• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.211-221
• /
• 2021

The Rabbit grass(Trifolium Repens, call it 'Clover') is a representative harmful plant of lawn, and it starts growing earlier than lawn, forming a water pipe on top of the lawn and hindering the photosynthesis and growth of the lawn. As a result, in competition between lawn and clover, clover territory spreads, but lawn is damaged and dried up. Damage to the affected lawn area will accelerate during the rainy season as well as during the plant's rear stage, spreading the area where soil is exposed. Therefore, the restoration of damaged lawn is causing psychological stress and a lot of economic burden. The purpose of this study is to distinguish clover which is a representative harmful plant on lawn, to identify the distribution of damaged areas due to the spread of clover, and to review of changes in vegetation before and after the eradication of clover. For this purpose, a time series analysis of three vegetation indices calculated based on images of convergence Drone with RGB(Red Green Blue) and BG-NIR(Near Infra Red)sensors was reviewed to identify the separation between lawn and clover for selective eradication, and the distribution of damaged lawn for recovery plan. In particular, examined timeseries changes in the ecology of clover before and after the weed-whacking by manual and brush cutter. And also, the method of distinguishing lawn from clover was explored during the mid-year period of growth of the two plants. This study shows that the time series analysis of the MGRVI(Modified Green-Red Vegetation Index), NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and MSAVI(Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index) indices of drone-based RGB and BG-NIR images according to the growth characteristics between lawn and clover can confirm the availability of change trends after lawn damage and clover eradication.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.149-153
• /
• 1989

Volatile terpenes responsible for allelopathic activity in four weed species were identified using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. Artemisia asiatica Nakai contained 26 volatile terpenes, consisting of 16 monoterpenes and 10 sesquiterpenes, whereas there were only four terpenes in Trifolium repens L. and three terpenes each in Portulaca oleracea L. and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L,) Medik. Suspected allelochemics were ${\alpha}$-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, limonene, ${\alpha}$-pinene, borneol, selinene, and caryophyllene in A. asiatica, ${\alpha}$-pinene and ${\beta}$-caryophyllene in T. repens, and ${\alpha}$-pinene in C. bursapastoris. No these compounds were found in P. oleracea.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 1987

Field and greenhouse trials were conducted to evaluate application variables including spray volume, surfactant, and simulated rain affecting phytotoxicity of glyphosate for enhancing efficacy of postemergence herbicides. Glyphosate phytotoxicity was increased by addition of surfactants, L-77 and Triton CS-7 to glyphosate solution in Artmesia princeps and Equisetum arvense and addition of Triton CS-7 to glyphosate solution enhanced control of Trifoliurn repens. Simulated rain within 4 or 8 hours after glyphosate application reduced glyphosate phytotoxicity. However, addition of L-77 and Triton CS-7 to glyphosate solution increased glyphosate phytotoxicity reduced by simulated rain in Artmesia princeps and Trifolium repens.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.313-322
• /
• 2007

The object of this experiment was to investigate the food habits of dairy goats fed with various roughage sources. The experimental trials were conducted at Chungnam National University in 2007. The experimental roughages include five sources and 25 species in all; grass sources: 5 species (Lolium perenne, Festuca arundinacea, Poa pratensis, Agrostis alba and mixed grass, legume sources: 5 species (Trifolium pratense, Medicago sativa, Trifolium repens, Melilotus officinalis and Vicia villosa), browse sources : 5 species (Quercus serrata Thunb., Prunus jamasakura Sieb., Quercus aliena Blume, Robinia pseudoaccacia and Pinus densiflora), weed sources: 5 species (Artemisia princeps Pampanini, Erigeron canadensis, Alopecurus aegualis Sobolewski, Echinochloa crusgalli var. frumentacea (Roxb.) Wight and Rumex crispus), and native grass sources: 5 species (Zoysia japonica Steudel, Agropyron tsukushiense var. transiens (Hack) Ohwi., Arundinella hirta (Thunb.) Tanaka, Miscanthus sinensis Anderss and Phragmites comunis Trin). Ten dairy goats(Saanen) were selected which had nearly the same body weight(average 31kg). Experimental roughages were prepared by 0.5kg per 1 species fed to dairy goats, and the experiment was carried out from 09:00 to 18:00. The chemical composition and dry matter digestibility of each roughage source and species were significantly different at the sampling area, plant species, growth stages and cutting period. The dairy goats ate more roughages which had low fibrous contents, but high dry matter digestibility. Among all the 25 species of roughages, the favorite intake species order by dairy goat was observed like this: perennial ryegrass, tall fescue and red clover, respectively, and the lower intake species order was Rumex crispus. On the other hand, compared to each roughage source, total intake amount by dairy goats was showed as forage grasses (59.0%) which contained grasses(33.3%) and legumes (25.7%), browse (19.6%), weeds (15.9%) and native grasses (5.5%). Based on the result, the food intake type of dairy goats seems to be closer to grazer type.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.1 no.4
• /
• pp.24-30
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to select the cover crops in organic apple orchard by estimating the coverage of each cover crops and time-periodic weed occurrence. Seeding of Festuca myuros and Trifolium repens showed high contents of soil organic matter and phosphorus as compared with control. Seeding of Trifolium sp., Hordeum vulgare and Secale cereal reduced relatively occurrence of weed in May and S. cereal among others showed the greatest effect in June. In July, seeding F. arundinaceae and Poa pratensis showed low coverage and a lot of weeds occurred in their field. Fifty one species were occurred as weeds and it needs to removal of high and broadleaf weeds such as Chenopodium ficifolium, C. album var. centrorubru and Humulus japonicus in spring to increase the rate of ground cover. P. pratensis having the lowest cover rate showed the similar dry weight of weeds as compared with control. Trifolium sp. and Persicaria hydropiper had a high correlation with contents of soil organic matter and C. album var. centrorubru had a correlation with contents of soil phosphorus by CCA analysis.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.49-60
• /
• 1986

