• 무역상무연구
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• 제70권
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• pp.135-157
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• 2016

Globalization of consumption, expansion of cross border e-trade, increase use of internet and mobile have led to rapid growth of world e-commerce particularly in Asia and emerging markets. Impacted by Korean wave, online export is continuously increasing, yet Korea is experiencing severe e-commerce trade imbalance. Export growth rate and ratio of Korean small companies are relatively low from OECD member countries. Therefore, Korean government is currently emphasizing on vitalization of online export to China to resolve trade imbalance and to increase export of small companies. To propose detail measures to vitalize online export to China, this study is focused on export customs clearance procedure of Korea and import customs clearance procedure of China in view of online export company. Also suggested countermeasure plan and analysis for the new tax revision plan related to e-commerce which implemented on April 8th 2016. This study have grouped countermeasure plan by short term plan of firms and long term plan of the government. As for the short-term countermeasure plan for firms, first, comparison analysis of tax rate on products is need to decide type of e-commerce strategy; second, if planning to start e-commerce business to China, sales possibility and certification check is necessary; third, through preparation of customs clearance document is needed; last in order to obtain price competitiveness, new logistics strategy and packing development is required. As for the long-term countermeasure plan for the government, I have suggested cooperated bonded logistics service for small businesses and operation plan of show room for promising Korean products.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.788-795
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• 2014

This paper demonstrates the dynamic behaviors of paralleled high power IGBTs using trench and fieldstop technologies. Four IGBTs are paralleled and standard deviation is adopted to represent the imbalance. Experiments are conducted under three different operation conditions and at different temperatures ranging from $-25^{\circ}C$ to $125^{\circ}C$. The experimental results show that operation at very low and very high temperatures usually aggravates the switching behaviors. There is a trade-off between the balance and the losses at low temperatures. These results can help in the design of heat sinks in paralleling applications confronting very low temperatures.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2022

This study intends to examine the regional blocs of the international crude oil futures market by analyzing the dynamic conditional correlation between the international crude oil futures markets using the DCC-GARCH model. For statistical data, from April 2, 2018 to March 31, 2022, international crude oil futures prices such as Europe, the United States, China, and Dubai were used. To summarize the results of the study, first, the phenomenon of regional blocs in the international crude oil futures market is occurring, and it is found that it is gradually strengthening as time goes by. Second, it was found that the dynamic correlation of the international crude oil futures market is temporarily strengthened when a supply-demand imbalance problem occurs due to a global shock. Third, it was found that the volatility of the Chinese crude oil futures market affects the international crude oil futures market. This study confirmed that the regional blocs phenomenon in the international crude oil futures market is strengthened as time goes by. In particular, it suggested that China's influence in the international oil market would increase.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.253-280
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• 2012

중국이 개혁개방을 한 이후 가공무역은 중국의 경제성장에 커다란 공헌을 하였으며 대외경제발전의 원동력이 되었다. 그러나 산업분포의 불균형에 따라 노동집약형 제품의 과잉생산이 확대되었고 그에 따른 저부가가치 생산품의 대량 수출로 인해 무역마찰은 심각해졌다. 또한 이러한 제품은 환경오염을 일으키며 자원낭비를 초래했다. 이에 중국 정부는 가공무역의 고도화 전략으로 제도를 정비하기에 이른다. 본 연구에서는 가공무역제도 변경에 따른 대응책으로 보세구역의 활용성을 제시하였다. 첫째, 자사의 품목이 금지품목이나 제한품목에 해당한다 할지라도 보세구역을 활용하면 기업활동을 할 수 있다. 둘째, 비보세구역에서 보증금 적립의무를 부담해야 하는 기업이라 할지라도 보세구역을 활용하면 보증금을 적립할 의무가 없어진다. 셋째, 가공무역을 위해 수입하는 설비에 대해서도 비보세구역보다 보세구역을 활용하면 세제상의 혜택을 받을 수 있다.

• 기계저널
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.576-583
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• 1995

최근들어 우리나라의 대일무역적자폭이 확대되면서 이에 대한 대책마련이 시급한 과제로 대두 되고 있다. 1986년에 54억 달러의 적자를 나타낸 대일무역수지는 '87, '88년기간중에 적자폭이 개선되는 기미을 보이다가 '89년부터 다시 증가세로 반전하여 '94년에는 119억 달러의 기록적인 규모의 적자를 나타내었다. 이와 같은 대일무역역조는 우이 상품의 가격 ? 비가격경쟁력의 약 화에 따른 수출증가세의 둔화와 대일수입 유발형 산업구조에서 나타나는 지속적인 수입증가 때 문이며, 여기에 '90년대 이후 내수증가로 인해 새로운 수입수요가 창출되었기 때문으로 보인다. 이 글에서는 우리나라의 대일 무역역조의 현황과 구조분석을 통해 근본적인 해결책을 모색해 보고자 한다.

