• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-48
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• 2019

WKSF (Warp-knitted spacer fabrics) knitted using a double Raschel machine is the three-dimensional knit that has vertically connected separate layers in loop structures. Because of its unique structure, the fabric is light, compressible and breathable. Owing to the high production speed, the use of the fabric is increasing in various areas. The purpose of this study is to establish the design process in the utilization of WKSF program and analyze the difference between WKSF and Neoprene as garment materials.. The study on the design related to WKSF has rarely been carried out because of the complexity of WKSF structure and the difficulties encountered in analyzing the structure and thread. Therefore, checking beforehand the simulation results similar to a final knit using the CAD program for WKSF can only enhance the efficiency of the design for the light knits. The conclusion drawn after designing the light knits using the CAD program and analyzing the pros and cons of WKSF through the various property evaluation techniques is as follows. The tension characteristic analysis results indicated that Neoprene specimen has the elastic transformation and resilience, thus behaving like an elastic product such as rubber. By contrast, in the event that clothing and fashion accessories are designed with WKSF, these products are kept in a boxy style fit so that the fabric can be applied flexibly to a curvy body line. In addition, WKSF is good in forming noticeably around a curvy body, because its resistance shear deformation is lower than that of Neoprene.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.376-381
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• 2019

In this work, we evaluated the structural, electrical and optical properties of $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ and Cu-doped $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ thin films prepared by rf-magnetron reactive sputtering. The 200-nm-thick deposited films were annealed in a range of $100{\sim}400^{\circ}C$ using a furnace in an $N_2$ atmosphere. The amorphous-to-crystalline phase changes of the thin films were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis-IR spectrophotometry, a 4-point probe, and a source meter. A one-step phase transformation from amorphous to face-centered-cubic (fcc) and an increase of the crystallization temperature ($T_c$) was observed in the Cu-doped film, which indicates an enhanced thermal stability in the amorphous state. The difference in the optical energy band gap ($E_{op}$) between the amorphous and crystalline phases was relatively large, approximately 0.38~0.41 eV, which is beneficial for reducing the noise in the memory devices. The sheet resistance($R_s$) of the amorphous phase in the Cu-doped film was about 1.5 orders larger than that in undoped film. A large $R_s$ in the amorphous phase will reduce the programming current in the memory device. An increase of threshold voltage ($V_{th}$) was seen in the Cu-doped film, which implied a high thermal efficiency. This suggests that the Cu-doped $Ge_8Sb_2Te_{11}$ thin film is a good candidate for PRAM.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.164-181
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• 2019

This paper introduces the analysis and development of digital holographic data codec technology to effectively compress hologram data. First, the generation method and data characteristics of the hologram standard data set provided by JPEG Pleno are introduced. We analyze energy compaction according to hologram generation method using discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform. The quantization efficiency according to the hologram generation method is analyzed by applying uniform quantization and non-uniform quantization. We propose a transformation method quantization method suitable for hologram generation method through transform and quantization experiments. Finally, holograms are compressed using standard compression codecs such as JPEG, JPEG2000, AVC/H.264 and HEVC/H.265 and the results are analyzed.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aims to examine spatial characteristics of ambulatory care department Chronologically through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, a total of eight ambulatory care departments, one or two for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. Results: First, since the 1990s, the outpatient department of the US has been changed into a patient-centered space by providing high quality outpatient medical services through individual exam room planning. Second, the exam room has been changed from open/semi-open/group exam room to individual exam room since 1990, and the trend is shifting from the cluster type to the modular type consisting of universal exam rooms in order to achieve the flexibility of exam room. Third, the diagnostic/testing area has been deployed to the ambulatory clinic to enable 'one-stop shopping' for patients-centered care since 1990s, however, it has been disappearing since 2000 due to Reduce medical expenses. Fourth, the Central Nursing Station type first appeared in the outpatient department In the 2000s, followed by the type of decentralized nursing station type since 2010s. And fifth, the area of medical support has been placing to be concentrated on one place due to the Lean Design strategy since 2010. Implications: In the future, it is expected that Korea will be more focused on efficiency, visual control, and flexibility in the planning of the ambulatory care department as in the case of the United States.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2021

Successfully adapting to digital and customer-oriented transformation, the concept of lean manufacturing professes the philosophy of creating greater benefit while minimizing losses. These losses are operations that do not add value in the production process to ensure the efficiency, flexibility, and profitability of projects. In the context of broad automation and digitalization of all sectors of the economy, mechanisms for combining automation technologies and lean production are becoming available. Moreover, when it comes to the efficient use of financial, human, or material resources, it is clear that the use of Industry 4.0 technologies can be an effective tool for achieving the goals of lean production, as many of them pursue the same goal. In this context, this article aims to study the effectiveness of the implementation of project management concepts at the global level and identify the main factors influencing its effectiveness to ensure the achievement of lean production through LEAN technologies and Industry 4.0 technologies. To achieve this goal, several statistical indicators were selected and several statistical methods of analysis were used: pairwise correlation, regression analysis, methods of comparison, synthesis, and generalization. Statistical analysis was conducted according to a survey conducted by the Project Management Institute (PMI) in 2020. An economic-mathematical model of dependence of project effectiveness in different regions of the world on the level of implementation of project management approaches is built, which shows that the increase in project effectiveness by 85% is due to financial losses, technical training, and consumer orientation. These results allow project managers to develop appropriate strategies to improve project management approaches at all levels. It is established that LEAN technologies and technologies of Industry 4.0 have several tools that have a positive effect on minimizing losses following the concept of lean production. Besides, given that the technology of Industry 4.0 is focused on the automation of Lean Production technology, a mechanism for the introduction of lean production using these technologies and methods.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

