• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.20-24
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• 2006

In this paper we investigated the method of examining the accelerated life test on LED traffic signal module by the temperature. The longevity presumption of the LED type signal light by a general heat cycle test used and executed cycle when it was done to longevity by the heat cycle test number and the acceleration factor of a real system requirements of this heat cycle test. Therefore, it reports on the introduction of the acceleration type from which the LED traffic signal module is done here to clarify the above-mentioned acceleration factor with the object and the acceleration factor is requested the test atmosphere actually in the system requirements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.836-841
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• 2012

The repair of road pavement and manhole has been resulted long construction times and traffic jams, environmental pollution from construction wastes, and budget waste due to excessive construction costs. In order to resolve such problems, we have developed the new construction method using C-ring, which can fix and raise the manhole securely. This technology is the method by driving in a wedge after inserting C-ring and expanding it in order to raise manhole to the regular height. This has been approved by the test reports of KOLAS(Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme), and was confirmed safety, durability and reliabilty in result. In this paper we approved this technology was able to short working times to around 20% and construction costs to around 50% with compare other construction methods. Also, environmental pollution and civil complaints will be prevented because there will be no longer any noises, vibrations, dust, or construction wastes.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.57-70
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• 2021

This study aims to investigate the security demand about the traffic policing by analyzing civil complaints. Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA) was applied to extract key topics for 2,062 civil complaints data related to traffic policing from e-People. And additional analysis was made of reports of violations, which accounted for a high proportion. In this process, the consistency and convergence of keywords and representative documents were considered together. As a result of the analysis, complaints related to traffic police could be classified into 41 topics, including traffic safety facilities, passing through intersections(signals), provisional impoundment of vehicle plate, and personal mobility. It is necessary to strengthen crackdowns on violations at intersections and violations of motorcycles and take preemptive measures for the installation and operation of unmanned traffic control equipments, crosswalks, and traffic lights. In addition, it is necessary to publicize the recently amended laws a implemented policies, e-fine, procedure after crackdown.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.5-23
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• 2009

Transportation systems around the world are difficult to maintain sustainability that, in a broad sense, is the capacity to endure. By connecting Entropy theory and systems thinking, we find the current problems and seek alternative plans. Distortions of the current transportation system to improve individual's ease and increasing traffic congestion, impose us the heavy energy consumption and will make increase whole entropy. UNEP reports are presented following three reasons that undermine the sustainabillity. The first one is that the prevalent traffic system highlight benefits of accessibility than benefits of mobility, the second, deteriorate excessive energy consumption, and the last reason is that personal vehicles has inhibited the use of public transportation. Alternative ideas to enhance the sustainable transportation system are these; (1) changeover from 'Ease of movement' to 'space efficiency', (2) evolving the smart traffic system instead of the construction or expansion of the road and (3) creating more comfortable the use of mass transportation. In addition, there are another ways that encouraging modal shift that increase traffic of goods, transport over railway lines and waterways, decongesting transport corridors and elevating technology to improve public transportation. The most importantly, we converse our cognitive process to be willing to enjoy uncomfortable and annoying life.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.67-84
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• 2002

Traffic decks of steel or composite motorway bridges sometimes provide the opportunity of using the composite action between an existing steel deck and a reinforced concrete plate (RC plate) in the process of rehabilitation, i.e., to increase the load-carrying capacity of the deck for concentrated traffic loads. The steel decks may be orthotropic decks or also unstiffened steel plates, which during the rehabilitation are connected with the RC plate by shear studs, such developing an improved local load distribution by the joint behaviour of the two plate elements. Investigations carried out, both experimentally and numerically, were performed in order to quantitatively assess the combined static behaviour and to qualitatively verify the usability of the structure for dynamic loading. The paper reports on the testing, the numerical simulation as well as the comparison of the results. Conclusions drawn for practical design indicated that the static behaviour of these structures may be very efficient and can also be analysed numerically. Further, the results gave evidence of a highly robust behaviour under fatigue equivalent cyclic traffic loading.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2010