• 한국산업정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산업정보학회 1999년도 추계공동학술대회 논문집:21세기지식경영과 정보기술
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• pp.623-637
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• 1999

This study firstly aims to review the discussions among major nations and international organizations on removal of tariff wall in EC. Secondly, it is analyzed how the trend of tariff reduction of removal will affect an individual economy in a partial balance analysis model on an assumed small-size economy. In closing, political implication for removal of tariffs in EC will be presented. The study concluded that tariff removal on Internet EC has both positive and negative effects on the importing economy. It can improve the efficiency in utilization of economic resources by the importing economy in the long term while cut the financial revenue and aggravate the trade balance of importing country. It is inferred from such a conclusion that tariff removal can lead to trade imbalance between the Information haves and the have-nots.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2022

This study was conducted because the global economic downturn caused by COVID-19 caused a surge in logistics costs and it was no longer possible to predict logistics costs using existing methods. For this study, we made the assumption that economic indicators affect logistics cost. Chapter 2 examines the current status of the liner market and factors affecting logistics costs. Based on this, Chapter 3 collects independent and dependent variables to determine the analysis model. As the independent variable, economic indicators of major countries constituting the SCFI were selected, and the dependent variables were the SCFI Europe Index and the SCFI USA Index. In Chapter 4, a panel analysis was conducted based on this, and it was confirmed that major economic indicators had a negative (-) effect on SCFI. This is contrary to the existing research results, which can be attributed to the special situation caused by COVID-19 and the imbalance of demand and supply by region. The results of this study are meaningful in that they can predict long-term logistics cost volatility without analyzing supply and demand, and can be applied to other studies as well.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to examine disconnection between supply and demand shipping market, which means shipowner has determined to raise capacity in bust period. Research design, data, and methodology - The research method to be applied is first to look into conceptual theory about shipping market, and then to study imbalance of supply and demand situations in shipping on crisis, and next, to analyses paradoxical aspects traced. Results - Shipping market is a volatile and cyclic characteristics, and its situations have to be examined very carefully. Since financial crisis has broken up in 2008, it is natural to think that world trade volumes has reduced rapidly, which means demand for shipping service has fallen, and accordingly, tonnage should be stagnated as well. However, shipping companies have put capacity into market as unexpectedly. This is because of economy of scale and time lag. Here, this can be explained in terms of paradox that is proved in this paper. Conclusions - From careful research in this paper, it is found that supply and demand are not always got along with market situations, in other words supply side could be working well, in spite of depression time of demand situations in world shipping markets.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제1권
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• pp.125-146
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• 1989

This paper is examine the problems of U.S.-Korea Air Service Agreement and recommend some directions for its improvement under the rapidly changing circumstance and growing importance of Korean penisula. Since the provisional agreement of 1949, U.S. -Korea Air Service Agreement has consistently been favorable to U.S. side. Fair and equal opportunity is the principle and basis of the bilateral air agreement. Notwithstanding such principle, it is only the U.S. carriers who can freely enter into any market, under the discretion of business strategy, while Korean carrier can serve only three points including Honolulu. In an effort to recitify such serious imbalance, Korea continuousely requested additional rights and has given utmost efforts to accommodate requests made by U.S. carries without much success. When we review aviation market between Korea and U.S. under the present agreement, Korea is fully open to U.S. carries as they can connect from any or all points in the U.S. via any or all points in Korea and all points beyond Korea. Increased number of U.S. carriers are enjoying greater utilization of the opportunity accorded them. Four(4) U.S. carries now operate to Korea using thirteen(13) gateway points and about one hundred fifty(150) on-line points in the U.S. such imbalance can be well understood when we review the exchange of traffic rights between the U.S. and the Pacific rim countries. During the yeras following the 1978 agreement with Korea, the U.S. proceeded to sign liberal agreements with Thailand, Taiwan, Singapore and the Phillipines. In exchange, the U.S. granted the four Pacific rim countries substantially greater rights than were granted to Korea, although Korea was the first Asian nation to sign a pro-competitive aviation agreement which granted U.S. carriers unrestricted market access and pricing flexibility. Moreover, Korea ranks the 2nd trading and tourist partner to the U.S. among the Pacific rim countries (Japan is the largest partner to the U.S. in terms of both trade and tourist market). In this paper such problems in the Korea-U.S. Air Services Agreement are analyzed in terms of historical perspective, U.S. Aviation policy, imbalance status in detail cases, discrimination to Korea comparing to other Asian countries, and theoretical application. And further it discusses current aviation issues between Korea and U.S. such as the ratification of 1980 MOU and various doing business issues of U.S. carriers in Korea. Finally, this paper concludes the analysis and suggests some directions to improve and rectify the problems and imbalance of U.S.-Korea Air Services Agreement in question.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2004

해외직접투자는 기업의 장기적인 성장전략 차원에서 여러 가지 동기를 가진다. 본 연구는 현대자동차의 미국 앨라배마주 현지투자에 대한 사례연구를 통해 우리나라 자동차산업의 관점에서 미국에 대한 직접투자의 동기와 입지선택시의 고려요인을 분석한다. 이 논문은 미국에 대한 수출이 최근 호조세를 지속하고 있는 상황에서 생산원가 면에서 유리하지 않은 미국내 투자가 이루어진 동기는 무엇인가에 대한 문제 제기에서 출발한다. 조사결과 미국투자의 가장 강력한 동기는 대미통상마찰 완화였다. 즉, 수출의 상당부분을 미국시장에 의존하고 있는 상황에서 현지생산을 통하여 자동차부문의 심각한 한ㆍ미간 무역수지 불균형현상을 완화하여 미국과의 통상마찰을 회피하고 무역분쟁의 소지를 줄이고자 하는 방어적 차원의 전략적 동기가 현대자동차 미국 현지투자의 가장 큰 이유였다. 소비자에의 접근성 향상 등 기타 요인은 부수적인 중요성에 머물렀다. 그러나, 국가 단위의 선택이 이루어진 후 local 단위의 선택에 있어서는 여러 가지 입지적 요인들이 종합적으로 고려되었으며, 특히 지방정부의 적절한 인센티브 제공이 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 우리나라 제조업의 선진국에 대한 해외투자는 전통적인 해외직접투자 이론으로써는 설명할 수 없는 방어적 차원의 전략적 동기가 중요하게 작용한다는 것을 시사한다. 아울러, 각급 정부단위의 적절한 유인구조 설계가 해외직접투자 유치에 중요하다는 것을 확인한다.