• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-20
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• 2013

Social commerce has been gaining explosive popularity, with typical examples of the model such as Groupon and Level Up. Both local business owners and consumers can benefit from this new e-commerce model. Local business owners have a chance to access potential customers and promote their products in a way that could not have otherwise been easily possible, and consumers can enjoy discounted offerings. However, questions have been increasingly raised about the value and future of the social commerce model. A recent survey shows that about a third of 324 business owners who ran a daily-deal promotion in Groupon went behind. Furthermore, more than half of the surveyed merchants did not express enthusiasm about running the promotion again. The same goes for the case in Korea, where more than half of the surveyed clients reported no significant change or even decrease in profits compared to before the use of social commerce model. Why do local business owners fail to exploit the benefits from the promotions and advertisements through the social commerce model and to make profits? Without answering this question, the model would fall under suspicion and even its sustainability might be challenged. This study aims to look into problems in the current social commerce transactions and provide implications for the social commerce model, so that the model would get a foothold for next growth. Drawing on justice theory, this study develops theoretical arguments for the effects of transaction characteristics on consumers' distributive justice and purchase intention in the social commerce. Specifically, this study focuses on two characteristics of social commerce transactions-the discount rate and the purchase rate of products-and investigates their effects on consumers' perception of distributive justice for discounted transactions in the social commerce and their perception of distributive justice for regular-priced transactions. This study also examines the relationship between distributive justice and purchase intention. We conducted an online experiment and gathered data from 115 participants to test the hypotheses. Each participant was randomly assigned to one of nine manipulated scenarios of social commerce transactions, which were generated based on the combination of three levels of purchase rate (high, medium, and low) and three levels of discount rate (high, medium, and low). We conducted MANOVA and post-hoc ANOVA to test hypotheses about the relationships between the transaction characteristics (purchase rate and discount rate) and distributive justice for each of the discounted transaction and the regular-priced transaction. We also employed a PLS analysis to test relations between distributive justice and purchase intentions. Analysis results show that a higher discount rate increases distributive justice for the discounted transaction but decreases distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction. This, coupled with the result that distributive justice for each type of transaction has a positive effect on the corresponding purchase intention, implies that a large discount in the social commerce may be helpful for attracting consumers, but harmful to the business after the promotion. However, further examination reveals curvilinear effects of the discount rate on both types of distributive justice. Specifically, we find distributive justice for the discounted transaction increases concavely as the discount rate increases while distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction decreases concavely with the dscount rate. This implies that there exists an appropriate discount rate which could promote the discounted transaction while not hurting future business of regular-priced transactions. Next, the purchase rate is found to be a critical factor that facilitates the regular-priced transaction. It has a convexly positive influence on distributive justice for the transaction. Therefore, an increase of the rate beyond some threshold would lead to a substantial level of distributive justice for the regular-priced transaction, threrby boosting future transactions. This implies that social commerce firms and sellers should employ various non-price stimuli to promote the purchase rate. Finally, we find no significant relationship between the purchase rate and distributive justice for the discounted transaction. Based on the above results, we provide several implications with future research directions.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.577-587
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 중소건설업의 원청기업이 하청기업을 선정하는 과정에서 나타나는 거래 현상을 구체화 시켜 양 기업 간의 거래에서 나타나는 공정성과 파트너십의 관계, 거래 공정성과 프로젝트 성과의 관계, 그리고 파트너십과 프로젝트성과의 관계를 확인하는 것이다. 분석을 위해 원도급자와 하도급자 각각 집단에 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 빈도 분석, t-검증, 피어슨의 상관관계 분석, 회귀 분석, 3단계 매개 효과 검증 등을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 거래 공정성은 파트너십에 양의 영향을 미쳤으며, 상호공정성과 절차공정성이 프로젝트 성과에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 파트너십의 세부 요인 중 상호 신뢰만이 프로젝트 성과를 높여주는 것으로 나타났으며, 거래 공정성이 파트너십을 통하여 프로젝트 성과에 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 중소건설업을 대상으로 한 기존 연구들은 중소건설업의 문제점을 확인하고 경쟁력 제고에 대한 연구들이 주축을 이루었다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 중소건설업이 처한 환경을 보다 면밀히 검토하여 원청기업과 하청기업간의 거래관계에서 공정성이 양 기업 간의 파트너십과 거래의 결과로 나타나는 성과에 대하여 실증적으로 분석하였고, 이러한 점에서 의의가 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.228-238
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 아웃소싱에서 거래공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향 관계를 연구하는 것이다. 본 연구는 전국의 제조업 아웃소싱서비스 이용 고객사와 협력사로 부터 설문조사 방식으로 자료를 수집하여 신뢰도, 타당도 및 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 하였으며 구조방정식 모형(SEM)분석을 통해 가설을 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 1)거래 공정성은 고객사의 경영성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 분배 및 상호작용공정성은 경영성과에 미치는 영향관계는 작지만, 절차공정성은 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되어 선행논문을 지지하고 있다. 2)거래공정성은 파트너십에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 3)고객사와 협력사의 파트너십은 고객사의 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 4)파트너십은 거래공정성을 매개하여 고객사의 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제조업 아웃소싱에서 고객사와 협력사 간의 거래 관계에서 거래공정성을 독립변수로 하고, 거래 상호 간의 파트너십을 매개로 거래공정성이 고객사의 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 연구한 첫 번째 사례라는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. 기업이 갈수록 심화하는 글로벌 경쟁에서 아웃소싱을 효과적으로 활용하여 급변하는 경영환경에 능동적으로 대처하고 경영성과 향상을 위해서는 거래공정성, 특히 절차적공정성을 높이려는 노력이 필요하고, 고객사의 경영성과 향상에 당사자 간 파트너십 형성이 중요한 요인임을 확인해 주고 있다. 이런 면에서 본 연구는 학문적, 실무적으로 아웃소싱 분야에 중요한 시사점을 제공해 주고 있다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

