• Medical Lasers
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.64-73
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• 2019

Background and Objectives The effectiveness of many physiotherapy modalities in reducing subcutaneous fat has been investigated in numerous previous studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, there have been no attempts to determine the effectiveness of physiotherapy modalities in body contouring. The present report determined the effect of 448-kHz capacitive resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMRF) in a porcine model. Materials and Methods This study investigated the effect of selective destruction of the subcutaneous fat layer in abdominal fat tissue using CRMRF. The effects of two types of CRMRF (capacitive electric transfer (CET) and resistive electric transfer (RET)) treatment were evaluated using regular digital photography in addition to thermal imaging evaluation, ultrasound measurement, hematological evaluation, and histologic analyses (H&E (hematoxylin and eosin), Oil red O, and immunohistochemistry staining). Results Preclinical evaluation was performed to obtain the data for comparison of the safety and efficacy of the subcutaneous fat reduction after applying CRMRF using CET and RET. After treatment, the thermal transmission was effective, and a 42-47℃ temperature change was observed in the fat layer while an approximately temperature of 42℃ was confirmed on the skin surface. Moreover, after the application of both types of CRMRF treatment, fibrotic septa were observed in the adipose tissue induced by heat at the treatment sites. TUNEL staining was also performed to confirm the process of apoptosis in the adipocytes. Conclusion These results suggest that both CET and RET for CRMRF treatment are safe and effective for subcutaneous fat reduction in a porcine model.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2009

The recent development of engineering design education has brought enormous influence in many engineering educations. But, most studies in this area have focused only on the system or curriculum development rather than on the effect of the program to the real situation, the transfer. The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of learning and learning transfer in engineering design program at the university level. Transfer is defined as the use of trained knowledge and skill back on the job. The results of the study are as follows. First, learner characteristics and curriculum design had a significant influence on learning effectiveness. Second, learner characteristics had a significant influence an learning transfer. Also, the learning had a significant influence an learning transfer.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.147-156
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• 2019

Numerical study was performed to investigate the convective heat transfer of Al₂O₃/water nanofluid flowing through the concentric double pipe counterflow heat exchangers. Hot fluid flowing through the inner pipe transfers its heat to cooling fluid flowing in the outer pipe. Effects of important parameters such as hot and cold volume flow rates, fluid type in the outer and inner pipes, and nanoparticles concentration on the heat transfer and flow characteristics are investigated. The results indicated that the heat transfer performance increases with increasing the hot and cold volume flow rates, as well as the particle concentrations. When both outer and inner pipes are nanofluids with 8% nanoparticle volume concentration, nanofluids showed up to 17% better heat transfer rate than basic fluids. Also, the average heat transfer coefficient of the base fluid for annulus-side improved by 31%. Approximately 20% enhancement in the heat exchanger effectiveness can be achieved with the addition of 8% alumina particles in base fluid. But, addition of nanoparticles to the base fluid enhanced friction factor by about 196%.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.9-16
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• 2023

Background: Bedridden patients and disabled persons need help from a guardian or caregiver even in performing simple activities of daily living. In particular, for body transfer of them, the use of a transfer lift has been recommended. However, the devices currently in use have limitations in terms of support according to the individual's characteristics. This study aimed to develop a transfer lift device utilizing the patients' body-fitting sling equipped with an air tube inside the sling. In addition, we have conducted usability tests to examine the safety, effectiveness, and satisfaction with this device. Design: This study conducted usability tests with 10 healthy adults. Methods: Customized sling lifts are generally floor-based devices that consisted of a sling that holds the patient's body and a lift that moves the sling to the desired position. One characteristic feature of the device is an air tube, which is used on the sling to allow the patient's body can be adjusted. A usability test was performed in terms of the operators, who operated the device to transfer the patients. Ten operators tried the device and tested its usability. Results: The mean of 10 question for Questions was 4.18. Conclusion: The device can be useful in the advance- ment and commercialization of customized sling lifts, to ensure the safe and efficient transfer of persons with disabilities.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.1802-1813
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• 2023

Conjugate heat transfer between liquid metal and solid is a common phenomenon in a liquid-metal-cooled fast reactor's fuel assembly and heat exchanger, dramatically affecting the reactor's safety and economy. Therefore, comprehensively studying the sophisticated conjugate heat transfer in a liquid-metal-cooled fast reactor is profound. However, it has been evidenced that the traditional Simple Gradient Diffusion Hypothesis (SGDH), assuming a constant turbulent Prandtl number (Pr_t,, usually 0.85 - 1.0), is inappropriate in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations of liquid metal. In recent decades, numerous studies have been performed on the four-equation model, which is expected to improve the precision of liquid metal's CFD simulations but has not been introduced into the conjugate heat transfer calculation between liquid metal and solid. Consequently, a four-equation model, consisting of the Abe k - ε turbulence model and the Manservisi k_𝜃 - ε_𝜃 heat transfer model, is applied to study the conjugate heat transfer concerning liquid metal in the present work. To verify the numerical validity of the four-equation model used in the conjugate heat transfer simulations, we reproduce Johnson's experiments of the liquid lead-bismuth-cooled turbulent pipe flow using the four-equation model and the traditional SGDH model. The simulation results obtained with different models are compared with the available experimental data, revealing that the relative errors of the local Nusselt number and mean heat transfer coefficient obtained with the four-equation model are considerably reduced compared with the SGDH model. Then, the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of liquid metal turbulent pipe flow obtained with the four-equation model are analyzed. Moreover, the impact of the turbulence model used in the four-equation model on overall simulation performance is investigated. At last, the effectiveness of the four-equation model in the CFD simulations of liquid sodium conjugate heat transfer is assessed. This paper mainly proves that it is feasible to use the four-equation model in the study of liquid metal conjugate heat transfer and provides a reference for the research of conjugate heat transfer in a liquid-metal-cooled fast reactor.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.61-69
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• 2017

