• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.157-167
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• 2009

Technology transition from defense technology to weapon system is an important process for defense acquisition program. Many countries such as USA, UK, Australia and Republic of Korea use technology readiness level (TRL) as a tool for technology transition by identifying critical technology elements (CTEs) and assessing the technology maturity. In this paper we review a transition process for the defense acquisition. Then we suggest a method to evaluate system's TRL using each component TRL and integration readiness level (IRL) between each technologies. We apply the method to an ACTD project. A result show that technology maturity is influenced by integration between technologies.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.273-309
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• 2021

The development of regulatory systems varies between transition and non-transition economies. This suggests that they provide different incentives for entrepreneurial development and could have varied effects on the economy because they have different methods to deal with market failure. However, limited empirical evidence exists to prove the assumption of dichotomy. Using comprehensive data for institutional quality, labor market and financial market development, this research sought to analyze their effect on employment growth at micro level. The results show that the quality of institutions in transition economies are poorer relative to those in non-transition economies, but their financial and labor markets are more developed than the latter. Further analysis for the transition sample shows that the three variables are individually positively related with employment growth. For the non-transition sample, institutional quality and labor market flexibility bear a positive and significant effect on employment. Financial market development enters the model with a negative coefficient when regressed alone, but a joint test of significance finds that all the variables have a positive effect on employment growth. This result could imply that there is interdependence between institutional quality, labor flexibility and financial market development in firm-employment-growth relationship, or complementarity between regulations and the quality of institutions. Alternatively, this finding suggests that a stringently regulated credit market in non-transition economies have a selection effect-allocating credit only to entrepreneurs who already demonstrate strong growth potential. In sum, despite differences in the evolution of regulatory environment between the two samples, both of them complement employment growth at firm level. The overall implication of these findings is that less rigid regulations and coherent policies that are enforced with impartiality provide incentives for firms to expand.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.246-259
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• 2021

Traditional wisdom on how late industrialized countries follow the technology trajectories of preceding economies is in need of reformation as these countries have attained industrial leadership in a growing number of fields. However, current understandings about these countries' development of their emerging technologies have yet to investigate the divergence of idiosyncratic technology trajectories. The aim of this paper was to explore how their knowledge production strategies in emerging technology sectors are diverging. Specifically, this research examines the changing patterns of knowledge production in quantum technology in South Korea and China by developing a knowledge portfolio and knowledge strategic diagram. According to the knowledge portfolio, the relative literature position differs. In the knowledge strategic diagram, there are diverging patterns in the emerging keywords sector. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating the diverging strategies of late industrialized countries in their transition from catch-up to post-catch-up paradigms and provides policy implications for countries developing an idiosyncratic trajectory in emerging technology sectors.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.511-533
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• 2018

As the developed and developing economies make the transition to knowledge-based economies, the high-tech sector has been the primary engine in enabling this transformation. Given this context, the policy making and implementation abilities of the countries' local administration assume significance. This study therefore attempts to examine the policy evolution undertaken by China and India which resulted in the emergence of high-tech startup ecosystems in these countries. Further, using a theoretical framework for an ideal entrepreneurial ecosystem, it tries to understand the similarities and differences prevalent currently in the Indian and Chinese high-tech startup ecosystem. The results of the study indicate that although both the countries took different paths, from a macro-perspective, they follow the same pattern as observed in the US and Israel policy making - that of the change in the role of Government as a regulator to that of an enabler of the entrepreneurial ecosystem. The differences and similarities between the key entrepreneurial ecosystem components provide additional knowledge about the currently prevailing conditions of the ecosystem in these countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.601-611
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• 2020

The study aims to investigate the impact of ownership structure on corporate voluntary disclosure in the listed companies of Bangladesh. While many studies on the impact of ownership structure on voluntary disclosure have looked at developed and developing countries, few studies have been carried out in a transition economy. Using a three-step relative voluntary disclosure index, the study applies a multivariate analysis on the cross-sectional data for the year 2018. The findings indicate that the quality of voluntary disclosure in transition economy is still below average but has improved compared to findings from the previous literature. We found a significant inverse relationship between corporate voluntary disclosure and public ownership, while no significant relationships between voluntary disclosure and institutional ownership, director ownership, and foreign ownership have been found. The empirical findings of the study will provide evidence to promote the voluntary disclosure characterized by the ownership structures. The findings have important implications for both local and foreign investors as they make their investment decisions especially related to a transition economy. Besides, the findings will assist, not only the corporate executives in rearranging their reporting paradigm, but also the regulators and governments in similar transition economy in adopting and formulating their corporate policies and strategies.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.231-270
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• 2002

