• 한국의사학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.43-62
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• 2009

Yoshimasi Todo (吉益東洞), who thought that the books on herbal medicines are the reason for the complicated explanation of the effects of herbs, thought that the articles from Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases (傷寒論) and Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (金匱要略) are the only books that can identify the effects of herbs. He also thought that the practitioners from the later period have added too much on the original text, which led to his thought that the original text of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases (傷寒論) and Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (金匱要略) did not have the explanation that involves the theory of yin-yang(陰陽), the five phases(五行), and three yin and three yang(三陰三陽). From this, he investigated the standards of using the herbs in the Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (金匱要略) by comparing the articles. In this point of view, Yoshimasi Todo (吉益東洞) said that Poria Scleotium (茯笭) treats palpitations (悸) and 肉瞤筋惕. This meant the symptom of unvoluntary palpitations and the trembling of muscles with wrenching pain. Also, he thought that the symptom of Poria Scleotium (茯笭) in the formula of decoction is shown by the symptoms of dizziness, palpatations, vomiting, trembling of muscles, and cramps. This paper studies on the symptoms that seems close to the meaning of the symptom of Poria Scleotium (茯笭) that Yoshimasi Todo (吉益東洞) meant, which can be summarized to palpatations and trembling of muscles. I wish this paper is of help to those who study Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases (傷寒論), Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber (金匱要略), and the medicine of Yoshimasi Todo (吉益東洞).

• 비교문화연구
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• 제26권
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• pp.353-377
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• 2012

This treatise studies on how ideology and value of Chinese minority race undergo change according to social, political transition that the Chinese minority race has experienced for a long time and I also have tried to elucidate how these kinds of their experiences have been effected upon their own life, even it is part of my basic subjects for my study. Hence I would give weigh to focus on contemplating process of the past and the present rather than predictive discussion of how their pursuing value will be transformed. For my ebullient study, I'm willing to make Yi-Zu's moral culture become axis of my treatise, and capitalize on not only how Han-Zu's ideological philosopies have been disseminated, but also how acculturation have been taken place in Yi-Zu's moral culture system. Yi-Zu has the longest history and the greatest their own population, even the largest residence of various Chinese minority races. And Yun-Nan is the historical place where not only various Chinese minority races have lived, but also acculturation between Chinese majority, Han-Zu and them have been begotten. Above all, I would delve into traditional religion to understand Yi-Zu's moral culture as was already mentioned that it is my axis of treatise. Furthermore, I deliberated on how Taoism have been infiltrated Yi-Zu's moral culture, also how Han-Zu's ideological philosophies have been permeated Yi-Zu's, and what is more how to help themselves still remained in Yi-Zu's. Through my such these efforts, I analyze the aspect of embracing of Han-Zu's moral culture by Yi-Zu's and some facts of vicissitudes about it.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.94-135
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• 2000

Rituals for burying the tae(胎) is a unique royal tradition of Korea that lasted from Unified Shilla(統一新羅) Kingdom to Joseon(朝鮮) dynasty. However, all of the currently known taesil(胎室)s are of the royal descendants of Joseon dynasty. Therefore, Taesils made earlier than Joseon dynasty are only known by historical documents. Taesils of the royal descendants of Joseon Dynasty divide into two kinds. One is for those of princes and princesses and the other is for those of Kings. The structure of taesils of princes and princesses is a stone chest(石函) in a pit which dug on the apex of the Taebong(胎峰) containing a pair of Tae(胎)-urn(the inner urn and outer urn), a stone tablet called Jiseok(誌石) which the date of baby's birth and Tae burial is inscribed in. And a tombstone-shaped stone tablet which called Taesilbi(胎室碑) was built on the ground. And the underground structure of Taesils of Kings is identical with that of taesils of princes and princesses, but instead of just an stone tablet, this has a Budo(浮屠);means stupa of a monk in korean)-shaped stone structure on the top of the stone chest, and an octagon-shaped porch was built around it, and a Tapbi(塔碑) was built. This treatise is focused on the current status and change process of stone ornaments. The subject of this treatise is 54 Taesils which were transferred to Seosamnung(西三陵) during the japanese occupation and Tae-urns and Jiseok(誌石)s from any other Taesil and its stone chest were not included in this treatise. Researches on Taesils can be great help to history by providing resources about genealogy of Jaseon royal family and social, economical status of that time. And researches on stone ornaments and tae-urns from Taesils can provide great help to stone art history and porcelain history of Joseon dynasty.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to proofread 'one ryang' in the Decoction of ${\ll}$Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases${\gg}$. Methods : I found out the ratio of maximum dose and minimum dose in this book. On the basis of the ratio, I corrected 'one ryang' in diverse decoctions. Results : In any decoction, maximum dose of medicinal medica in one decoction could not exceed four times minimum dose. Specifically, in the case that maximum dose in one decoction is sixteen ryang, it could not exceed eight times minimum dose in the same decoction. Any medicinal medica used in two decoctions or more, its maximum dose could not exceed four times minimum dose in other decoctions. On the basis of these results, it should be changed into three ryangs that are one ryang dose of 'Haematitum' of Seonbokdaeja Tang, 'Ginger' of Bujageongang Tang, Baektong Tang, Baektonggajeodamjep Tang and Senggangsasim Tang. Furthermore it should be changed into two ryangs that are one ryang dose of 'Coptidis Rhizoma' of Sohamhyung Tang, 'Ginger' of Dowha Tang, 'Ginseng Radix' of Whubaksenggangbanhagamchoinsam Tang, 'Polyporus, Poria Sclerotium, Alismatis Rhizoma, Talcum and Asini Corii Colla' of Jeoryeong Tang, 'Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma' of Mahuangshengma Tang and 'Cassiae Cortex Interior' of Gyejigamchoryonggolmoryeo Tang. Conclusions : These results suggest that one ryang of thirteen medicinal medica such as Haematitum or Ginger of eleven decoctions such as Seonbokdaeja Tang or Bujageongang Tang should be changed into two or three ryangs.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2022

