05). NDDE's average FBG and PP2 showed no significant difference. In terms of Hemoglobin $A_lC\;(HbA_1C)$ content, DDE's had significantly decreased level both before and after the experiment (p<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the NDDE group. Cholesterol and High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly different in DDE (p<0.05) both before and after the experiment. Whereas in the case of NDDE, there was no significant difference on the cholesterol and HDL-C, while DDE's showed a significant difference before and after the experiment. In terms of patients distribution depending on their treatment (p<0.05), NDDE had no significant difference before and after the experiment. For an item asking blood glucose control, DDE had significant difference before and after the experiment (p<0.01), while NDDE had no significant difference. For program satisfaction (p<0.05) and health (p<0.001), both the groups changed significantly after the experiment. But there was no significant difference in applying it to their real life after the experiment. Based on these results, DDE had the decreased blood glucose levels, $HbA_1C$, and cholesterol and increased HDL-C, with decreased rate of the patients taking oral hypoglycemic agents. In addition, many of the patients who participated in the experiment were found to be satisfied with the program, in terms of having less trouble in glucose control and exhibited improvement in health. Hence, based on the above results it was concluded that program was a very successful one for the treatment of diabetes.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.250-255
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among plasma leptin, lipid profiles, insulin levels, and percentage of body fat of 72 schoolchildren from Obese Clinic Center in Seoul. The subjects divided into two groups: 39 obesity children [obesity index greater than $20\%$] who did not have a discernable medical cause of their obesity and 33 children with a obesity index less than $20\%$. The mean age, height, and obesity index of the subjects were 10.4 years, 144.0 cm, and $21.3\%$, respectively. The mean glucose and insulin levels of the obese children were 80.5 mg/dl and $13.3\;{\mu}IU/mL$ and those of the non obese children were 82.0 mg/dl and $4.2\;{\mu}IU/mL$, respectively. Obese children had significantly (p<0.05) higher level of total cholesterol, triglyceride, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and insulin concentration than non-obese children. However obese children had a lower level of HDL-cholesterol than non-obese children. Plasma leptin level were also positively correlated with BMI (p<0.000l), body fat (p<0.0001), tricep skinfold thickness (p<0.0001), mid arm circumference (p<0.0001), and waist hip ratio (p<0.0001). Plasma leptin showed a significantly positive correlation with insulin (p<0.0001), total cholesterol (p<0.0001), LDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001), and triglyceride (p<0.0001) levels, however, it was negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (p<0.0001) levels. In conclusion, the concentration of leptin in the blood is significantly correlated with the amount of body fat, BMI, plasma insulin, and plasma lipid profiles.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease risk factors in Korean type 2 diabetes patients. The subjects were 429 (male: 218, female: 211) type 2 DM patients visited DM clinic, and they were classified into quartiles based on $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min, Insulin Tolerance Test). Anthropometric and biochemical characteristics, and dietary intakes by Food Frequency Questionnaire were assessed. The means of waist circumference, fat mass, percent body fat and abdominal fat thickness were significantly higher in the lowest quartile (the most insulin resistant group) than in the highest quartile (the least insulin resistant group) of $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min)(p<0.05), For hematological values, the lowest quartile showed significantly higher fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin, triglyceride, ApoB/apoA-1 ratio and C-reactive protein compared to the highest quartile (p < 0.05). Moreover, $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min) was negatively correlated with waist circumference, fat mass, percent body fat, abdominal fat thickness and fasting blood concentrations of glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, insulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, ApoB/apoA-1 ratio and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). Nutrient intakes were not significantly different among the quartile groups of $K_{ITT}$ index (%/min) and also not correlated with insulin resistance, however, they showed correlation with obesity parameters (BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, vat mass, abdominal fat thickness), which were strongly associated with insulin resistance. In conclusion, cardiovascular disease risk would be higher as the insulin resistance grows in Korean type 2 DM patients, and nutrient intakes would affect to the insulin resistance through the effect on anthropometric parameters.