• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.201-216
• /
• 2017

Objective: This research aimed to understand patients' perceptions of Korean medicine treatment for osteoporosis in a clinical trial setting. Methods: Ten patients participating in a clinical trial of a herbal medicine drug for osteoporosis were invited to an interview. Data were collected by in-depth interviews and patient observations. This qualitative study adopted the case study research method, and within-case and cross-case analyses were conducted. Results: A model of the patients' osteoporosis management planning was derived from the study. The results showed that the patients' perceptions of osteoporosis were derived from their knowledge and experience during diagnosis and treatment of the condition. Two groups of patients were recognized: those who overlooked the importance of osteoporosis and those who recognized the importance of osteoporosis. Before making treatment decisions about osteoporosis, the patients evaluated the treatment options and weighed the advantages and disadvantages of each option. When evaluating their treatment, the patients combined their knowledge and experience of Korean and western medicine treatments. Their experience of participating in the clinical trial influenced the management planning of osteoporosis. Two major reasons for low compliance with osteoporosis treatment were ignorance of the disease and insufficient information provided by doctors. Conclusion: The results of this qualitative study pointed to four strategies that could be employed to improve accessibility to Korean medicine treatment for osteoporosis: the dissemination of comprehensive information on osteoporosis in the clinic and mass media, promotion of Korean medicine therapies for osteoporosis, management of clinical trial participants, and insurance coverage for Korean medicine.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 2004

Background: The VLCD that supplies only 400-800kcal meal per day has a lot of problems and can severely harm the health. Certain herbs are known to the side-effects such as weakness, skin dehydration, and dizziness. If VLCD with meal-replacement containing these hearbs can effectively minimize the side-effects, it make weight management easier and reduce any possible danger the health. Objectives: This prospective, double-blinded study is intended to compare the severity of symptoms induced by VLCD and weight loss between the case group supplied with meal-replacement herbal extracts(n=29) and controlled group supplied with meal-replacement not containing herbal extracts(n=29). This was with 52 volunteers for 4 weeks. The measurements of this experiment were as follows: symptoms caused by patients' subjective judgments, the result of blood test illustratingerol level, total protein etc., and changes in overall weight, fat mass and lean body mass. Result: we concluded that there are no significant differences in weight change between case group and controlled group, and that the total protein at the end of trial was significantly higher in case group than in controlled group, and triglyceride level at the end of trial was lower in case group than in controlled group. As expected, the side-effects such as hair loss and dehydration in skin are also lessin case group than in controlled group.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제28권1호통권69호
• /
• pp.63-71
• /
• 2007

Objectives : To provide an objective assessment of the effectiveness for weight loss of Mahuang. Methods : Effects were assessed by measuring changes in body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat (kg, %),body muscle, and abdominal f3t ratio. The subjects of this study were healthy adults who agreed to participate in this study. Eligibility requirements include age between 20 and 50 and BMI more than 18.5 kg/m2. One hundred subjects were randomly assigned to two groups (control and Mahuang group) in a double-blind manner. Mahuang group subjects took 8g of Mahuang capsule/day for two weeks; control subjects took the same amount of indistinguishable placebo. We analyzed the body weight, body mass index, body fat, abdominal fat, body muscle and BMR (basal metabolic rate) before and after the study. Result After two weeks of clinical trial, body weight and BMI decreased in both groups, but the Mahuang group showed more significant decrease. On body fat, the Mahuang group showed significant decrease. while it increased in the placebo group. Although body muscle, body fat ratio and basic metabolic rate showed differences between the two groups, there was no statistical significance. Conclusion : It is suggested that intake of Mahuang may induce weight loss and body f3f decrease in healthy adults.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.50-63
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyze methods and outcomes about fasting for obesity in korea medicine research. Methods: We searched the studies with key words of 'obesity' and 'fasting or starvation' in Korean database (Korean traditional knowledge portal, OASIS, KISS, KMBASE, DBPIA, RISS). Studies were analyzed for contents, evaluation methods and adverse effects. Results: Twenty-one studies were reviewed. Studies were published in 1983~2015. 1. Studies can be classified into three types: comparative study on before and after, comparative study between groups, case study on other disease occurred during the fasting therapy period. 2. The most common step of fasting were 3 steps: reducing food intakes period (3~5 days), fasting period (7~10 days) and refeeding period (3~5 days) and additional period-diet period (28 days). 3. The most common evaluation methods were body weight (BW), body fat mass (BFM), muscle weight (MW), fat free mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, etc. 4. BW, BFM, MW were reduced largely in fasting period. 5. The most common adverse effects were fatigue, nausea, headache, vomiting, insomnia, etc. Conclusions: As a result of the review papers, fasting therapy have positive effects for obesity. To verify the effectiveness of the fasting, more studies are needed such as randomized controlled trial.

