• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.2043-2055
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• 2014

This paper empirically investigates the effects of technology licensing on the licensee firm's performance with the help of a unique data set of observed licensing transactions in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry. We examine how intensity of licensing participation as a licensee affects the firm's performance. This study also analyzes how relationship between the licensor and the licensee in a deal along with characteristics of participants and their industry influences the performance of the licensee firm. The findings suggest that frequent participation in technology licensing increase licensee firm's sales growth. Also, transaction cost considerations and technology spillovers are important explanatory factors that influence licensee firms' performance in licensing.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

The single sourcing policy, in which an automobile manufacturer purchases identical or similar parts from one supplier, has an advantage of scale economy. Meanwhile, multiple sourcing policy, which allows procuring similar parts from multiple suppliers, has benefits of dispersing risks and promoting competition among suppliers. This paper analyzes the procurement policies by presenting a model of the Japanese automobile parts trade. It concludes that maturity of technology involved should be taken into account besides above-mentioned factors which have traditionally been recognized. For parts produced using evolving technologies, the single sourcing enhances purchaser’s benefits because of the scale economy in learning process. In the meantime, multiple sourcing is more beneficial to the purchaser if the parts are based on mature technologies. In either policy, if the technology involved is evolving, motivating suppliers by returning a great part of cost reduction as a reward to them may eventually increase profit for the purchaser. The conclusion supports the situation where the number of suppliers is being cut down as the trend of modularization and system deliveries of parts progresses in the auto parts industry, and suggests that returning part of benefits to parts suppliers may be encouraged from the viewpoint of auto manufacturers’ own interest.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2022

To help the industry, outsourcing was found to be the most efficient method. An extensive literature analysis was done to assess the macroeconomic factors associated with outsourcing to supplement the anxious parties' decision-making process with evidence-based comprehensive tools. As a theoretical framework for evaluating these issues, transaction cost economies and resource-based perspective theories are investigated. Outsourcing is proven to be a result of energy crises and political instability. The advantages of outsourcing assist major industries in the economy. To discover the key drivers behind outsourcing, we used the vector autoregressive (VAR model) and step-wise regression techniques for the period 1992 to 2016. This research adds to the literature in that it not only explains the energy issue but also discusses the dilemma of political instability in the country in the context of outsourcing. The findings indicate that labor cost and export tendency have a positive impact on outsourcing strategy, which confirms the study's third and fourth hypotheses. Customs tax, inflation, and the unemployment rate, on the other hand, have a negative impact on textile outsourcing in Pakistan, according to the study's fifth, sixth, and seventh hypotheses.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2011

Recently, medical market has been changing not for the sake of treatment of the disease but for high quality of health. Therefore, South Korea medical tourism service needs to understand and improve for the differences perceptions of medical tourists and health professionals for customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to understand the structure of medical tourism market through theoretical consideration and to suggest the factors which need to be taken precedence for improvement of South Korea medical tourism service through analysis differences between consumers and suppliers. To analyze the difference of awareness, we reconstructed the questionnaires focussing on evaluation factors and articles about medical tourists selection attributes and health professionals way to invigoration through previous research and precedence study. After that, we also collected the data based on reconstructed questionnaires. After we compared each collected responses from medical tourists and health professionals, also analyzed the differences of awareness by applying Johari's Window to those differences. In conclusion, there is no relation between medical tourist and health professionals about th differences of awareness in functional quality and cost that is a direct effect to transaction in current medical tourism of South Korea. In contrast, there are differences of awareness between a process which support medical tourism and technical quality. Therefor, we expect to invigorate medical tourism by innovation of supportive process and technical quality.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제13권
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• pp.71-88
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• 2004

