• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.2993-3002
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• 2015

INCOTERMS 2010 apply to the International Trade Contract for the last 5 years. The export trade condition and the document type for last 10 years was researched to analysis of the practical problems of INCOTERMS 2010 application. The result of the research; First, several rules which are against the official INCOTERMS 2010 rules are used. Second, the conventional rules like FAS FOB, CIF and CFR which are used for the ocean and inland transportation are applied without any changes. Third, the issue of the time of delivery(transfer of ownership) at the CPT and CIP affects not to activate these two rules. Fourth, the frequency of the DAT use is low. Because, the terminal designate is hard at the point of the contract and the terminal is changeable during the transport. According to these issues, the active publicity campaign is needed for the INCOTERMS 2010. And, the analysis of the terms and the solution of conflict are also needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2018

Since the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Report was published in 2005, the conflict between development and the preservation of the ecological environment has turned to paying attention to value assessments in rational decision-making. In recent years, the concept of ecosystem services has been recognized as a viable one for making significant decisions. However, a trade-off between increase and decrease occurs between the ecosystem services sub-categories (cultural service, regulating service, supporting service, and provisioning service), for which research centering on target sites is needed. To this end, the present study aims to investigate the trade-off relationship between service categories to search for reasonable decision-making strategies. As the research method, a survey was conducted using the translated version of SoIVES(Social Value for Ecosystem Services) 3.0 questionnaire of the United States Geological Survey. The research findings demonstrate the economic value, based on the derived monetary value of each service category, the economic value of the target site was compared among landscape aesthetic value 8,050,000 won, recreation value 6,750,000 won, biodiversity value 4,610,000 won, healing value 3,970,000 won, life-sustaining value 2,090,000 won, and productive value 220,000 won. And then the primarily recognized value criteria of the Tancheon ecosystem services illustrate landscape aesthetic and recreation value. Besides, this study illustrates visualized trade-off relationships based on user perception, and the derived relations illustrate the trade-off relationship between the cultural service, regulating service, supporting service, and provisioning service, as well as relationships between the components of the sub-categories.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.137-152
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• 2023

Purpose - Although many existing studies on the US-China hegemonic conflict and decoupling have been published, most of them are qualitative and use descriptive analysis methods. Papers that quantitatively analyzed decoupling mainly estimate the effect of a tariff increase. However, this paper quantitatively analyzed the ripple effect by focusing on decoupling technology spillover between the United States and China. And, for the first time, it was suggested that the blocking of technology spillover could give a fatal blow to the East Asian economy as well as China. Design/methodology - The United States is pursuing decoupling with China, primarily in goods trade and blocking technology transfer. This paper sets up various scenarios and uses three computational general equilibrium (CGE) models to analyze the overall ripple effects of decoupling. A paper using the three CGE models for decoupling ripple effect analysis has not yet been published. Findings - Decoupling will hit the economies of regions with close economic ties to China more than others. According to simulation results of this study, the Chinese economy may suffer severe damage that is difficult to recover from, and the economies of Asian countries are predicted to deteriorate to the point of being choked. Originality/value - Existing papers that assessed the effect of decoupling mostly focus on estimating the effect itself through tariff hikes. This paper is meaningful in that it comprehensively analyzed decoupling by adding the effect of technology spillover blockade. In addition, another meaning can be found in that it quantified for the first time that it will deal a huge blow to the extent of choking the East Asian economy as well as China.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.20
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• pp.23-62
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• 2003