Purpose - This study focuses on long-term orientation that can lead long-term partnership. A long-term orientation needs a trust and relation commitment between company. So in this study, the researcher conducts a dependent variable as a justice recognition and brand asset value to research model to find out casual relationship among quoted factors. Research design, data, and methodology - The focus of this study was employees who work in a liquor distribution company to figure out factors that effect on long-term relationship in b2b transaction. The development of the research model is based on the literature of the preceding research analysis of justice recognition, brand asset value, trust, relation commitment and long-term orientation. This study have constructs that defined operationally by previous studies, research model design that to figuring casual relationships among the quoted factors. From 2016 Sep. 1st to Oct. 30th, a questionnaire survey was conducted targeting employees who work in liquor distribution company. 176 survey data were used for empirical analysis to prove the research hypotheses. Results - The main results of this study's empirical methodology were as follows. First, procedural justice and interactive justice has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Also brand image, brand awareness and perceived quality has a positive significant effect on trust and relation commitment. Second, trust and relation commitment has a positive significant effect on long-term orientation. Every hypothesis adopted as the researcher designed for empirical study. Conclusions - Based on empirical results, this study confirmed that trust and relation commitment has empirical relationship with long-term orientation. Based on the analysis, the researcher provided managerial implication by setting 2 way path for making long-term orientation with business company. First path is procedural justice to relation commitment. It contains that procedural justice recognised while business transaction execution, consideration intension and relation development will happen in b2b. Second path is perceived quality to trust. It contains that the perceived quality recognised while business transaction execution, trust will increase rapidly. So when a business company wants to make a partnership, they have to consider procedural justice and perceived quality to make a long-term relationship.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.91-100
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• 2020

Purpose: The objective of this study is to deepen our understanding of the key factors that determine sustainability in terms of suppliers based on the transactions between suppliers (pharmaceutical companies) and buyers (medical institutions) in the pharmaceutical distribution industry. Research design, data and methodology: Transaction justice factors were derived from three main components: distributive, procedural and interpersonal, five hypotheses were set up. The respondents from the data collected through an online survey are sales staff of pharmaceutical companies. Total of 319 questionnaires are collected and used to verify the hypotheses through the SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 22.0 programs. Results: Justice of transactions perceived by the salesperson of pharmaceutical companies was found to have a significant effect on the relationship commitment. Among them, procedural justice was found to have greatest relative influences. In addition, relationship commitment was found to have a significant effect on sustainability performance. Thus, all hypotheses were adopted. Conclusions: The results of this study, can be used as basic data for the guidelines for fair trade between pharmaceutical companies and medical institutions. In addition, it is expected that the study will have significance in that it examined sustainability through transactions with buyers from the viewpoint of suppliers.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.2967-2980
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 의료 공급사슬 상에서 구매자에 해당하는 병원과 공급자와의 관계의 성과를 향상시킬 수 있는 방안에 대해 모색하고자 하였다. 보다 구체적으로, 거래기간과 병원의 규모에 해당하는 병상 수가 통제된 상황 하에서 구매자-공급자 간의 정보공유와 구매자가 인식한 공급자의 역량에 대한 신뢰가 구매자의 관계성과에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 아울러, 거래기간과 병상 수가 통제된 상태에서, 상호작용 공정성이 정보공유와 관계성과, 역량신뢰와 관계성과에 미치는 영향력에 대해 조절효과를 가지는지 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 신뢰성 분석, 전체 탐색적 요인분석 및 확인적 요인분석, 판별타당성 분석을 거친 후 통제변수가 포함된 조절적 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 연구 결과, 구매자-공급자 간의 정보공유와 구매자가 인식한 공급자의 역량에 대한 신뢰는 모두 구매자의 관계성과에 긍정적인 영향력의 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러, 상호작용 공정성의 조절효과와 관련해서는 정보공유와 관계성과의 관계에서는 상호작용 공정성이 조절효과가 나타나지 않았지만, 역량신뢰와 관계성과의 관계에서는 상호작용 공정성이 조절효과가 있음을 실증적으로 확인할 수 있었다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.23-41
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• 2004

