• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.179-201
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• 2018

Food labelling rules reflect the interaction of a number of factors such as industry needs for marketing flexibility and minimal regulations, consumer's rights to know what is in the product and public health concerns. However, food labelling rules could apply to international trade as non-tariff barriers so it is necessary to make multilateral harmonization of food labelling rules. For this, GATT XX, SPS, and TBT of the WTO can serve as jurisprudence in agreements. Lgnoring the safety problems of GM food, which is currently a worldwide issue, it is a situation that needs international harmonization of GM food labelling methods, harmonization of technical terms which are used in Korean law, and clear interpretation criteria for GM food labelling methods and contents are vital for sustainable trade in agricultural products. Therefore, this study proposes interpretation criteria through major trade countries' GM food labelling methods and an examination of Korean law. Furthermore, this study proposes international harmonization guidelines for GM food in the future.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.121-148
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• 2023

The rapid melting of Arctic sea ice has increased interest in the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as a viable alternative trade route between Europe and Asia. While extensive research has examined its competitiveness in terms of technical feasibility, safety, profitability, and environmental impact, the topic of the NSR ports remains relatively underrepresented in the literature. Hence, this study aims to contribute to the existing research by assessing the efficiency of 17 NSR ports to gain insights into their operations and identify areas for improvement using models of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA). The obtained results show that efficient ports mainly belong to the western NSR region, with ports like Murmansk and Varandei consistently demonstrating high efficiency and constant returns to scale. Several ports, such as Onega, Arkhangelsk, Naryan-Mar, and Khatanga, showed inefficiencies in the utilization of berths and quay lengths. The findings not only contribute to academic knowledge but also offer practical implications for NSR port authorities, assisting them in making well-informed decisions regarding infrastructure development plans.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.107-135
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• 2003

This study reviews the proposed liability and redress regime under the Cartagena Protocol on Biodiversity. Several core elements for the regime are discussed in comparison with those listed in the 1999 Basel Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage resulting from the Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal. These are (1) scope of the rules and procedures; (2) channeling of liability; (3) legal standing; (4) definition of damage; (5) standard of care; (6) ancillary sources of compensation; (7) limitation of liability; (8) financial guarantees; and (9) mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments. Korea has given relatively little attention to the issue of liability and redress in the context of LMOs trade. As the Protocol is expected to enter into force soon, Korea needs to develop appropriate implementing domestic mechanisms for the Biosafety Protocol. Establishing an adequate domestic liability and compensation scheme will be one of the most important mechanisms not only to comply the Protocol but to ensure safety of LMOs in general. A further research is needed on the basis of a comparision of relevant legislations in different countries as well as analysis of current laws related to the accidents arising from LMOs trade, such as product liability laws, food safety laws, liability provisions in some environmental legislations.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.295-304
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• 2002

This case describes key development challenges and patterns as experienced by Internet Auction Company, Ltd. from the startup stage through IPO to the sale to eBay. Currently an eBay company, Internet Auction Co. continues to pursue new auction systems and substitute distribution systems for the future with a renewed entrepreneurial spirit. In 1997, Mr Hyuk Oh saw a business opportunity in the Internet allowing two-way communications. At that time, the success stories of eBay and Onsale in the United States were good stimuli to his startup of an auction site. He opened the Website in April 1, 1998 after four months of development efforts. Auction has merit more than other shopping malls. First, it brings about interesting and benefit. Second, it has interactive trade system. Third, customers will trade for reasonable price through direct own will of them. Fourth, Auction's model brings about multitude sale through aggressive sales. Even if Network Marketing has socially negative effect in case of inappropriate use, it is good mood for further business. In case E-Commerce use as useful purpose, it will have competitive priority revenue model.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

The present study intended to analyze and detect any possible shortcomings in the current egg distribution system in Korea through a questionnaire. The institutional system and cases of operation thereof in advanced countries such as the USA, Japan, and Germany for the development of the egg distribution industry in Korea. The results revealed the following issues: absent pricing system, ineffective egg distribution, and difficulty in balancing supply and demand. Suggestions for addressing these issues and the subsequent improvement were based on cases found in the instated systems of advanced countries, and were given as follows: (i) The existing GP Center needs to be separated from the farms of laying hens, and the current institutional system and its operations need to be improved and should be approved by the government. Parallel to the institutional improvement, establishing a distribution system centered on the GP Center would be desirable. (ii) Egg pricing regulations are needed as a standard to determine the price of eggs. (iii) The reinforcing control standards and securing means for egg preservation are pertinent to each stage of egg distribution and should take into account environmental factors such as egg preservation temperature to guarantee high hygiene standards and egg safety.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2024