Objectives : In 『Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases』, the volume of preparation dosage measured in Hap was 6.5mL. This study aimed to confirm that a square-inch-spoon, which measures powder preparation dosage, was 1/3 Hap, and that Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon. Based on these values, this study also aimed to adjust the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation, currently known as 6.5mm, so that one square-inch-spoon of powder preparation creates 16 pills. Methods : Calculated the ratio between the floor areas of square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi and measured the ratio of volume; assumed that powder preparations were stacked as much as possible in the shape of a square pyramid when scooped comfortably, then calculated the slopes of 1/3 Hap and 1/4 Hap; measured the volumes of powdered Oryeongsan and Lijungwhan in square-inch-spoon and Jeon-bi; created the powders into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation; adjusted the diameter of Firmiana Seed so that 16 pills could be created. Results : Inferring from the floor areas, the volume of square-inch-spoon is 9.2 times that of Jeon-bi; one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap for the powder to reach its maximum slope of 47° and, according to actual measurement of powder preparations, reach its maximum volume; when created into Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparations, one square-inch-spoon should be 1/3 Hap so that approximately 16 pills were created. Conclusions : One square-inch-spoon of powder preparation was 1/3 Hap(2.17mL), Jeon-bi was 1/8 square-inch-spoon(0.27mL), and the diameter of Firmiana-Seed-sized pill preparation was 5.5mm.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aimed to convert into weight the dosages of flower of Daphne canescens and leaf of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonsis, whose daily dosages are likened to an object in 《Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases》. This study also aimed to understand their implications along with the previously studied gypsium and rhubarb. Methods : After reviewing documents, the dosages were converted into weight, confirmed by experiment, and their implications were considered. Results : A chicken-egg-volume of flowers of Daphne canescens is one Ryang(6.5 g) and two handfuls of leaves of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonsis is four Ryang(13 g). Each item was only used once in a decoction. Their dosages were expressed in weight respectively in 《Supplement to the Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold》 and 《Bohenggyuljangbuyongyakbubyo》. Gypsium dosage was expressed in weight except in Daecheongryong-tang as chicken-egg-volume(16 Ryang). To liken a dosage to an object is an exception, as in the three cases above; for precision and convenience it is recommended that dosages be expressed in weight, in which case all three items fell into one of eight categories from one Ryang to 16 Ryang. Rhubarb was measured in weight, but only when using the 12-hour leaching method, four Ryang of rhubarb was cut into of 5-6 wide-go-stone-sized pieces and two Ryang into 5-6 go-stone-sized pieces. Conclusions : To liken a dosage to an object is only an exception and lacks precision and convenience; therefore dosages ended up expressed in weight, count, or volume.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.325-336
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out herb-pair prototype composed of Aconiti Radix(烏頭) or Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(附子) written in ancient chinese medical classics. Methods : To search usages of Aconiti Radix and/or Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix, we have investigated the classics of herb and prescription such as "Fifty-two kinds of Diseases"("五十二病方"),"WuWeiHanDaiYiJian" ("武威漢代醫簡"),"Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold"("傷寒論"),"Synopsis of Prescriptions of The Golden Chamber"("金匱要略"). Results : There were three herb pairs of Aconiti Radix and/or Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix in "Fifty-two kinds of Diseases", four herb pairs of it in "WuWeiHanDaiYiJian", eight herb pairs of it in "Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold", and five herb pairs of it in "Synopsis of Prescriptions of The Golden Chamber". Conclusions : 1. Aconiti Radix herb-pairs written in ancient chinese medical classics are as follows ; Cinnamomi Cortex(桂), Arsenopyritum(礜) and Veratri Nigri Rhizoma et Radix(藜蘆). Zanthoxyli Fructus(蜀椒), Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(附子), honey(蜜) and Asari Radix(細辛). 2. Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix(附子) herb-pairs written in ancient chinese medical classics are as follows ; Zanthoxyli Fructus(蜀椒), Paeonia Radx(芍藥), Ephedrae Herba(麻黃), Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑), Zingiberis Rhizoma(乾薑)-Allii Radix(葱白), Cinnamomi Cortex(桂), Atractylodis Rhizoma White(白朮), Poria(茯苓), Atractylodis Rhizoma White(白朮)-Poria(茯苓) and Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix(秦艽), Coisis semen(薏苡仁), Pinelliae Rhizoma(半夏). 3. In "Fifty-two kinds of Diseases"only Aconiti Radix was used and in "Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold"only Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix was used, but in "WuWeiHanDaiYiJian"and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of The Golden Chamber"both herbs were used. 4. Method for reducing toxicity of Aconiti Radix and Aconiti Lateralis Preparata Radix was found in "Treatise on Febrile Caused by Cold"and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of The Golden Chamber".