The Goal of SW education is to improve computational thinking. Especially, non computer majors need to apply computational thinking to their problem solving in their fields after computational thinking class. In this paper, we verified what factors affect the improvement of computational thinking through mixed research method after teaching computational thinking to non major students. Also, we analysed the characteristics of initial learning transfer of computational thinking, and establish the reason about he validity and justification for non major in SW education. The result shows learning satisfaction, learning transfer motivation, and self-CT efficacy affect the perception about improvement of computational thinking. Also, we found that there is application of computational thinking was coming up with problem solving process because the initial learning transfer process of computational thinking has characteristics about concepts and practices of it in programming steps. The effectiveness and learning transfer process of computational thinking for non majors will give the validity and justification to teach SW education for all students.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2013

In this study, we consider heat transfer enhancement in laminar channel flow by means of an infinite streamwise array of equispaced identical circular cylinders. This flow configuration can be regarded as a model representing a micro channel or an internal heat exchanger with cylindrical vortex generators. A numerical parametric study has been carried out by varying Reynolds number based on the bulk mean velocity and the cylinder diameter, and the gap between the cylinders and the channel wall. An immersed boundary method was employed to facilitate to implement the cylinders on a Cartesian grid system. No-slip condition is employed at all solid boundaries including the cylinders, and the flow is assumed to be periodic in the streamwise direction. Also, the Prandtl number is fixed as 0.7. For thermal boundary conditions on the solid surfaces, it is assumed that heat flux is constant on the channel walls, while the cylinder surfaces remain adiabatic. The presence of the circular cylinders arranged periodically in the streamwise direction causes a significant topological change of the flow, leading to heat transfer enhancement on the channel walls. The Nusselt number averaged on the channel wall is presented for the wide ranges of Reynolds number and the gap. A significant heat transfer enhancement is noticed when the gap is larger than 0.8, while the opposite is the case for smaller gaps. More quantitative results as well as qualitative physical explanations are presented to justify the effectiveness of varying the gap to enhance heat transfer from the channel walls.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2017

We are confirmed to the transfer degree of physical signal with the communication code on the wireless communication system. The physical transfer system was consisted of such as ECG, PPG and Bluetooth part that received signal. Communication method was take the international standard level of IEEE802.15.1 forms, the frequency transition was needed the bandwidth of communication for transfer signal with the band-communication method. The program was expressed to receive with wireless communication condition that was consisted of such as the serial chart, processing and app inventor. Their signal was identified to transfer certainly the corrected signal. Therefore, signal processing for coding by the real-time graphing and using processing by a standard capacity of serial-chart graphing that will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of wireless communication system.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.137-157
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• 2020

The medical tourism industry, a convergence of medical services and tourism, has been getting more and more popularity as a new value-added industry in the 21st century. Accordingly, the number of professional workers within this industry has been increasing, and the role of educational institutions to cultivate well-equipped human resources has also become critical. However, compared to practically activated medical tourism-related education programs, studies investigating the effectiveness of these education programs are relatively rare. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the effect of five dimensions of medical tourism education service quality (i.e., tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) on learners' education satisfaction and transfer of education training. In addition, the moderating roles of national relations as well as organizational characteristics (i.e., transfer climate and support of supervisors and colleagues) in the relationship between education satisfaction and transfer of education training are further verified. The results of the structural equation model (SEM) using 151 samples from respondents with experience in completing medical tourism education programs reveal that tangibles, reliability, and assurance are found to have a significant impact on education satisfaction, which in turn leads to a high level of transfer of education training. Moreover, it is found that national relations and support of supervisors and colleagues play a moderating role. This study would provide guidelines for improving the efficiency of educational institutions, creating outcomes for learners' affiliated firms (e.g., hospitals), and promoting medical tourism at the national level from the perspective of medical tourism education.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.529-536
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• 2002

The performance of stilting engine, in particular, its energy conversion efficiencies are critically influenced by the regenerator characteristics. The regenerator characteristics are influenced by effectiveness, void fraction. heat transfer loss and fluid friction loss in the regenerator matrix. These factors were influenced by the surface geometry and material properties of the regenerator matrix. The regenerator design goals arc good heat transfer and low pressure drop of working Bas across the regenerator. Various data for designing a wire screen matrix have been given by Kays and London(1984). The mesh number of their experiment. however, was confined below the No. 60. which seems rather small for the Stirling engine applications. In this paper. in order to provide a basic data for the design of regenerator matrix, characteristics of heat transfer and flow friction loss were investigated by a packed mettled of matrix in oscillating flow as the same condition of operation in a Stirling engine. Seven kinds of sing1e wire screen meshes were used as the regenerator matrices. The results are summarized as follows; 1. While the working fluid flew slowly in the regenerator. the temperature difference was great at the both hot-blow(the working fluid flows from healer to cooler) and cold-blow(the working fluid flows from cooler to healer). On the other hand. while the working fluid flew fast. the temperature difference was not distinguished. 2. The No.150 wire screen used as the regenerator matrix showed excellent performance than tile others. 3. Phase angle variation and filling rate affected heat transfer or regenerator matrices. 4. Temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the regenerator is very hish in degree of 120 phase angle.