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine serum antioxidant nutrients and the relationship between serum antioxidants and risks of chronic diseases in obese Korean children Methods: Normal weight Korean school children (0=170), mean age of 11.5$\pm$1.5, and obese (body fat mass > $28\%$) children (0=176), mean age of 11.0$\pm$1.8, were recruited Fat mass ($\%$) was determnined by Bioelectrical Impedance (BEI), and body mass index (BMI) was calculated Fasting blood was collected to measure serum antioxidant nutrients, vitamin A, vitamin E and zinc. Serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), high density cholesterol (HDL) and triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPI) were also determined. Differences in serum blood measurements between obese and normal children were assessed by independent t test. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between variables. Results: Blood glucose, GPT, total cholesterol, and triglycerides concentrations were significantly higher among obese boys, compared to normal boys (p<005). Significantly lower concentrations of serum vitamin E, after adjustment for TG and TC, was shown in obese boys (0.26 mg/mg) and obese girls (0.31 mg/mg), compared to normal boys (0.36 mg/mg) and girls (0.38 mg/mg) (p<0.05). Fat mass ($\%$) was negatively con-elated with serum vitamin A and vitamin E. Conclusion: Obese Korean children showed insufficient serum vitamin E concentration and increased risk for diabetes, atherosclerosis, and liver disease. Since lower vitamin E concentration was negatively con-elated with atherogenic index, improved vitamin E status in children may decrease the risk of atherosclerosis later in life.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to examine the hypoglycemic effect of chlorella in 6 week-old type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK, n=30) rats and 6 week-old normal Wistar (n=30) rats. Animals were randomly assigned to 3 groups respectively, and were fed three different experimental diets containing 0%, 3% or 5% (w/w) chlorella for 8 weeks. In diabetic GK rats, the insulinogenic-indices were not significantly different among the groups. The concentrations of fasting plasma glucagon and hepatic triglyceride, and the insulin/glucagon ratios of the GK-3% chlorella and GK-5% chlorella groups were significantly lower than those of the GK-control group. The HOMA-index and the concentrations of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin of the GK-3% chlorella and GK-5% chlorella groups were slightly lower than those of the GK-control group. In normal Wistar rats, the insulinogenic-indices were not significantly different among the normal groups, but that of the Wistar-5% chlorella group was slightly higher than the other groups. The concentrations of fasting blood glucose and plasma insulin, and the HOMA-index of the Wistar-5% chlorella group were a little higher, and the fasting plasma glucagon concentration and the insulin/glucagon ratio of the Wistar-5% chlorella group were significantly higher than those of the Wistar-control and Wistar-3% chlorella groups. In conclusion, this study shows that the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was not affected by the intake of chlorella, which could be beneficial, however, in improving insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic GK and normal Wistar rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2024

Objective: This study investigated the relationship of anthropometric and metabolic risk factors with seminal and sex steroidal hormone parameters in a screened population of healthy males. Methods: The participants were healthy young men without chronic or congenital diseases. The body composition parameters that we investigated were measured weight, height, and waist circumference (WC), as well as bioelectrical impedance analysis. Semen samples were analyzed for semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility and morphology, seminal pH, and liquefaction time. Biochemistry analysis, including glucose and lipid metabolism parameters, was conducted on fasting blood samples. Testicular volume was calculated separately for each testis using ultrasonography. Results: Body mass index exhibited an inverse association with total sperm count. WC showed negative correlations with numerous seminal parameters, including sperm concentration, total sperm count, sperm morphology, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. The basal metabolic rate was associated with seminal pH, liquefaction time, and sperm motility. WC, fat mass percentage, and triglyceride levels exhibited negative correlations with sex hormone binding globulin. The measures of glucose metabolism were associated with a greater number of seminal parameters than the measures of cholesterol metabolism. C-reactive protein levels were inversely associated with sperm concentration and total sperm count. Conclusion: Anthropometric and metabolic risk factors were found to predict semen quality and alterations in sex steroidal hormone levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.741-747
