• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.14-18
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• 2015

Toughened glass is known to have about four times larger external impact resistance than that of original glass. This study is aimed to verify that ceramic-printed toughened glass does not meet of GTR(Global Technical Regulations) No. 6 and its strength is lower than that of original glass through tests. The tests were conducted on the test pieces of original glass, toughened glass, and ceramic-printed toughened glass from five glass manufacturers. In Test 1, a 227g steel ball was dropped from a height of 2 meters, and damage was checked according to the test method of GTR No. 6. In Test 2, a steel ball was freely dropped from different heights and limited damage height was determined. In the result of Test 1 according to the test method of GTR No. 6, while all five test pieces of toughened glasses were not damaged, all the ceramic-printed toughened glass from the five manufacturers were damaged. In the result of Test 2, none of the five test pieces of toughened glass were damaged by a 10m ball drop, meanwhile, the original glasses were damaged by an average of 3m ball drop. And the results of the tests show that the ceramic-printed toughened glass does not have the features of toughened glass due to its very low strength. Therefore, this study contributes to the safety of consumers by considering the GTR No. 6, and by revising the toughened glass test method.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.1398-1406
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• 2008

This paper describes the electrical breakdown characteristics of broken toughened glass stem insulators by comparing with those of sound ones. The broken toughened glass stem insulators were taken from the electric railway field. According to the international standards, the sound and broken toughened glass stem insulators were tested in electrical strength. In the test, the power frequency voltage and the impulse voltage with a standard waveform were applied to the insulators. The power frequency voltage tests were carried out under both dry and wet condition and the impulse voltage tests under only dry condition. The acquired results were compared one another and discussed in electrical breakdown characteristic by analyzing the flashover progress pictures. As a result, the electrical strength of the broken toughened glass insulators was acquired and the processes of the surface breakdown on the toughened glass insulators were confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2013

In this study, we assessed the hydrophilic characteristics of the surface of toughened glass used in smartphones by investigating the optical properties and contact angle characteristics of the plasma device. In this study, the characteristics were different depending on the partial pressure of the gas, input voltage, and degree of ionization of argon gas. In this study, the surface of the toughened glass became more hydrophilic, as indicated by contact angle and light spectrum, after plasma treatment than before the treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.263-263
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• 2008

This paper describes the electrical strength of a toughened glass stem insulators employed for electric railways. The broken glass stem insulators for comparison were taken at site. According to the international standards, electrical strength tests with 60[Hz] voltage and with impulse voltage were carried out to them under dry and wet condition and the results were corrected by considering the temperature and humidity factors. Based on the experimental results, the electrical strength of broken glass stem insulators was compared with those of sound ones and surface flashover characteristics were also discussed. As a result, it was confirmed that the electrical discharge is formed by bridging each end of the insulator shell. The experimental results are expected to be utilized as data for electrically identifying the failure causes of glass insulators.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1201-1202
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• 2008

This paper describes what causes the breakage of the toughened glass stem insulators. Several plausible hypotheses were proposed by surveying the field, hearing evidence, analyzing the broken specimens, etc. The hypotheses were classified into a couple of patterns and the hypotheses were selected and listed in order of the possibility. As a result, the most convincing cause of the breakage was the resonance of the vibrations incoming from the H-frame side and the feeder side. In addition, the collision of ballasts and the impurities in the toughened glass could be also the causes.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2009

The operation of KTX in Korea has launched since 2004, which brought about a great change in railroad industry. We have acquired lots of great know-hows, especially in railroad construction and operation field. Therefore, we have been building up numerous operation skills until now. However, it was necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment because the high speed train system were totally imported. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, it was totally new type in domestic. This paper introduces estimation method and result in three different field aspect, such as an electrical field, a physical field, and environmental circumstances. First, in case of an electrical field, amplitude and a number of time for switching surge voltage data were collected. Second, in case of a physical field, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator were examined. Finally, in case of environmental circumstances, flying possibility of gravel and ice clod were investigated. Also shrink and expend characteristic according to temperature were reviewed. Through this basic data, suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic high speed railway have been accumulated and estimated.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2008.07a
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• pp.1067-1068
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• 2008

The Operation of high speed train in year 2004 bring about a great change in railroad industry. Especially in railroad construction field we have acquired great Know-how. And up to now we are building up operation skills. But the high speed train system are totally imported, so it is necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, we don't have any application case in domestic and limited in abroad. So there must be some characteristic estimation. The estimation was made in three different ways. First electrical field cause, Second physical field cause and finally in circumstance cause. In Electrical field cause, amplitude and number of time for abnormal peak voltage data are collected. And in physical field cause, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator are examined. And I circumstance cause, possibility of flying gravel and ice clod are investigated. Through this basic data suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic will be accumulated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.423-427
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• 2008

The Operation of high speed train in year 2004 bring about a great change in railroad industry. Especially in railroad construction field we have acquired great Know-how. And up to now we are building up operation skills. But the high speed train system are totally imported, so it is necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, we don't have any application case in domestic and limited in abroad. So there must be some characteristic estimation. The estimation was made in three different ways. First electrical field cause, Second physical field cause and finally in circumstance cause. In Electrical field cause, amplitude and number of time for abnormal peak voltage data are collected. And in physical field cause, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator are examined. And I circumstance cause, possibility of flying gravel and ice clod are investigated. Through this basic data suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic will be accumulated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.140-143
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• 2008

The Operation of high speed train in year 2004 bring about a great change in railroad industry. Especially in railroad construction field we have acquired great Know-how. And up to now we are building up operation skills. But the high speed train system are totally imported, so it is necessary to investigate some of the equipment based on our own environment. In case of Toughened Glass Stem Insulator, we don't have any application case in domestic and limited in abroad. So there must be some characteristic estimation. This paper introduces estimation methode in three different field. First electrical field, Second physical field and finally environment circumstance. In Electrical field, amplitude and number of time for abnormal peak voltage data are collected. And in physical field case, amplitude and trend of vibration in to the insulator are examined. And I circumstance case, possibility of flying gravel and ice clod are investigated. Through this basic data, suitability for Toughened Glass Stem Insulator using in domestic will be accumulated and estimated.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.20-20
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• 1997