The Law amending the Conflict of Laws Act of the Republic of Korea ("Korea"), which had taken two years to prepare, was promulgated on April 7, 2001 and finally took effect as of July 1, 2001. Accordingly, the old earlier Conflict of Laws Act which was called "Seoboesabeop" in Korean ("Prior Act"Old Act) was replaced by the new Conflict of Laws Act called "Gukjesabeop" in Korean ("New Act"). In fact the Old Act Prior Act was promulgated in 1962, but it was regarded as outdated from the moment of its promulgation. However, since the Old Act because it was modeled after the chapter of the Private International Law of the Einfuehrungsgesetz zum Buergerlichen Gesetzbuch (EGBGB) of the Federal Republic of Germany ("German PIL") and the Japanese Private International Law ("Japanese PIL") which had been promulgated toward the end of the 19th century., the Old Act was viewed as outdated from the moment of its promulgation. As a result of the drastic change of the environment for international trade of which that has taken took place in parallel with the global information technology revolution on a global basis, the scope of issues to be addressed which should be resolved by the conflict of laws principles has been remarkably expanded, and various new issues of an entirely which are quite new in its type and nature have arisen been raised. In the field of conflict of laws in its narrow sense, a revolution or crisis of the traditional conflict of laws has been brought about by the advent in the United States rise of a the new methodology for of the conflict of laws, of the United States of America and in the process of overcoming the such crisis the conflict of laws of the European continent has undergone substantial changes such as the diversification of the connecting principles, the expansion of the principle of party autonomy and the consideration of the value of the substantive law to protect socio-economically weaker parties of. The Prior Act, which was based on However, with the mechanical connecting principles and contained various outdated the inappropriate provisions, the Old Act could not cope with the issues raised by the internationalization and globalization of the Korean society. Furthermore In addition, the Old Act Prior Act was regarded as insufficient in that it lacked rules on international jurisdiction to adjudicate, or international adjudicatory jurisdiction, whereas the expectation of the public was that the Conflict of Laws a Act should function as the "Basic Law of the International Legal Relationships"encompassing rules on international jurisdiction given the increase of international disputes. Furthermore the private international law has also attracted more attention from the Korean At the beginning of the new Millennium, thanks to the promulgation of the New Act, I believe that Korea has succeeded in achieving the modest goal of reflecting in the its codification substantial parts of the major developments of the private international law which the leading advanced continental European countries had achieved during the last century. The New Act has followed the approach of the traditional conflict of laws of the European continent. It is a product of the efforts to eliminate the then existing problems of the Prior Old Act and to adapt the Korean private international law regime to the standard of international conventions and national laws of advanced countries. Unlike the Prior Old Act which was heavily dependent upon the prior Japanese PIL and the prior German PIL, the New Act has been prepared by taking into full account the Rome Convention, the Swiss PIL, the new German PIL which took effect in 1986 and various conventions adopted by the Hague Conference. Therefore, the New Act has substantially reduced dependence upon the Japanese PIL and the German PIL, and has gained relatively greater universal validity. The fact that the New Act expressly declares that the determination of international jurisdiction is a matter of conflict of laws is a clear sign that it has departed from the German tradition which confines the conflict of laws principles to choice of laws rules, and moved toward a broader and more practical approach widely accepted in the area of conflict of laws. It is hoped, and I am personally confident, that the New Act will be able to achieve its intended objectives in the 21st century as the basic law for the ever-increasing legal relationships with a foreign element.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.38
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• pp.245-275
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• 2007

This study analyzes interactivity between formal policy and informal trade practices at outside production market of broadcasting production environment in Korea. For this, this study raises three topics. First, the trait of historical context of policy making at outside broadcasting production policy: Second, the trait and meaning of path dependency behavior in the process of trade practices between over-the-air TV Organization and independent production companies : Three, the meaning of interactivity between formal policy and informal trade practices at outside broadcasting production market. Major findings of this study are : the trait of policy making was concentrated on the quantitative rates of the outside production program. And, the trait of trade practices was unfair rivalry in accordance with the custom of insider dealing. The chief cause of the conflict structure of outside broadcasting production market is lacked in policy complement at the qualitative dimension.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.127-138
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• 2020

This study examines dispute resolution patterns which Vietnamese and Cambodian marriage-immigrant women have utilized in their lives of South Korea. We implement two independent studies using quantitative and qualitative study based on interview method. Our findings show that first, most of marriage immigrant women from Vietnam and Cambodia adopt conflict avoidance method to resolve their disputes. Second, most of respondents tend to consult with people from mother countries in dispute resolution. Third, multi-cultural family support center may play an important role for consulting disputes of cross-border marriage women.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 1997