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• 2001

The effects of fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris on the growth, the food intake, the food efficiency ratio, the lipid metabolism, the serum protein level ad enzyme activity in male rats were studied. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed four types of diets for five weeks, respectiely: a control diet, a control diet supplemented with 2%, 3% or 4% fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris(CF) powder. In rats fed 2% or 3% CF diets the body weight gain, the food intake, the concentratons of hepatic triglyceride and serum LDL-cholesterol, the atherogenic index, and the total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid in serum were similar to those in rats fed the control diet. Whereas, in 4% CF diet these were significantly decrased. But the all CF diets feeding could not decrease the food efficiency ratio, the weights of liver, pancreas, spleen, kidney and heart, and the concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol. Also, it was shown that the concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, urea and creatinine, and the GOT, GPT, LDH, ${\gamma}$-GTP and ALP activities were the same levels in serum of rats of fed all the experimental diets.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid compositions and hepatic functional enzyme activities in the serum of streptozotocin(STZ, 50 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose and lipid compositions(total cholesterol, ${\beta}$-lipoprotein, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglyceride and phospholipid) and atherosclerotic index in serum were significantly lower in the DM+CM group than in the DM group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol in the DM+CM group were higher than in the DM group. The activities of hepatic functional enzymes(aminotransferase, LDH and ALP) in serum were lower in the Cordyceps militaris extract administration group(group DM+CM) than in the hyperglycemic DM group. The results shown above suggested that Cordyceps militaris extract supplementation effectively improves blood glucose and atherosclerosis in the serum of diabetic rats.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2007

Type 2 diabetes mellitus relavant to insulin resistance is a chronic and hard to control. In order to develop an antidiabetic agent from natural products, anti-hyperglycemic effect of herbal formula containing Mori Follium, Euonymi Lignum Suberalatum and Ginseng Radix(MEG) was investigated in db/db mice. Treatment group was administered orally with MEG formula at a dose of 300 mg/kg for 5 weeks, and blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels were determined. MEG treatment group showed a marked decrease in fasting blood glucose level and insulin resistance index(IRI) compared to those in diabetic control. Improvement of insulin resistance(60.6%) was indicative of reducing lipid levels in plasma and triglyceride contents in muscle and adipose tissue. In addition, expressions of an insulin responsive gene, glucose transporter 4(Glut4), in muscle and adipose tissue were upregulated in MEG treatment group. Compared islet morphology between groups, MEG formula prevented the ${\beta}$-cell destruction caused by high blood glucose. Taken together, MEG formula can act as an anti-hyperglycemic agent with insulin sensitizing effect, and thus deserves a clinical trial in the future.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.485-494
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the improvement effect of 5% turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on the blood glucose and lipid metabolism function of streptozotocin (STZ, 45 mg/kg body weight)-induced diabetic rats. Seven-week-old male rats were divided into four groups (n=6), and fed experimental diets containing turmeric meal [basal diet+5% turmeric (BT), basal diet+STZ+5% turmeric (ST)], and control (BD), BS groups (basal diet+STZ). The results of this study, turmeric diet groups (BT, ST) in lipid component as evidenced from the significantly reduction of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol), atherosclerotic index (AI), cardiac risk factor (CRF), triglyceride (TG), phospholipid (PL), free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, uric acid, blood glucose, non esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and elevation of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol). The serum albumin and globulin contents were increased in turmeric supplementation diet than STZ-induced diabetic rats (p<0.05). Concentrations of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) in sera were lower in the turmeric diet than diabetic group. Total calcium (T-Ca), phosphorus (Pi) and potassium (K) concentrations in sera were higher in the BT, ST and BD groups than BS group. In vivo experiments with Sprague-Dawley rats showed that ingestion of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were effective in the blood glucose and lipid metabolism functional improvement.