온라인 주식거래 고객은 증권사사이트 간 거래의 차별성이 적고, 전환비용(switching cost)이 낮기 때문에 거래증권사를 바꾸기 쉽다는 특징이 있다. 반면, 오프라인 주식거래 고객은 온라인 거래에 비해 영업직원의 밀착 서비스를 받기 때문에 수수료가 더 많고, 거래를 위한 시간적 비용도 더 지불해야 하기 때문에 비교적 전환비용이 높으며 이에 따른 상표 충성도도 온라인에 비해 높다. 이러한 전환비용과 충성도는 주식거래 수수료를 변경할 경우, 그 회사와 거래를 지속할 것인지 혹은 다른 회사로 이탈할 것인지에 대한 의사결정에 영향을 주게 된다. 그러면, 증권사의 수수료 수준에 따라 고객이 유지 혹은 이탈의도를 나타내는 가격탄력도는 얼마일까? 그리고, 이러한 가격탄력도가 온라인과 오프라인에서는 어떻게 달라질까? 이를 알아보기 위해 결합분석에 의한 개별 가격반응함수를 도출하고 각 가격대별 선택확률간의 차이 발생여부에 따라 현재가격에서 가격을 을리거나 내려도 증권거래량이 변화하지 않은 가격수용범위(latitude of price acceptance)를 측정하여 온라인과 오프라인에서의 차이를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 현재가격을 준거가격(reference price)으로 한 경우, 사이트의 수수료를 인상하여도 주식거래량에 유의한 차이가 나지 않는 가격수용범위가 오프라인이 온라인보다 더 넓은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 증권 사이트 간 차이가 적고, 사이트 간 전환비용이 낮은 주식온라인거래의 특성이 반영된 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구의 의의로는 학술적 측면에서 제품에 적용하고 있는 가격수용범위의 측정방법을 증권업에 상표별로 확대 제시하였다는데 공헌점이 있으며, 더나가 온라인과 오프라인이라는 매체 육성에 따라 가격수용범위의 길이가 차이가 있음을 실증분석하는 결과를 제시하였다. 실무측면에서는 마케터 자신의 증권사이트에 해당하는 상표별 가격수용범위를 확인하고 이 범위 안에서 가격인상만으로도 이익을 향유할 수 있는 기회를 제공하였다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.387-407
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• 2005

This paper is to study globalization motives and strategies of Japanese and Korean industries by analyzing the causes and patterns of foreign direct investment (FDI) of the firms of the two countries during the 1980s and 1990s. First we develop a FDI function from the profit maximizing model of firms. Then we use regression analysis to determine internally driving-out factors and externally-inducing factors. Japanese FDI strategy has gone through three different stages; from natural resource-seeking investment in the 1950s and 1960s to market-expansion investment in the 1970s and 1980s and to a combination of cost-reducing (low-cost labor-seeking) investment and market-penetrating investment in the 1990s. On the other hand, Korean FDI behavior has gone through four different stages; from the learning stage with small investments in the 1970s, to natural resource-seeking investment in the early and mid 1980s, to the growth stage in the late 1980s and the early 1990s, to the maturity stage of the mid and late 1990s. The last two stages were characterized by a combination of cost-reducing investment and market-seeking investment. As a late comer, Korea began its FDI two decades later than Japan, but caught up the patterns of Japanese FDI by the mid 1990s and is in a competing position with Japan. Our findings show that both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in Asia and other developing countries tendto be in labor-intensive sectors where their firms are losing their comparative advantages at home. The main motive for FDI into these regions is low-cost resource seeking. On the other hand, both Japanese FDI and Korean FDI in the U.S. and Europe tend to be knowledge-intensive sectors where Japanese and Korean firms attempt to internalize transaction and information costs by globalizing its production. The main motive for FDI into these regions is market-seeking. Firms in both countries have increased their investments in Mexico and Western and Eastern Europe in order to penetrate large economic blocs such as the EU and NAFTA area. Korean firms are more aggressive in expanding into new and untested markets than are their counterpart in Japan. Evidence of this can be seen in the scarcity of Japanese FDI and abundance of Korean FDI in Eastern Europe and China.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국벤처창업학회 2009년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.111-138
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• 2009

본 연구는 기업이 연구개발 (R&D) 활동에 있어서 외부 업체에게 아웃소싱을 하는 경우에 연구개발 아웃소싱 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인과 R&D 성과에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지에 대한 연구이다. 본 연구에서는 R&D 아웃소싱의 결정요인을 크게 거래특성요인, 조직특성요인, 의존위험요인으로 나누었다. 거래특성요인은 거래비용이론에 근거하여 R&D 비용절감, 자산의 특수성, 불확실성을 변수로 두었고 조직특성요인은 자원준거이론에 의하여 외부기술에 대한 개방성, 기술개발 역량, 아웃소싱 경험으로 보았고 의존위험요인은 자원의존이론을 기반으로 기술적 위험, 비용증가위험, 관리적 위험으로 분류하였다. 추가적으로 R&D 아웃소싱이 실제로 기업의 R&D 성과에 어떠한 영향을 끼치는지에 대해서도 분석하였다. 연구결과, R&D 아웃소싱의 정도가 높은 기업은 R&D 비용을 절감하고자 하는 의도가 있는 기업, 자산의 특수성이 약한 기업, 외부 자원에 대한 개방성이 있는 기업, 기술역량이 부족한 기업, 아웃소싱 경험이 있는 기업, 기술적 위험을 회피하지 않는 기업으로 결과가 나왔다. R&D 아웃소싱 정도가 기업의 R&D 성과에 영향을 끼칠 것으로 예상한 가설은 유의한 상관관계가 없는 것으로 분석 되었다. 본 연구를 통하여서 기업들이 진행하고 있는 R&D 아웃소싱의 실태를 파악하고 기업의 R&D 업무 담당자로 하여금 효과적인 R&D 업무를 수행할 수 있는 지침서가 될 수 있을 것이라고 예상한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2022

