• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.127-136
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• 2014

NPC in game is an important factor to increase the fun of the game by cooperating with player or confrontation with player. NPC's behavior patterns in the previous games are limited. Also, there is not much difference in NPC's ability among the existing games because it's designed to FSM. Therefore, players who have matched with NPCs which have the characteristics may have difficulty to play. This paper is for improving the problem and production and evaluation of the game NPC behavior model based on wolves hunting model in real life. To achieve it, first, the research surveys and studies behavior states for wolves to capture prey in the real world. Secondly, it is implemented using the Unity3D engine. Third, this paper compares the implemented state transition probability to state transition probability in real world, state transition probability in general game. The comparison shows that the number of state transitions of NPCs increases, proportions of implemented NPC behavior patterns converges to probabilities of state transition in real-world. This means that the aggressive behavior pattern of NPC implemented is similar to the wolf hunting behavior pattern of the real world, and it can thereby provide more player experience.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.265-276
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• 2008

The observed data of enough period need for design of hydrological works. But, most hydrological data aren't enough. Therefore in this paper, hourly precipitation generated by nonhomogeneous Markov chain model using variable Kernel density function. First, the Kernel estimator is used to estimate the transition probabilities. Second, wet hours are decided by transition probabilities and random numbers. Third, the amount of precipitation of each hours is calculated by the Kernel density function that estimated from observed data. At the results, observed precipitation data and generated precipitation data have similar statistic. Also, rainfall mass curve is derived by calculated transition probabilities for generation of hourly precipitation.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

This paper proposes four general wireless gateway types, which are distinguished by their own processing ways to connect between a wireless sub-network of things and the mobile internet that links mobile network to internet step by step. In this paper, we also design general processing procedures of these four types using the state transition model. Gateways of each types were developed on the basis of the resulted state transition models and their performances were evaluated through several tests, analyzed, and compared each other. As the results of our evaluation, compared with the other types, the type, which combines both of a low-power Sleep-interrupt way and polling ways for receiving data or responses in all the waiting states of a gateway, shows the best performance in all of data transmission real-timeliness, data loss and energy consumption.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.82-89
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• 2019

The reason why NCS education is conducted in college is because students are expected to improve their skills through practical education. In addition, NCS education is expected to have a positive impact on job competence and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to explain the necessity of NCS education, and to analyze whether the education transition and practical performance are manifested. For this purpose, the research model was composed of "NCS Education ${\Rightarrow}$ Educational Transition ${\Rightarrow}$ Practical Results" and surveyed about 300 college students in the metropolitan area. If NCS education is necessary in practice, colleges and other educational institutions should plan to make NCS education operate efficiently. As a analysis result, it was confirmed that the internal consistency was secured and both the intensive validity & discriminant validity were confirmed in the validity. As a result of using the structural equation model, this research model was found to be suitable. As a result of the hypothesis test, it is analyzed that the standardization coefficient of the research hypothesis is above the appropriate level and the correlation is highly formed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.118-125
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to decide an appropriate neighborhood and a transition rule of cellular automata by analyzing the past growth process of urban areas in Gimhae. With cellular automata which can manage the change based on the dynamic model and time, this study analyzes the urban growth of Gimhae from 1987 to 2001. Also, through the simulation of different types for neighborhood and transition rules, we can find the appropriate neighborhood and the transition rule for Gimhae. In conclusion, the forecast of physical urban growth pattern is more accurate under conditions when the number of matrixes for the neighborhood is small, the shape of the neighborhood is rectangular, "${\alpha}$" value, which control the pace of urban growth, is low and the transition possibility ($P_{ij}$) is high.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-178
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• 2019