US government and leaders in education have deeply paid an attention to the transition from school to work as we live in an era of globalization and fierce competion between countries. Industrial leaders, on the one hand, stress that schools should be reformed to adapt to changing technical environment. On the other hand, general educators still maintain that school education should strive to educate people to be a good citizen. However, fierce competition between countries under the remarkable development of computer and information technique has led the US government to create new programs of the transition from school to work. However, parents as well as students are still suspicious that diplom of high school with stress in skills is enough to keep a stable job, guarantee a satisfactory salary, and mai lain a social status. Accordingly they are more likely to use the school-to-work program as a supplement to the transition to college than to participate in the program to get a good job after high school. Each state in the US prepares its own program of the school-to-work transition with financial supports from the federal government. But the prospect of the programs in each state is not optimistic as financial supports from the federal government have decreased. The school-to-work transition program is strongly needed not only for those half who do not go to college but also for the US government that requires workers with a high level of skills. Nonetheless, the program is not firmly established in the US yet.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.75-93
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• 2022

Purchasing Power Parity (hereafter, PPP) means the purchasing power of two currencies is the same when one is converted into the other one. According to previous studies on PPP, as the volatility of the real exchange rate is smaller, PPP may be more likely to hold. Since New Zealand adopted the inflation targeting policy in December 1989, many countries started to adopt it as their monetary policy frame. Previous studies on inflation targeting found that inflation targeting policy has positive effects on not only achieving price stability but also reducing the volatility of nominal/ real exchange rates. Therefore, in this study, I explored whether inflation targeting policy has positive effects on purchasing power parity subject to 19 OECD countries, applying an Exponential Smooth Transition Autoregressive (ESTAR) model during the sample periods, from 1974:Q1 to 2019:Q4. Based on the ESTAR estimate results, I found limited favorable evidence of PPP for only two countries- England and Switzerland- among 9 inflation targeters, compared to non-inflation targeters, and also I found that favorable evidence of PPP only for these two countries among 9 inflation targeters during post-inflation targeting, but not during pre-inflation targeting. These findings imply that the positive effects of inflation targeting on PPP may be questionable unlike Ding and Kim (2012) and Kim (2014)'s study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.245-251
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• 2009

After the Kyoto Protocol has been ratitied in Feb. 16 2005, the developed countries which is involved in Annex-1 have tried to mitigate GHG to the reduction objective. To accomplish this objective, EU developed EU-ETS, CDM project, and so on. Korea has faced pressure to be a member of Annex-1, because Korea and Mexico are only non-Annex-1 countries in the OECD nations. This study is intended to examine unfolding transition on negotiations of Conference of Parties(COP), the Kyoto Mechanism referred as a cost-effective tool to meet a targeted level of greenhouse gas decrease, and trends in responses of developed countries to the Kyoto Protocol, and finally suggests legal and politic counterplans responding to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereafter, UNFCCC).

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.119-135
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• 2005

Four years have passed since Korea launched its intensive development plan for nanotechnology. Now, at the moment of transition moving to the second phase of nanotechnology development, it is very important to evaluate the results of government-driven nanotechnology development peformed for last four years. In the present study, the trends of R&D and commercialization in nanotechnology area were in-depth investigated in both Korea and other countries. And Korea's nanotechnology level was compared with those of other advanced countries. This study is useful for establishing the government policy for nanotechnology development and amending the second phase plan of nanotechnology development in Korea.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.143-174
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• 2024

This paper empirically examines the relationship between outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) of Korean manufacturing firms and the servicification of domestic employment using a firm-level panel data. In this study, considering the issue of low productivity in the Korean service sector, we categorize service employment into core and non-core services and investigate their relationship with OFDI using the firm-fixed effects model. The empirical results show that the share of core service employment exhibits a positive correlation with the extensive OFDI. On the other hand, the share of non-core service employment, which is expected to generate relatively low value-added, does not show a significant relationship with the extensive OFDI. When we divide the samples based on host countries and the type of subsidiaries, the impact on servicification varies depending on the technological capabilities of host countries and their participation in global value chains. Our study suggests that Korean manufacturing firm's internationalization strategies may facilitate a transition from labor-intensive employment, like the cases in advanced countries, to technology-intensive employment through OFDI and other means.