Background: An independent medical examination (IME) is a critical process for awarding reparation for injury. However, conducting an IME in pain medicine is very difficult, not only because pain is a subjective symptom, but also because there are no proper objective methods to demonstrate it. This study was conducted to compare IME reports and the court decisions on the disability status of the patients. Methods: We analyzed 79 IME reports and 25 corresponding court decisions on the disability status of patients. The diagnoses, causal relationships between the patients' status and the trauma, McBride's degree of disability, the American Medical Association's impairment ratings, the estimated annual cost for future treatment, and the necessity of care-giving were compared and analyzed. Results: The diagnoses in the 79 cases were complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) type I (58 cases), CRPS type II (7 cases), peripheral neuropathy (5 cases), myofascial pain syndrome (4 cases), herniated intervertebral disc (2 cases), and fibromyalgia (1 case). The types of accidents were road traffic accidents (50 cases), military injuries (14 cases), industrial accidents (11 cases), and others (4 cases). The IME reports and the court decisions stated considerably different McBride's degrees of disability (P = 0.014). However, there was no significant difference in the estimated cost for future treatment between the IME reports and the court decisions (P = 0.912). Conclusions: IME reports should be accurate, fair, and based on objective findings. Feedback on IMEs from the court decisions is helpful for reference use.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.201-211
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review Korean domestic studies and investigate the research trends of pharmacopuncture therapy on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods: Domestic studies between February 1999 and May 2020 from four Korean databases were searched with combinations of keywords 'cervical pain', 'traffic accident', 'whiplash injury', and 'pharmacopuncture'. Results: 17 studies were selected for review, including 7 randomized controlled trials, 5 retrospective observational studies, 3 case reports, and 2 non-randomized controlled trials. Each study was reviewed by published year, study type, types of pharmacopuncture solutions, selected acupuncture points, dosage of pharmacopuncture solutions, frequency of treatment, concurrent treatments, outcome measurements, and the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy. The results are as follows: (1) It showed that the total number of published studies had increased slightly in the last 10 years compared to the previous decade. (2) The pharmacopuncture solutions used in the studies were in the following order: Bee-Venom (蜂毒), Jungsongouhyul (中性瘀血), Hwangryunhaedoktang (黃連解毒湯) and Soyeom (消炎). Frequently used acupuncture points were GB20, GV21, A-shi point, GV16, EX-B2, and SI15 in order. (3) The most commonly used total injection dosage was 1.0 cc at a time, and the frequency of treatment was twice a week. (4) Concurrent treatments such as acupuncture, herbal medication, physical therapy and Chuna manual therapy were performed in all 17 studies. (5) Pharmacopuncture therapy showed positive effects on cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies reviewed. Conclusion: Pharmacopuncture therapy was effective in cervical pain caused by traffic accidents in all 17 studies selected. Further studies will be needed using more larger scales and more objective data to confirm the effectiveness of pharmacopuncture therapy and to generalize its application.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

Background: In this study, the association of work and demographic characteristics with different traffic offenses committed by food delivery riders in Greece was examined. Previous research has identified various factors related to risky driving however, there is a need for exploring the complex interrelationship of work-related factors underlying risky driving behavior. Materials and Methods: A 2-items uestionnaire was used exploring delivery riders demographic characteristics, terms of employment, issues of concern during work and type of traffic offenses committed. In total, uestionnaires were analyzed using logistic regression in order to identify characteristics independently associated with serious traffic offenses, namely, red-light running and helmet non-use. Results: The analysis showed that: (i) typical health and safety measures had no effect on serious traffic offenses, (ii) young age was related to both offenses however (iii) different sets of work conditions were associated with reports of red-light running (i.e. low work experience, use of personal vehicle for work, and payment by hour) and helmet non-use respectively (i.e. intense work pace, high tip income per day and low concern about vehicle condition). Conclusion: The above findings provide evidence that serious traffic offenses are manifestations of underlying conflict experienced by the riders between safety and various performance criteria. Each one of the two offenses is related to different rider profiles aiming to satisfy different goals, namely, those mainly trying to maximize profit non-helmet users and those, mostly inexperienced ones, trying to cope with work pressure red light runners. Potential regulatory measures to alleviate risky practices are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.147-157
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• 2022

Recently, many studies have been conducted to analyze traffic or object recognition that classifies vehicles through artificial intelligence-based prediction models using CCTV (Closed Circuit TeleVision)or drone images. In order to develop an object recognition deep learning model for accurate traffic estimation, systematic data construction is required, and related standardized guidelines are insufficient. In this study, previous studies were analyzed to derive guidelines for establishing artificial intelligence-based training data for traffic estimation using drone images, and business reports or training data for artificial intelligence and quality management guidelines were referenced. The guidelines for data construction are divided into data acquisition, preprocessing, and validation, and guidelines for notice and evaluation index for each item are presented. The guidelines for data construction aims to provide assistance in the development of a robust and generalized artificial intelligence model in analyzing the estimation of road traffic based on drone image artificial intelligence.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2023

On December 19, 2015, as Article 29-3 (Installation of Accident Recording Devices and Provision of Information) of Motor Vehicle Management Act came into force, In Korea, the EDR (Event Data Recorder) reports are often used for the analysis of various traffic accident cases such as multiple collisions, traffic insurance crimes, and sudden unintended acceleration (SUA), and the others. So many investigators have analyzed the driver's behavior and vehicle situation by comparing the time zero in the EDR report to the actual crash time in dash-cam (or CCTV). Time zero (T0) is defined as the reference time for the record interval or time interval when recording an accident in Article 56-2, Enforcement rule of Performance and Standard for Automobile and Automotive parts. Also in the EDR report, time zero (T0) is defined as whichever of the following occurs first; 1. "wake-up" by an air-bag control system, 2. Continuously running algorithms (by monitoring of longitudinal or lateral delta-V), 3. Deployment of a non-reversible deployment restraint. We have already proposed the "Flowchart & Checklist" to adopt the EDR report for traffic accident investigation and the necessity of specialized institutions or courses to systematically educate or analyze the EDR data. Therefore, in this paper, we report to traffic accident investigators notable points and analysis methods based on some real-world traffic accidents that can be misjudged in specifying time zero (T0).