Open-pit (OP) and underground (UG) mining are usually used to exploit shallow and deep ore deposits, respectively. When mine deposit starts from shallow subsurface and extends to a great depth, sequential use of OP and UG mining is an efficient and economical way to maintain mining productivity. However, a transition from OP to UG mining could induce significant rock movements that cause the slope instability of the open pit. Based on Yanqianshan Iron Mine, which was in the transition from OP to UG mining, a large-scale two-dimensional (2D) model test was built according to the similar theory. Thereafter, the UG mining was carried out to mimic the process of transition from OP to UG mining to disclose the triggered rock movement as well as to assess the associated slope instability. By jointly using three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning, distributed fiber optics, and digital photogrammetry measurement, the deformations, movements and strains of the rock slope during mining were monitored. The obtained data showed that the transition from OP to UG mining led to significant slope movements and deformations that can trigger catastrophic slope failure. The progressive movement of the slope could be divided into three stages: onset of micro-fracture, propagation of tensile cracks, and the overturning and/or sliding of slopes. The failure mode depended on the orientation of structural joints of the rock mass as well as the formation of tension cracks. This study also proved that these non-contact monitoring technologies were valid methods to acquire the interior strain and external deformation with high precision.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-89
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• 1996

In this paper, transition constrained Hidden Markov Model(HMM) in which the transition between states occur only within prescribed time slot is proposed and the performance is evaluated in the noisy environment. The transition constrained HMM can explicitly limit the state durations and accurately de scribe the temporal structure of speech signal simply and efficiently. The transition constrained HMM is not only superior to the conventional HMM but also require much less computation time. In order to evaluate the performance of the transition constrained HMM, speaker independent isolated word recognition experiments were conducted using semi-continuous HMM with the noisy speech for 20, 10, 0 dB SNR. Experiment results show that the proposed method is robust to the environmental noise. The 81.08% and 75.36% word recognition rates for conventional HMM was increased by 7.31% and 10.35%, respectively, by using transition constrained HMM when two kinds of noises are added with 10dB SNR.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Sound propagation in shallow water changes from spherical spreading to cylindrical spreading, depending on boundary conditions, and this point is defined as a transition point of the sound propagation condition. Theoretically, the transition point can be estimated using the transmission loss as a function of source-receiver range. In this paper, the transmission loss curve in a Pekeris waveguide is predicted using a parabolic-equation based acoustic propagation model and using this transmission loss curve, the range from the source of the transition point is estimated, which is compared to the critical distance calculated using the sound speed ratio of water to sediment. In addition, the effects of the sound speed profile and source depth change on the transition point are investigated. Finally, the transition point is estimated using the transmission loss data measured during the period of the SAVEX15 (Shallow Water Acoustic Variability EXperiment 2015) conducted 65 km southwest of Jeju Island in May 2015, and it is compared to the ocean environmental parameters to understand the properties of sound propagation in the experimental area.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.37 no.5B
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• pp.317-326
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• 2012

Recently, many researchers have studied to solve the energy consumption of network equipments since the interest of Green IT has been increased. In this paper, we apply Low Power Idle (LPI) to OBS network to reduce energy consumption of network devices. Many previous researches have focused on maximizing the sleep time of network equipments to increase the energy saving efficiency of LPI. But transition overhead caused by LPI might not only depreciate the performance of energy saving but also increase packet delay. In this paper, Transition Decision (TD) algorithm is proposed to improve energy saving efficiency by reducing the number of unnecessary transition and guarantee the required QoS such as packet delay. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we model OBS edge router with LPI by OPNET and analyze the performance of the proposed algorithm in views of energy saving, transition count and average packet delay.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.111-129
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• 1985

Markov chains with large transition probability matrices occur in many applications such as manpowr models. Under certain conditions the state space of a stationary discrete parameter finite Markov chain may be partitioned into subsets, each of which may be treated as a single state of a smaller chain that retains the Markov property. Such a chain is said to be 'lumpable' and the resulting lumped chain is a special case of more general functions of Markov chains. There are several reasons why one might wish to lump. First, there may be analytical benefits, including relative simplicity of the reduced model and development of a new model which inherits known or assumed strong properties of the original model (the Markov property). Second, there may be statistical benefits, such as increased robustness of the smaller chain as well as improved estimates of transition probabilities. Finally, the identification of lumps may provide new insights about the process under investigation.