This paper presents a new economic load dispatch considering atmospheric emissions such as NOx and SO$_2$caused by the operation of fossil-fueled thermal generation in power systems. The proposed method is described for scheduling their output of thermal power units so as to comply with total emission constraint, area emission constraint and the both of those constraints. Also, by using a trade-off curve, representing all dispatch alternatives and conflict between the emission and the fuel cost, the sensitivity analysis of the emission and the fuel cost is applied to this algorithm. By the way, this proposed method is analyzed how dispatch changes as a function of the total environmental cost, and as a function of the relative weighting of individual environmental insults, e.g, NOx and SO$_2$. By applying the proposed method to the system, the usefulness of this method is verified.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2017

Purpose - The world economy is changing with FTA. Lots of FTAs are going on between countries and economic blocs in the world economy as the battle field of FTA. This study is aims to suggest a practical data about Korea-China FTA by analyzing an economic ripple effect and main issues on Korea-China FTA negotiation. Research design, data, and methodology - This study analyzes the economic impact and major issues expected during the promotion period of Korea-China FTA, and promoted the purpose of this research with literature review and comparative analysis. Result - FTA agreement with China is expected to contribute to Korean economic growth by bringing effectiveness of securing and resolving mutual trade conflict, and one-sided trade protection control of Chinese domestic demand market. The potentiality between United States and Korea is also very important issue. Conclusions - To minimize the adverse effects of FTA and to maximize the positive effects on the logistics industry, the Correspondence strategy is suggested based on the effects of FTA after analyzing the entire situation of the logistics. Especially, this article places emphasis on a close cooperation system between the government agencies to get a good conclusion from the negotiation even if the e-Commerce issue to be a critical point under Korea-China FTA.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.61-81
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• 2020

Purpose - This paper examines how the consumer animosity of partner country influences the purchase of foreign products. We analyzed news sentiment to determine whether Chinese consumer's animosity affect the purchase of the products made in Korea around the time when the U.S. Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile system was deployed in South Korea. Design/methodology - To measure the tone of Chinese consumer animosity more carefully, we utilized a text mining technique of the Chinese language to read the public's opinion. Using Chinese news paper's editorials of 2015.1-2018.10, we analyzed the sentiment toward Korea and regressed it with Korean export to China. Findings - Empirical results report that Chinese consumers tended to reduce their purchase of consumer goods from Korea when the animosity increased, that is, the sentiments of Chinese news editorials were negative. In contrast, the animosity did not affect the purchase of Korean intermediates or raw materials. We further analyzed the effect by dividing the animosity into three categories; politics, economics, and culture. Among these groups, political news exhibits a unique effect on Chinese purchase on consumer goods from Korea. Originality/value - Existing literature on animosity models has measured the animosity by collecting the consumers' opinions through survey at a given time point, whereas it is measured by analyzing the tone of the press release by sentiment analysis during the time period around the event occurrence in this study.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.127-150
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• 2020

The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the third pandemic in history after the Hong Kong flu and swine flu. The outbreak of Corona 19 dramatically reduced exchanges between countries, while rapid contagion created a time gap in economic fluctuations by country. In January 2020, the trade dispute between the US and China entered into a consensus phase, but the economic decoupling phenomenon caused by Corona 19 made it difficult for China to balance trade with the US and made it difficult to comply with the terms of the trade dispute agreement between the US and China. President Trump attributed the responsibility for the spread of Corona 19 to China, and pointed out that the cause of the economic downturn was the infringement of Chinese trade secrets and illegal copies, and protectionism arose. As a result, China protested fiercely, and the conflict with the United States deepened. The US has declared trade sanctions on Huawei and SMIC, which are key companies in China's semiconductor industry, and is predicting the risk of a disconnection of the semiconductor value chain between the US and China. The separation of the value chain of the semiconductor industry has the potential to have a big impact on the semiconductor industry, a structure that is highly specialized and monopolized by certain countries and companies in the value chain. This paper aims to deal with the risk of disconnection in the semiconductor value chain between the US and China reignited by Corona 19, the impact and change of the global semiconductor industry value chain, and the response strategies of Korean semiconductor companies.