• 한방비만학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This study was performed to identify the effects of high frequency therapy on localized obesity. Methods : This trial was carried out in 12 volunteers. Volunteers were divided into 3 groups; upper arm group (n=4), thigh group (n=4) and abdomen group (n=4) according to local obesity type. Body weight and body fat were measured by Inbody 720 and CT (Computed Tomography) immediately before and following high frequency therapy. Diathermy was performed twice a week for 4 weeks for a total of 8 treatments. Results : In the upper arm group, body weight, body fat mass, fat area by CT scan and circumference were increased after treatment but not significantly (p>0.05). In the thigh group, body weight, body fat mass and circumference were decreased and fat area by CT scan was increased but both not significantly (p>0.05). In the abdomen group, significant differences were not found despite decreases in body weight, body fat mass, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat after diathermy (p>0.05). Conclusions : There was no significant effects of high frequency therapy on localized obesity.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권6호
• /
• pp.1261-1264
• /
• 2008

In the present study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (50:50 ratio of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 isomers) for 8 weeks on body composition and biochemical parameters in healthy overweight/obese (body mass index, BMI${\geq}23\;kg/m^2$) Korean subjects was performed, Thirty participants (3 males and 27 females) were randomized to receive placebo (2.4 g olive oil/day) or 2.4g/day CLA (mixture containing 36.9% of cis-9, trans-11 and 37.9% of trans-10, cis-12). Eight weeks of CLA supplementation significantly decreased body weight by -0.75kg, BMI by $-0.27\;kg/m^2$, and hip circumference by -1.11 cm. The reduction of body weight was ascribed to the reduction of body fat mass (-0.59 kg) and lean body mass (-0.18 kg), although these changes were not significant. No significant differences in serum lipid profiles, liver function enzyme activities, and protein concentration were observed in either the CLA or placebo groups. These results indicate that short tenn supplementation (8 weeks) with CLA (2.4 g/day) may decrease body weight in Korean overweight/obese subjects.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.529-543
• /
• 2022

The lattice-spring-based synthetic rock mass model (LS-SRM) technique has been extensively employed in large open-pit mining and underground projects in the last decade. Since the LS-SRM requires a complex and time-consuming calibration process, a robust approach was developed using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the calibration procedure. For this purpose, numerical models were designed using the Box-Behnken Design technique, and numerical simulations were performed under uniaxial and triaxial stress states. The model input parameters represented the models' micro-mechanical (lattice) properties and the macro-scale properties, including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), elastic modulus, cohesion, and friction angle constitute the output parameters of the model. The results from RSM models indicate that the lattice UCS and lattice friction angle are the most influential parameters on the macro-scale UCS of the specimen. Moreover, lattice UCS and elastic modulus mainly control macro-scale cohesion. Lattice friction angle (flat joint fiction angle) and lattice elastic modulus affect the macro-scale friction angle. Model validation was performed using physical laboratory experiment results, ranging from weak to hard rock. The results indicated that the RSM model could be employed to calibrate LS-SRM numerical models without a trial-and-error process.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.191-199
• /
• 2000

