• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-75
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• 2007

To improve low sense margin at low voltage, we propose a negatively driven sensing (NDS) scheme and to solve the problem of WL-to-BL short leakage fail, a variable bitline reference scheme with free-level precharged bitline (FLPB) scheme is adopted. The influence of the threshold voltage offset of NMOS and PMOS transistors in a latch type sense amplifier is very important factor these days. From evaluating the sense amplifier offset voltage distribution of NMOS and PMOS, it is well known that PMOS has larger distribution in threshold voltage variation than that of NMOS. The negatively-driven sensing (NDS) scheme enhances the NMOS amplifying ability. The offset voltage distribution is overcome by NMOS activation with NDS scheme first and PMOS activation followed by time delay. The sense amplifier takes a negative voltage during the sensing and amplifying period. The negative voltage of NDS scheme is about -0.3V to -0.6V. The performance of the NDS scheme for DRAM at the gigabit level has been verified through its realization on 1-Gb DDR2 DRAM chip.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.695-699
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• 2009

We studied the transfer of oxygen vacancy and proton in Y-doped BaZr$O_3$ (BYZ) using density functional theory (DFT). An oxygen vacancy was generated in the $2{\times}2{\times}2$ BYZ superstructure by replacing two Zr atoms with two Y atoms to satisfy the charge neutrality condition. The O vacancy transfer between the first and second nearest O atom sites from a Y atom showed the lowest activation energy barrier of 0.42 eV, compared to the other transfers between first and first, and second and second in the superstructure. Two protons were inserted in the structure by adding a proton and hydroxyl that were supplied by the dissociation of a water molecule. The two protons bonded to the first and second nearest O atoms were energetically the most favorable. The activation energy barrier for a proton transfer in the structure was 0.51 eV, when either proton transferred to its neighbor O atom. This value was well matched with the experimentally determined one.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.89-89
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• 2010

The atomic structure of Sb/Si(5 5 12)-$2{\times}1$ surface, deposited at room temperature (RT) and post-annealed, has been identified by scanning tunneling microscopy and the corresponding interface has been studied by synchrotron core-level photoemission spectroscopy. With 0.3-nm Sb deposition at RT and postannealing at $600^{\circ}C$, the surface has been facetted to (225)-$2{\times}1$ and (112)-$1{\times}1$, and its Si 2p has shown that all the Si 2p surface components have disappeared, while the single Sb-Si interfacial component has appeared. Such results indicate that all of surface Si atoms are replaced by Sb atoms and the charge is transferred from Si to passivating Sb-atoms at the top layer. With subsequent postannealing up to $700^{\circ}C$, the surface has been facetted to (113)-$2{\times}2$ and (335)-$4{\times}2$, still having Sb-Si interfacial component and partially re-exposed Si surface components. From the present study, the role of surfactant atom, Sb, as well as the thermal-stabilization of Sb-passivated high-index Si surface will be exposed. Especially, the key role of the Sb/Si(113)-$2{\times}2$, composed of Rebonded-Dimer-Rebonded atom 1D structures, for stabilization will be discussed.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

In this paper, the channel decoder promising reliable data retrieving in noisy holographic channel has been developed for holographic WORM(write once read many) system. It covers various DSP(digital signal processing) blocks, such as align mark detector, adaptive channel equalizer, modulation decoder and ECC(error correction code) decoder. The specific schemes of DSP are designed to reduce the effect of noises in holographic WORM(H-WORM) system, particularly in prototype of DAEWOO electronics(DEPROTO). For real time data retrieving, the channel decoder is redesigned for FPGA(field programmable gate array) based hardware, where DSP blocks calculate in parallel sense with memory buffers between blocks and controllers for driving peripherals of FPGA. As an input source of the experiments, MPEG2 TS(transport stream) data was used and recorded to DEPROTO system. During retrieving, the CCD(charge coupled device), capturing device of DEPROTO, detects retrieved images and transmits signals of them to the FPGA of hardware channel decoder. Finally, the output data stream of the channel decoder was transferred to the MPEG decoding board for monitoring video signals. The experimental results showed the error corrected BER(bit error rate) of less than $10^{-9}$, from the raw BER of DEPROTO, about $10^{-3}$. With the developed hardware channel decoder, the real-time video demonstration was possible during the experiments. The operating clock of the FPGA was 60 MHz, of which speed was capable of decoding up to 120 mega channel bits per sec.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.113-124
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• 2012

TACT process reengineering is applied to the finish work of apartment buildings and extra tall buildings to conduct efficient process control in Korea. Non-systemized information on the performances, however, causes difficulties in building a database for such records and it takes long time to find the relevant information. In order to solve such problems, scientific and quantitative understanding on the construction information and data is required to perform TACT process reengineering satisfactorily and also proper management plan should be provided for the working level staff to understand the required information and data more easily. In this regard, this paper reorganizes the TACT process reengineering based on the general process control and classifies the items of required information to redesign. Redesigned process was verified by specialists making use of work-information matrix. As a result, paper contributed to increasing comprehension level of the working level people and when the persons in charge are transferred to other duty, it makes them understand all the working procedure faster, which enables the departments involved to carry out their cooperation and adjustment more efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2007.10b
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• pp.118-126
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• 2007