In the current fast-growing market economy, the accounting-outsourcing trend of small and medium-sized enterprises is on the increase. Studies from both foreign and domestic sources have shown that many factors influence this decision. However, each country has different economic and political characteristics, so these factors and their degree of impact on accounting outsourcing also vary. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the decision to outsource accounting activities of small and medium transport enterprises in Vietnam. A survey of 384 transport SMEs was conducted using the convenience sampling method. A personal interview with owners/managers/CFOs in 3 major cities of Vietnam based on a research review was conducted. The model examines the influence of many independent variables on accounting outsourcing. The multilinear regression analysis shows that the higher the Assets Specificity, the lower the degree of accounting outsourcing. In addition, the degree of outsourcing is positively and significantly related to frequency and trust in accountants. Besides, when we include control variables such as gender, administrative level, firm size, company age, education, and experience into the model. The results show that small and medium enterprises with limited resources should switch from the traditional internal accounting method to a professional accountant with external knowledge. Based on this study, the author proposes several implications for the accounting outsourcing of small and medium-sized transport enterprises in Vietnam to be more effective. Finally, this study also contributes to the basic knowledge of accounting outsourcing.

• 무역학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.189-204
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• 2021

The fourth industrial revolution is affecting the industry as a whole, and the current logistics industry is coexisting with crises and opportunities. As part of overcoming this situation, the online platformization of the logistics market has recently been rapidly taking place, and the growth of e-commerce around developed countries has emerged as a demand for flexible freight services that can send and receive cargo anywhere and anytime at appropriate cost. However, the logistics industry has not been able to change rapidly in line with the demands of the market as it is immersed in traditional transportation transactions. Thus, the digital transformation of the freight market has become urgent to address problems such as uncertainty over traditionally closed and conservative freight market transaction processes and the lack of reliability caused by information asymmetry. Therefore, innovative domestic and foreign companies are attempting to establish a new way of transporting cargo, especially a marketplace way of connecting suppliers and consumers. Current status analysis and case studies were conducted through existing literature surveys, and prior research on freight market place selection factors was previewed, and the selection factors were stratified into five upper and 19 lower factors. Through this study, it is expected that improvements for sustainable growth of freight marketplace companies will be derived and that it will be a basic study of establishing management strategies through marketplace operation and quality control. In addition, it is deemed that the priority of customer requirements can be actively accepted, providing an opportunity to actively respond and strengthen corporate competitiveness.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2001

Many markets are forecast to see significant changes due to the growth of electronic commerce made possible by the internet. The way of doing business with internet affects the market mechanism. It is now over 10 years since Malone et al(1987) set out their hypothesis on electronic markets, and electronic hierarchies. An electronic market is an interorganizational information system through which multiple buyers and sellers interact to accomplish one or more of the following market-making activities. And they predicted that markets evolve toward electronic markets, by reducing search cost, which may result in significantly. higher price competition among sellers and therefore lower prices for buyers. And the degree of two factors; asset specificity and uncertainty, affect the market mechanism. Products with low asset specificity and low uncertainty are compatible with a market relationship while the greater the asset specificity and uncertainty, the more likely it is to favour a hierarchical structure. Based on the these researches, we observed and analyzed a case study of market mechanism in Internet business. We found the fact that even though Internet could make the business environment in which lots of buyers and suppliers participate, electronic market will evolve market mechanism. 1 analyzed two factors, which affected market evolution. First, When Asset specificity is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred to hierarchical structure. Second, When transaction uncertainty is low in electronic commerce, market structure should be preferred In hierarchical structure. This research covers conceptual and empirical aspects on electronic market structure. Future research should be variously done about the influential factors of electronic market mechanism.