본 실험은 고형퇴비화 처리용 부자재 비용절감 및 생물계 폐기물의 퇴비화 작업효율을 개선하기 위하여 연속 및 간헐통기 퇴적식 호기성 퇴비화 시스템에 필요한 기초 연구자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 유우분과 왕겨 (I) 그리고 유우분과 1차 순환퇴비 (II) 및 2차 순환퇴비 (III)를 전처리 혼합하여 $12.3{\;}{\ell}$의 회분식 원통형 발효조 3개의 동일한 수준에 같은 성질의 실험재료를 넣어 10일간 실험하였다. 이때, 통기량은 연속통기(CA)는 $0.3~0.6{\;}{\ell}/min.kg.dm$, 간헐통기 (IA)는 $0.1~0.2{\;}{\ell}/min.kg.dm$ 범위로 5분 통기 55분 정지 방법으로 퇴비화 처리하였다. 퇴비화 과정중 발효조의 내부 온도는 잡초종자 및 병원균 사멸을 위한 퇴비화 적정온도인 $55~60^{\circ}C$를 연속통기 (CA)는 38~78시간, 간헐통기 (IA)는 37~98시간 유지하였다. 순환퇴비의 혼합량이 증가함에 따라서, 암모니아 휘산 농도는 증가하였으며, 연속 통기시 최고 농도는 110, 160, 287 ppm을 나타냈으며, 간헐 통기 방법을 이용한 퇴비화 경우는 52, 76, 420 ppm을 나타냈다. 이는 순환퇴비의 탄질비가 17.6, 22 그리고 16.5로 낮기 때문이다. 퇴비화 종료 후, 퇴비의 품질은 수분 함량 (MC)이 68~73%로서 40% 이하의 적정 수분 함량으로 건조가 필요하였다. 산도(pH)는 7.9~8.7로서 적정 값 (8이하)보다 약간 높아 후숙 과정이 필요하였으며, 유우분에 순환퇴비를 부자재로 혼합한 실험 II와 III의 경우, 탄질비 (C/N)는 20이하로 적정수준을 나타냈다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.265-278
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This trial were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of Bofutsusho-san(BTS) and Boiogiot-tang(BOT) by oriental obesity pattern identification on obese subjects, as compared to placebo. Methods : 166 subjects(body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) were recruited and randomized to receive BT(n=55), FH(n=55) or placebo(n=56) for 8 weeks. Anthropometric factors, serum lipid, glucose, blood pressure(BP), pulse rate, resting metabolic rate and oriental obesity pattern identification questionnaire were measured at baseline and 8 weeks. Adverse events and safety outcome variables were also checked during trials. Results : The frequency of top-scored oriental obesity pattern was ordered by indigestion(食積) > stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) > yang deficiency(陽虛) > spleen deficiency(脾虛) > phlegm(痰飮) > blood stasis(瘀血) in subjects. BTS group significantly decreased body weight, body mass index(BMI), waist circumference(WC), body fat mass, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) and WC in indigestion(食積). BOT group showed significant decrease of body weight, BMI, WC, and body fat mass in indigestion(食積) not in deficiency(虛症). Adverse events were reported most frequently in yang deficiency(陽虛) by BT group and stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱) by BOT group. Conclusions : Bofu-tsusho-san was effective in treating obesity with stagnation of the liver qi(肝鬱). Obesity pattern identification could be a useful diagnostic tool predicting treatment effects and adverse events.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.12-19
• /
• 2004

Mies van der Rohe is still known as the architect whose influence is the largest among modem architects. As his work is typical of modern architecture, the architecture of Mies shows an interest in materials and techniques, even though It established the new architectural world by glass and iron, and only transparency is emphasized with glass. So it is blame for the loss of peculiarity a result of thinking In the way of sachlich with expression and structure of material and hierarchical relation. Vincent Scully has insist on that an appearance of modem architecture be occur not by simply a technical request of a technician but by reflection of the times and times' spirit. In this means, the works of Mies is the trial to express the new times' spirit that the new times order and an understanding of material properties about glass with new material of modern. For that, this study tries to consider that Mies'work is the new trial through reflection of material to express about the bstraction beyond the limit of sachlich expression, on the point of expresslonal characteristics of material shown in plan of the Barcelona Pavilion and skyscraper and on the basis of the theory of Gottfried Semper and Karl Boetticher that architectural surface Is a medium which can define space and also express mass.