Rapid development of computer and telecommunication technology brought out the expansion of electronic commerce which is the new type of business transaction. Offline transaction can lead to problems and disputes the same is for cyberspace transactions. However ADR is not meet for the online transaction for speed, cost and open network system, ODR methods to resolve electronic commerce conflicts is crucial for building confidence and permitting access to justice in an online business environment. And ADR refers to processes other than judicial determination in which an impartial person assists those in a dispute to resolve the issues between them. ODR refers to ADR processes assisted by information technology, particularly the internet. ODR has been available since 1996. Its development can be as passing through three broad stages : hobbyist, experimental, entrepreneurial, institutional phrase. Also, ODR has adapted a range of traditional ADR for use online, including arbitration. mediation. facilitated negotiation and case appraisal. Mediation and arbitration have been the most prevalent forms of ODR. ODR is the burgeoning field and has created a new issues. All such issues which have been debated in the ADR are composed with ODR. But these are not limited. Some of issues are further complicated by the nature of the online environment such as confidentiality and principle of parties. Finally electronic commerce now takes place on the Internet, it is inevitable that the commercial world wants access to dispute resolution process that best suits the new commercial environment. ODR methods are processing for development and legal issues are considered by both national and international authorities.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제19권
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• pp.191-223
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• 2003

Electronic commerce and the Internet offer unprecedented opportunities. The explosive expansion of the use of the Internet makes it possible for businesses to expand their markets and render services. Global transaction costs are easy to cut off using Internet and transaction speed is faster than before. Where cyberspace is not free from claims, Offline transaction can lead to problems and disputes the same is for cyberspace transactions. However ADR is not meet for the online transaction for speed, cost and open network system, ODR methods to resolve electronic commerce conflicts is crucial for building confidence and permitting access to justice in an online business environment. The use of the Internet and the network in dispute resolution has an impact on the types of communication implied in the relevant processes such as automated negotiation, online mediation and online arbitration and involves new technological issues such as the integrity and confidentiality of data and communication used to transmit and store data. Among the ODR systems Online Arbitration is currently binding both parties disputed and can achieve the aim of dispute award the same as the traditional arbitration. Arbitration is based on the New York Convention 1958, Arbitration Model law 1985 and national Arbitration Act that are founded on territorial area and rested on arbitration agreement, constitution of the arbitral tribunal, due process, final and binding award and enforcement of the arbitration award. To compare with this issues Online arbitration has unnecessarily legal unstability and risk. ODR is the burgeoning field and has created a new issues. All such issues which have been debated in the ADR are composed with ODR. But these are not limited Some of issues are further complicated by the nature of the online environment such as confidentiality and principle of parties. It is true that online arbitration should comply with legal provisions, but which is impossible to adhere of the law. Flexible translation and functional equivalence of legal provisions are needed for acceptance of electronic commerce disputes. Finally electronic commerce now takes place on the Internet, it is inevitable that the commercial world wants access to dispute resolution process that best suits the new commercial environment. ODR methods are processing for development and legal issues are considered by both national and international authorities. Introduction of new Conventions or amend Convention and Model law of ODR comes near.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.253-275
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• 2006

Ever since the open and reform policy in 1987, China has adopted the socialistic market economy system and has been moving forward in economic reform. This gradually expanded their market economy. The open and reform policy achieved the highest average annual GDP growth rate of 9% and helped the country maintain high growth. China's economic growth in recent years has a lot to do with the international trading and direct investment by foreign corporations. China's entry into the WTO dramatically increased their amount of capital and investments due to their aggressive investments with foreign corporations. It is quite amazing that investments in China has been constantly increasing while the direct investments worldwide is decreasing. Moreover, increase in such investments is contributing to China's job creation, as well as, the expansion of international trading. When international economic exchange started between Japan and China in the 1970s, it was in the form of aid for developing countries, hence the collection of the investment was out of the question. It was in the 1990s that Japan started the full-scale investments with China and it was mostly centered in transfer of the production base. Japanese corporations aim was to mass produce goods less expensively using abundant and cheap labor and to sell them to Japan and other countries. The amount of Japan's exports and imports compared with China is increasing every year but the trade deficit has gone into the red. The dollar amount has been decreased from $ 27 billion in 2001 to $ 18 billion in 2003. The problems and damages in the system of justice and administrative confrontation that Japanese corporations are facing are continuously at a stand-still even after China's entry into the WTO. It has been 20 years since Japan's advance in China and during that period, the Japanese corporations brought many changes ranging from exports/imports to direct investment. Although Japan's new corporations tend to be located in the mid-western part of China, rather than the coastal areas, the region itself is not the cause for the confrontation. The problem stems from the Japanese treating the Chinese as if they were Japanese because they look similar due to their Asian ancestry. In reality the Chinese have completely different ways of doing business. Here we will take a look at the international trading and direct investment of Japanese corporations in China and study the conflicts that occurred in business transactions with China through real examples.