The remarkable economic growth achieved in the modern era has revitalized various industries, including pet trade. More than 2,000 species of non-native species have been introduced to South Korea and approximately 7.7 tonnes of alien turtles are imported annually. Turtles belonging to the family Kinosternidae. They are mostly small and popular pets, although they are designated as Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) species. In the present study, we present the first two species of musk turtles found in the wild in South Korea. On April 5, 2023 and July 8, 2023, an eastern musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) and a razorbacked musk turtle (Sternotherus carinatus) were captured in Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do and Jung-gu, Daejeon, respectively. The carapace length was 88.6 mm for S. odoratus and 105.68 mm for S. carinatus. They were identified based on their morphological characteristics and mtDNA cytochrome b gene. These turtles were found in waterfront areas with over 1.4 million annual visitors. Both sites were found to have threatened amphibians and reptiles. There is an urgent need to continue monitoring and conducting risk assessments for the protection of endemic species in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to keep the safety of the car ferry passengers and vessels by investigating and analyzing vessel safety management systems in Korea and China. To this end, we investigated Korea-China car ferries and the current status and causes of global marine accidents corresponding to the sizes of the vessels from Korea and China. Furthermore, we investigated car ferries' crew management and safety management. As a result of the analysis of the ferry accident, the causes of human error and ship's age were the greatest, but the ship's companies showed a negative stance regarding the age restriction. It seems that it is necessary to utilize the near-miss accident reporting system and differentiate the management of ship's aging. Also, it was analyzed that both the ship company and the crew of the ship need to strengthen their awareness of safety management.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.66-73
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• 2013

Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a famous method amongst Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), set up by Saaty in 1980. AHP can be determined as a methodology of hierarchical analysis following reasonable decision making with make simpler a difficult crisis. Decision making in systems of Safety management concerned multipart challenges. AHP is process for get better the composite decisions understanding with analyzes of the problem in a structure of hierarchy. The integration all of applicable decision criteria, their pair wise judgment permits the decision maker to establish the trade-offs amongst objectives. In recent years, Malaysian's economy and infrastructure development have significantly and rapidly risen. The construction industry continues to play a major role in this development as many construction activities have been carried out to meet the high demands of the expansive market. However, the construction industry has faced a wide range of challenges, one of which is the frequent occurrences of accidents at the workplace. An effective safety program can substantially reduce accidents because it can help management to build up safer means of operations and create safe working environments for the workers. Furthermore, by having an effective safety programs, good safety culture can be embedded in organization because it can encourage mutual cooperation between management and workers in the operations of the programs and decisions that affect their safety and health. The focus of this research is development methodology of Analytics Hierarchy Process (AHP) in construction safety factors and investigates the levels of some effective elements in SMS in Malaysian construction industries.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.499-509
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• 2013

Seafarers are one of the main engines driving economic growth in the maritime sector. The International Maritime (IMO) Organization estimated that there were approximately 1.5 million seafarers around the world engaged in international trade in 2012. Data have shown that human casualties in maritime accidents around Japan have shown an increasing trend over the last ten years. One cause is human error, which is inseparable from the human element that influences mariner's decisions and actions. The Personal Identification (PIN) Safe method is one way to systematically identify substandard and unsafe actions by considering the error taxonomies associated with various scenarios for a maritime system. The results are based on analysis of the role of the human element in commonly reported unsafe actions when interacting with equipment and other systems. Furthermore, patterns of influencing shaping factors were observed on the basis of data processing; the aim of this study was to promote safety culture and provide an opportunity to improve safety at sea.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.237-248
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• 2010

The safety of metal cask and concrete cask storage technology has been verified by CRIEPI through several research programs on demonstrative testing for the interim storage of spent fuel. The results have been reflected in the safety requirements for dry casks issued by NISA/METI (Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry) of the Japanese government. On top of that, spent fuel integrity has been studied by the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES). This paper reviews these research programs. Future issues include the long-term integrity of cask components and high burn-up spent fuel.