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Treatise on the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All Diseases(諸病源候論)was written by Chao Yuanfang that was most active during the Sui Dynasty at A.D. 610. It classified clinical medicine by some departments of internal medicine, surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, pediatrics, and otorhinolaryngology and within each specific department, categorizes etiology and pathology according to characteristics of various diseases. It was the total disease classification book that based on the bibles of the Oriental medicine, (Huangdi''s) Internal Classic(黃帝內經), Classic of Difficult Issues(難經) and Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases(傷寒雜病論), A-B Classic of Acupuncture and Moxibustion(鍼灸甲乙經), Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergencies(備急千金要方) and Medical Secrets of an Official(外臺秘要). It was arranged tussive causes, classes, diagnosis, prognosis and stretching for treatment by Volume 13, all symptoms of tussiculation. Dialectic part was divided into cough(咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with pus and blood(咳嗽吐膿血), cough with duck crying sound(?嗽), sudden cough(暴氣咳嗽), cough with dyspnea(咳逆), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐). Disease situation part was divided into the new cough(新咳) and old cough(舊咳), deficiency syndrome(虛證) and excess syndrome(實證), visceral cough(藏府咳), etc. Out of these, cough with counterflow(咳嗽上氣), cough with dyspnea(咳逆上氣), cough with dyspnea and vomiting(咳逆上氣嘔吐), cough with shortness of breath(咳逆短氣) have a close connection with dyspnea(上氣), counterflow of qi(逆氣), dyspnea and vomiting(上氣嘔吐) and shortness of breath(短氣) in the Pathogenesis and Manifestations of All qi(氣病諸候) of vol 13. So two parts may be refer to each other. However, the content on the original book has been addition and subtraction on the original context along with many reprints. Therefore, this paper, with regard to the prints of former editions, tried to help in better comprehension of the original context through readings and Korean translation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1100-1105
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• 2002

This thesis aims to provide an analytical basis for existing or new prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines. To this end, prescriptions presented in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 were analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』. This thesis focused on symptoms and prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines, which were described in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 with regard to the year when Kweoleum is affecting the earth energy and the wind energy is partially over-abundant. Those symptoms and prescriptions originate from the theory of the five elements and six climates. The symptoms were analyzed from the perspective of physiology. The prescriptions were first analyzed based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』. Then, a mix formula of oriental medicines pursuant to those prescriptions was studied. Lastly, proper prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』, which were in conformity with the above prescriptions, were selected. From the physiological point of view, symptoms with regard to the year when Kweoleum is affecting the earth energy and the wind energy is partially over-abundant can be, based on the theory of the five elements and six climates, diagnosed as the symptoms from impaired spleen and stomach due to excessive wind energy. Prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』pursuant to prescriptions based on the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines can be broken down into the following: pinellia decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Banhasasimtang); ginger decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Saenggangsasimtang); liquorice root decoction for reducing stomach-fire(Gamchosasimtang); and Chinese goldthread decoction(Hwangryentang). Therefore, symptoms of six kinds of weather presented in 「the Various Changes in the Dominations of the Six Energies and their Relations with the Diseases」 of 『Plain Questions』 can be analyzed from the physiological point of view. As a result, in addition to the methodology that analyzes existing prescriptions within the boundary of the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines in 『Yellow Emperor's Canon Internal Medicine』, it is expected that a theoretical basis for new prescriptions can be provided by analyzing prescriptions from 『Treatise of Cold-Induced Diseases』, based on prescriptions from the theory for properties and tastes of Korean oriental herbal medicines.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-31
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• 1999

This paper deals with the development of universal algebras. We first investigate how the abstract algebra has emerged as a common generalization of arithmetic and algebra of logic, which was finalized by A. N. Whitehead in his "A treatise on universal algebra with applications." And we investigate also the process of formalizing universal algebras by G. Birkhoff. Birkhoff.