Ultrastructures of the large and elongated cells (idioblasts) in the haustorium of a parasitic angiosperm, Cuscuta australis R. Brown growing on the host plant, Trifolium repens L. were investigated by the electron microscopy. The idioblasts were characterized by the presence of a large nucleus, small vacuoles, and dense cytoplasm including a number of various cell organelles such as ribosome, rough endoplasmic reticulum(r-ER), mitochondrion, dictyosome, proplastid, multilamellar structure(MLS), microfilament bundle(MFB), and cytosegresome. Therefore, it is suggested that the idioblasts are metabolical1y very active. Particularly, MLS, MFB, and cytosegresome observed in this study did not appear in the haustorial cells of the other parasitic angiosperms. MLS was transformed into vacuole and also incorporated with cell wall. MFB composed of microfilaments, about each 7.5 nm in diameter, was observed in nucleus and also cytoplasm. Some types of MFB were distinguished on the basis of arrangement of microfilaments. A part of cytoplasm sequestered by stacked cisternae of smooth ER(s-ER), cytosegresome, was altered into a vacuole which was formed by digestion of the sequestered cytoplasm and of cisternae of s-ER. Cell organelles such as MLS, MFB, and cytosegresome were discussed in relation to the metabolic control of the idioblasts.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.68-76
• /
• 1989

The effect of characteristic of mixture sowing combination on the development of botanical composition was conducted for 12 years on the meadow experiment. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. Festuca pratensis lost the expected position of a dominant species. Its vegetation ratio decreased gradually until the last survey year. 2. Arrhenatherum elatius, known as a typical 2-cutting grasss, developed to a dominant species only in the 3- cutting plot without limitation. 3. Alopecurus pratensis, whose feeding value diminishes rapidly, developed to a dominant species regardless of N-fertilization under the condition of 3-cutting, even though the same small amount of seeding was introduced as usual. 4. Trisetum flavescens which causes calcinose exceeded the 40% of vegetation ratio which was the approved rate for feeding at the high N-level (2OOKgIha). 5. Among the introduced, the species showed the significance in quantity were Lotus corniculafus solely in the 2-cutting plot, and Trifolium repens solely in the 3-cutting plot. In the 3-cutting plot legume yet remained under N-fertilization. 6. The appropriate ratio of vegetation for the subordinate species in the mixture sowing combination was easily attained from the least amount of seeding (Gramineae with max. 3Kg/ha, Leguminosae with max. 2kgIha). 7. Into the mixture sowing combination, infiltrated unintroduced species marked more noticeably in the 2- cutting plot than in the 3-cutting plot.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.9
• /
• pp.1289-1297
• /
• 2016

The walls of guard cells have many specialized features. Guard cells are present in the leaves of bryophytes, ferns, and almost all vascular plants. However, they exhibit considerable morphological diversities. There are two types of guard cells: the first type is found in a few monocots, such as palms and corn, and the other is found in most dicots, many monocots, mosses, ferns, and gymnosperms. In corns, guard cells have a characteristic dumbbell shape with bulbous ends. Most dicot and monocot species have kidney-shaped guard cells that have an elliptical contour with a pore at its center. Although subsidiary cells are common in species with kidney-shaped stomata, they are almost always absent in most of the other plants. In this study, there were many different stomatal features that were associated with kidney-shaped guard cells, but not dumbbell shaped guard cells, which are present in most grasses, such as cereals. Each plant investigated exhibited different characteristic features and most of these plants had kidney-shaped guard cells. However, the guard cells of Chamaesyce supina Mold, were often more rectangular than kidney-shaped. In contrast, Sedum sarmentosum guard cells were of the sink ensiform type and in Trifolium repens, the guard cells exhibited a more rhombic shape. Therefore, kidney-shaped guard cells could be divided into a number of subtypes that need to be investigated further.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.43-62
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to offer the raw data for management and conservation of Korean ecosystem by surveying the present conditions and characteristics of flora to select the ecological and landscape conservation area, Ilwolsan(Mt.), Korea. The numbers of flora in Mt. Ilwol were summarized as 582 taxa including 94 families, 307 genera, 508 species, 4 subspecies, 61 varieties and 9 formas. The rare plants were 15 taxa including Clematis koreana, Aristolochia contorta, Daphne pseudomezereum var. koreana, Iris odaesanensis and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 14 taxa including Pseudostellaria coreana, Philadelphus schrenckii, Galium koreanum, Weigela subsessilis and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 29 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Parasenecio firmus, Sorbaria sorbifolia var. stellipila, Acer mandshuricum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica and so forth. The naturalized plants were 22 taxa including Fallopia dumetorum, Rumex nipponicus, Trifolium repens, Sonchus asper, Phleum pratense and so forth. A set of important area is rare plant, Korean endemic plant, specific plant emerge a lot of areas.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 1989

Larval development and adult oviposition of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Heliothis assulta were examined with tobacco leaves sprayed with aqueous or ethanolic extracts from ten selected wild plant species. High larval mortality was observed with extracts from Rhamnus davurice. Persicaria hydroPiPer, Forsythia koreana, Trifolium repens, Styrax japonica, Ginkgo bi/oba, and vilis amurensis. Most of larval mortality occurred during first and second instar, apparently due to antifeeding effects of plant extracts. These extracts also prolonged developmental period of survived larvae and increased the number of larval molts. Oviposition was not affected as much as the larval mortality, but Rhamnus davurice and Styrax jaPonica extracts reduced the number of eggs laid by more than fifty percent.