For test on flooring board laminated with PVC decoration materials in order to replace the current surface materials such as HPL in decoration wood-based flooring board. the Results of comparison and analysis are as follows: For thermal conductivity, flooring board decorated with PVC did not show huge differences when temperature was rising and lowering compared to the flooring materials laminated with the existing HPL surface materials. It seems the most meaningful results for using it as indoor flooring materials. That is, in Korea where there is the culture focusing on ondol heating, use amount of heat energy and efficiency of flooring materials are very important and sensitive issues, involving immediately with household economy of final consumers, and it might be a criteria to judge basic performances required as flooring materials. As a result of the analysis on mandatory durability test items such as abrasion resistance, absorption width expansion rate, impact resistance, surface hardness, and impact absorption for flooring materials, compared to flooring board laminated with general HPL surface decoration materials, decoration wood-based flooring board laminated with PVC surface decoration materials which is higher abrasion resistance with smaller transformation and has better durability and impact absorption of the surface, is available for actual application as indoor flooring board, and for replacing surface decoration materials impregnated with heat-hardened resion such as HPL.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2020

In this paper, we proposed an optimization technique for efficiently placing vehicles on decks in a vehicle-carrying ship to efficiently handle loading and unloading. For this purpose, we utilized the transformation method of the XML data representing the ship's spatial information, merging and branching algorithm and genetic algorithm, and implemented the function to visualize the optimized vehicle placement results. The techniques of selection, crossover, mutation, and elite preservation, which are used in the conventional genetic algorithms, are used. In particular, the vehicle placement optimization method is proposed by merging and branching the ship space for the vehicle loading. The experimental results show that the proposed merging and branching method is effective for the optimization process that is difficult to optimize with the existing genetic algorithm alone. In addition, visualization results show vehicle layout results in the form of drawings so that experts can easily determine the efficiency of the layout results.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.183-194
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• 2020

Recently, the number of hip dysplasia (DDH) that occurs during infant and child growth has been increasing. DDH should be detected and treated as early as possible because it hinders infant growth and causes many other side effects In this study, two modelling techniques were used for multiple training techniques. Based on the results after the first transformation, the training was designed to be possible even with a small amount of data. The vertical flip, rotation, width and height shift functions were used to improve the efficiency of the model. Adam optimization was applied for parameter learning with the learning parameter initially set at 2.0 x 10e-4. Training was stopped when the validation loss was at the minimum. respectively A novel image overlay system using 3D laser scanner and a non-rigid registration method is implemented and its accuracy is evaluated. By using the proposed system, we successfully related the preoperative images with an open organ in the operating room

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.35-44
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• 2022

The Internet is extremely important to accomplish numerous items, from education to businesses and entertainment. Therefore, the quality of its performance must be efficient. Nowadays, there is a lack of information available for users to choose a suitable Internet service. What information is available might be insufficient, inaccurate, or regularly updated. Accordingly, there is a need to develop an electronic system that enables users to evaluate their current Internet service subscription. Several factors are used as evaluation criteria in the system that affect users' decisions. In this paper, a prototype of a design science research project is proposed to address a few objectives. First, it can help Internet service users in Saudi Arabia to make the best decision for themselves regarding Internet services subscriptions. Second, it can assist the Saudi government to seek one of the 2030 vision goals: the digital transformation that depends on having a good Internet connection. The proposed solution is a promising one that would help Internet service users to make the best decision for themselves and choose the best Internet service that fits their needs. A qualitative method has been used to evaluate the efficiency and the utility of the proposed system prototype. The results showed the extent of participants' acceptance of the Internet Service Evaluation System.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-237
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• 2022

This paper is concerned with nonlinear modeling and efficient numerical simulation of electrostrictive materials and structures. Two types of such materials are considered: relaxor ferroelectric ceramics and electrostrictive polymers. For ceramics, a geometrically linear formulation is developed, whereas polymers are studied in a geometrically nonlinear regime. In the paper, we focus on constitutive modeling first. For the reversible constitutive response under consideration, we introduce the augmented Helmholtz free energy, which is composed of a purely elastic part, a dielectric part and an augmentation term. For the elastic part, we involve an additive decomposition of the strain tensor into an elastic strain and an electrostrictive eigenstrain, which depends on the polarization of the material. In the geometrically nonlinear case, a corresponding multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor replaces the additive strain decomposition used in the geometrically linear formulation. For the dielectric part, we first introduce the internal energy, to which a Legendre transformation is applied to compute the free energy. The augmentation term accounts for the contribution from vacuum to the energy. In our formulation, the augmented free energy depends not only on the strain and the electric field, but also on the polarization and an internal polarization; the latter two are internal variables. With the constitutive framework established, a Finite Element implementation is briefly discussed. We use high-order elements for the discretization of the independent variables, which include also the internal variables and, in case the material is assumed incompressible, the hydrostatic pressure, which is introduced as a Lagrange multiplier. The elements are implemented in the open source code Netgen/NGSolve. Finally, example problems are solved for both, relaxor ferroelectric ceramics and electrostrictive polymers. We focus on thin plate-type structures to show the efficiency of the numerical scheme and its applicability to thin electrostrictive structures.