Seoul has been the former capital from Joseon founded in 1932 by this time for 600 years. Seoul populated by some 10,290,000 people is the largest city in Korea. There are lots of cultural inheritance such as the castle town and 5 palaces including Gyeongbokgung in Seoul. Especially neungs(royal tombs) from 27 generations of king and queen in the Joseon dynasty during 518 years are very important cultural inheritance. The royal tombs were built from the castle town to the radius outside 4km within 40km pivoting on Seoul. Joseon royal tombs might have significant cultural value, which are representative Korean people's spirits for ancestor worship. After the 1945 Liberation of Korea those are having been managed by Office of Cultural Properties after Ministry of Education. This paper tried to find the changing process of the conservation and maintenance, the location of royal tomb area, the changing process of royal tomb, the area changing clue of modernization process, and in the historical city, Seoul. The royal tombs in the Joseon dynasty of the radius outside 4km within 40km pivoting on Seoul have been contributed to providing the metropolitan, Seoul population with the cultural and green spaces for 600 years. In the Joseon dynasty the royal tombs had been taken charge of thoroughly by the Royal Household with Neungchamboing system from Confucian background for ancestor worship. There after they had been damaged somewhat by the Japanese Imperialism period, the Korean War, and the pressure of urbanization. But the original state has been preserved well by state management. The royal tombs in the Joseon dynasty has been kept the culture of royal tomb's and memorial services with stone sculptures for 518 years. Also there are lots of documentary records of royal tombs. The memorial services of the tombs are held by Jongyakwon of Jeonju Lee family every year. The royal tombs somewhat damaged are needed to the original state of the transferred right of managing agency by the related national bodies.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-99
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• 2006

In this research, a wafer-level transfer method of cantilever away on a conventional CMOS circuit has been developed for high density probe-based data storage. The transferred cantilevers were silicon nitride ($Si_3N_4$) cantilevers integrated with poly silicon heaters and piezoelectric sensors, called thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilevers. In this process, we did not use a SOI wafer but a conventional p-type wafer for the fabrication of the thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever arrays. Furthermore, we have developed a very simple transfer process, requiring only one step of cantilever transfer process for the integration of the CMOS wafer and cantilevers. Using this process, we have fabricated a single thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever, and recorded 65nm data bits on a PMMA film and confirmed a charge signal at 5nm of cantilever deflection. And we have successfully applied this method to transfer 34 by 34 thermo-piezoelectric $Si_3N_4$ cantilever arrays on a CMOS wafer. We obtained reading signals from one of the cantilevers.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.161-167
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• 2010

To realize the U-healthcare system, the mobile patient monitoring system is of the essence. In this monitoring system, a patient's real-time data on biometrics and location must be transferred to predeterminate destination server ceaselessly. As the number of mobile patients increases steadily or mobile patients are moving into some specific area, the load balancing solution to real-time data congestion problem is needed. In this paper, we propose a new mobile patient monitoring system with Torus topology where three layers are connected hierarchically and the intermediate layer takes charge of priority-based load balancing. For the formalized design and verification of proposed system, we describe the overall structure with connectivity among its components and implement major components in pseudo-code by adopting a system specification-based approach. This approach makes the design and verification of our mobile patient monitoring system more flexible and accurate.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.305-314
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is examining the status of Education Welfare Priority Support Project and providing constructive strategies for future direction. In order to collect data, we have used on-line survey, in-depth interview personnels in charge of 17 school districts and open forum with municipal board members of education along with related literature review. As results, since 2003, the effectiveness of the Education Welfare Priority Support Project has been proved and the areas have been expanded. Furthermore, institutional stability has been confirmed along with the supports of enforcement ordinance of the Elementary and Secondary Education Acts and Ministry of Education Ordinances. However, since the management authority of the project has transferred to 17 provincial offices of education, it shows the tendency of that the overall programs were not fully activated and gradually stagnated. According to these issues, we proposed various implemental policy suggestions though the revision of Article 28 of elementary and secondary education-related law.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 2022

Recently, as soldiers are allowed to use mobile phones, cases are frequently transferred from the police to the military due to criminal acts, and digital evidence is collected separately from the reliability of previous investigations, such as overlapping seizure and search procedures. In this study, through in-depth interviews with practitioners in charge of digital evidence in the military, police, and courts, problems related to digital evidence handling, such as infringement of evidence ability due to overlapping human factors and procedures, are derived and analyzed. The presented procedure verified the effectiveness of the procedure through case analysis, and is expected to contribute to the guarantee of the evidence capacity of digital evidence and the efficiency of handling cases.