• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2029-2033
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• 2010

Korea have 3 kinds of national railway safety target, which are accident fatalities, train accident rate, and passenger fatality per passenger kilometer. Increase of railway passenger and train operator force to setting up new safety target. Current safety target can not reflect train operator's safety activities because it include suicide and trespass related accident, which are hard to control by the operators. In order to reflect to the 2nd National Integrated Railway Safety Plan, new safety targets are roposed in this study.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.122-128
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• 2017

Korean government announced long-term railway safety investment plan for the safety improvement by 2020. But no research have been done about differential analysis on railroad safety investment and safety improvement. In this study, recent 10 year data on safety investments and accident data are analysed for the differential analysis. Three main safety investments are analysed on regard to accident rate and accident fatalities. Three safety measures include level crossing accident, platform fatalities, and track trespass fatalities. About 90% of railway accident fatalities are caused by these three kind of accidents. Differential analysis shows about 4 to 6 years delay after railroad safety investment and safety improvement. This result can be utilized for the decision making on safety measures and safety target. Which required long term approach.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.3079-3089
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• 2015

In this paper, a smart constrained application protocol (CoAP)-based gateway with a border router is proposed for home safety services to remotely monitor the trespass, fire, and indoor air quality. The smart CoAP gateway controls a home safety sensor node with a pyroelectric infrared motion sensor, a fire sensor, a humidity and temperature sensor, and a non-dispersive infrared CO2 sensor and gathers sensing data from them. In addition, it can convert physical sensing data into understandable information and perform packet conversion as a border router for seamless connection between a low-power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) and the Internet (IPv6). Implementation and laboratory test results verify the feasibility of the smart CoAP gateway which especially can provide about 97.20% data throughput.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2006

This study examined the equivocalness of the standard legislation regarding the present situation of the sunshine-related law to reduce the trespass of the right of sunshine. In order to make more specific standard about that law, it was intended to suggest the distance ratio between apartment houses by the regional groups, the angle of building's direction and the gradient of the ground with the process of subdividing the existing regulation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2009

Nowadays, the lighting of urban nightscape has become important for improvement in city. Lighting the outdoor is different that lighting an interior. Outdoor lighting designs should be designed to minimize glare, light trespass, light clutter and energy conservation to avoid light pollution. Mokpo city launched into a large scale project of the city beautification using outdoor lighting. However, outcomes of outdoor lighting project have faced strong opposition from environmental groups. This study aims to analyze the light pollution of outdoor lighting in Mokpo-si for creating a health night environment. The Radiant Imaging Prometric-1400 was used to measure the luminance of Yudal Mountain, Goha Island and Luminarie Street. The result showed that the all the outdoor lighting produce light pollution and some places like mountain and island did not need a lot of lighting all the time.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2012

The purpose of luminance measurement in lighting design of urban scale is to prevent light trespass and light pollution, caused by over-bright. Specially, the illumination of road, tunnel and sports complex as urban infrastructure is measured by international standard for illuminance and luminance. It has been used the spot luminance meter and the image photometer to define the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative in exterior lighting. This study introduced the concept of HDR Image, procedure of HDR Image creation and analysis. Applications of HDR Image, particularly within the apartment building exterior lighting design analysis, have been demonstrated. The procedure proposed in this study is a affordable method that is useful for the assessment of luminance distribution in the scene with electric light. It also provides a measurement capability with the high resolution luminance data within a large field of view efficiently and quickly, which is not possible to achieve with a luminance meter.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2015

Purpose: Although security lights are used to secure pedestrian visibility and safety at nighttime, they can generate light trespass in the neighboring residential space. To prevent this, standards for acceptance limits on vertical illuminance and light pollution by the windows of residential buildings are presented. Method: This study thus representatively selected three types of lamps and, through an evaluation and analysis of the physical and subjective discomfort glare per lamp, proposed a discomfort glare index for each lamp. The evaluation and analysis according to the lamps were conducted through experiments. The variables were the security lights' lamps (NH 100W, MH 70W, LED 50W), installation angles ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$), and installation distances (3m, 5m, 7m, 9m). Result: According to the results of the discomfort glare evaluation depending on the angles and distances of the security lights, the following minimum standards are proposed: for NH 100W, a discomfort glare index of 30 and an installation distance of 4m; for MH 70W, a discomfort glare index of 32 and an installation distance of 4m; and, for LED 50W, a discomfort glare index of 31 and an installation distance of 6m, respectively. In addition, this paper recommends the use of MH 70W, when the road width is 4m-6m, and LED 50W, when the road width is over 6m, respectively.

• 의료법학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.303-333
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• 2014

The right to self-determination in regard to one's body is a key element of human dignity, privacy and freedom. It is constitutionally enshrined in the guarantee of human dignity, in the general right of personality and, most concretely of all, in the right to physical integrity. In principle No-one may trespass another person's body against his will, whether this act improves his physical condition or not. This right of self-determination applies equally to healthy and to sick people. Hence everyone has the right either to permit or to refuse a medical treatment, unless he can not make a rational decision. If the person does not consent himself, for whatever reason, another one must do for him as guardian. Representation in consent to medical treatment is therefore the exception of self-determination rule. This article explored, 1. who can consent to the medical treatment in the case of the mentally incapacitated adult and the infant, 2. what kind of consent to the medical treatment can the deputy determinate for the mentally incapacitated adult and the infant, 3. when the deputy can not determinate without permission of the court, and 4. what can the doctor do in the case of conflict between minors and guardians.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

There have been light pollution standards just for architectural lighting and sign in the "Light Pollution Abatement Law" so far. However, both of them regulate only one of the three main light pollution elements-"Glare". Therefore, it is imperative to do research on the other two light pollution elements-"Upward" and "Light Trespass" and make proper restriction. Subsequently, this study focuses on the upward light from the street light and suggests its analysis method. Eventually, this study aims to make viable management which is suitable for the nation and, in addition, to suggest appropriate level of restriction to "Light Pollution Abatement Law" by doing site survey.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2019

인공조명은 필수적인 부분이지만, 불필요하거나 과도한 빛의 사용으로 인해 빛공해를 유발시킨다. 빛공해는 전력낭비, 인체의 건강상 악영향, 생태계 파괴 등과 같은 부정적인 영향으로 국 내외에서 법적인 규제를 하고 있다. 하지만 현재는 조명기구 설치 이후의 방법으로만 관리하기 때문에 사전에 빛공해가 유발될 우려가 있는 지역을 효과적으로 관리하고 영향을 저감시키기 위한 빛공해분야 영향평가지침을 제안하고자 한다. 영향평가작성지침을 수립하여 작성자 및 검토자의 혼란을 방지하고 중장기적으로 국내의 빛공해 관리를 효과적으로 수립하는데 활용하고자 한다.