• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

To propose the evaluation criteria of substantial sustainable low-carbon long-life housing, this study subdivided an existing planning item composed of the simple enumeration type by coding system of high/middle/low classification according to the core technology, and it was subdivided by a total 203 piece item. In other words, it subdivided 4 divisions by apartment unit, building, park and equipment, and classified elemental technology and system were divided by passive/active elemental technology and system according to the design process of long-life housing. Besides that, this paper presents the restructure results of checklist with quantitative criteria that classified by the weighting factor and compatibility between law system and current planning criteria in domestic long-life housing.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.82-88
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• 1998

The purposes of this study was : 1) to describe the theoretical background of Clean-up Time Movement managing visitors' depreciative behavior ; 2) to test the effectiveness of a mass communication program, Clean-up Time Movement in National Park. This study employed a field experimental design (Multiple time-series design) in Naejangsan National Park. This study evaluated the differential effectiveness of the self-developed Clean-up Time Movement Program to reduce littering behavior between Control groups (Those who not received Clean-up Time Program) and Treatment groups (Those who received Clean-up Time Program) by weighting trash gathered in a litter box and scattered around picnic ground. The results showed that the Clean-up Time Movement Program was more effective to reduce the total trash and the trash degree per a person in Treatment groups than Control groups. It seemed to effective in managing depreciative behavior through the mass communication program in National Park.

• 유체기계공업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 유체기계공업학회 2005년도 연구개발 발표회 논문집
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• pp.240-243
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• 2005

This study deals with the shape optimization of a wire spacer fuel assembly of Liquid Metal Reactors (LMRs). The Response Surface based optimization Method is used as an optimization technique with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer using Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model as a turbulence closure. Two design variables namely, pitch to fuel rod diameter ratio and lead length to fuel rod diameter ratio are selected. The objective function is defined as a combination of the heat transfer rate and the inverse of friction loss with a weighting factor. Three level full-factorial method is used to determine the training points. In total, nine experiments have been performed numerically and the resulting datas have been analysed for optimization study. Also, a comparison has been made between the optimized surface and the reference one in this study.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2008

This paper shows the procedure to decide an optimal design principle for improving the disassemblability with considering of disassembly conditions. On the bssis of the disassembly mechanism of products and the structure of parts and subassembly, the disassemblability is classified into four categories: graspability, accessibility, transmission of disassembly power and handling. The weighting values of the influential factors are calculated by the method of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The disassemblability is evaluated quantitatively. We established some score tables for the evaluation. Using these score tables, several principles for higher disassemblability in accordance with work conditions can be decided. An optimal design principle can be found by the comparison with the total scores of some disassembly conditions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

유비쿼터스 환경 하에서 다중 상황 기반 권유 서비스에 대한 요구가 증대하고 있다. 이러한 환경에서는 상황의 수가 증가함에 따라 권유 정보의 양이 크게 증가하게 되어 효과적인 정보 제공이 어려워진다는 문제를 가진다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 유비쿼터스 환경에서 다중 상황 적응적인 효과적인 권유 기법을 제안한다. 본 제안 기법에서는 상황별로 의미 있는 정보를 제공할 수 있도록 하기 위해 사용자들의 상황별 선호도와 행위를 권유 정보의 양을 결정하는 가중치 요소로서 사용한다. 이를 위해 권유 기법과 시나리오를 제시하고, 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법의 효과성을 실험을 통해 평가한다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.548-553
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a new swing-up control strategy for rotary inverted pendulums with restricted rotation range. The control law is derived from a Lyapunov function. The Lyapunov function is defined as the square of the sum of the absolute value of the total mechanical energy and weighted squares of the arm's angular displacement and velocity. By adjusting the weighting parameters in the Lyapunov function, we can affect the swing-up strategy such that the restriction on rotation range can be satisfied. Finally, we verify the performance of the proposed control law through simulation and experiments.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1100-1102
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• 1998

This paper presents the Two-Phase Neural Network(TPNN) to slove the Optimal Economic Environmental Dispatch problem of thermal generating units in electric power system. The TPNN, Compared with other Neural Networks, is very accurate and it takes smaller computer time for a optimization problem to converge. In this work, in order to provide useful information to the system operator, we are used the total environmental weight and relative weighting of individual insults(e.g., $SO_2$, $NO_X$ and $CO_2$) also, presented the simulation results of the dispatch changes according to the weights. The Two-Phase Neural Network is tested on a 11-unit 3-pollutant system to prove of effectiveness and applicability.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1123-1125
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• 2006

As Kyoto protocol has been effective in 2005, the reduction of $CO_2$ emission is a global urgent problem. In Korea, the $CO_2$ emission of transportation increases continuously, which can be solved partially by the use of railroad. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate exactly the $CO_2$ emission of railroad through life cycle approach. In this study, the $CO_2$ emission of electric motor unit (EMU) was evaluated with its carboy material using life cycle inventory analysis (LCIA). Among the life cycles of EMU, $CO_2$ emission was the highest in the running phase. As the total weight of EMU was lowered, $CO_2$ emission was reduced. In conclusion, the light-weighting of EMU can reduce $CO_2$ emission efficiently.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.600-607
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• 2010

2008년 동아시아 대륙에서 발생기원이 다른 먼지(황사)와 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례를 NOAA위성 RGB 합성영상과 지상 입경별 분진(TSP, $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$)의 질량농도 관측으로 분석하였다. 또한 Terra/Aqua 위성 MODIS(Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) 센서의 AOD(Aerosol Optical Depth)와 FW(Fine aerosol Weighting)를 통해 동아시아 지역에서 발생기원이 다른 대기 에어로졸의 분포와 입자 크기 특성을 분석하였다. 중국 북부와 몽골, 그리고 중국 황토고원에서 모래폭풍이 발생하여 광역적으로 이동하여 청원에 먼지입자(황사)로 영향을 주는 6 개의 사례분석을 실시하였다. 질량농도 TSP중 $PM_{10}$은 70%, $PM_{2.5}$는 16%로 조대입자(> $2.5\;{\mu}m$)의 비율이 큰 것은 사막과 반사막의 자연적 발생원에서 생성되었기 때문이다. 그러나, 모래 폭풍이 이동 과정에서 중국 동부의 산업 지역을 거쳐 유입하는 사례에서는 TSP 중 $PM_{2.5}$가 23%까지 증가하기도 했다. 중국 동부로부터 황해를 거쳐 한반도로 유입한 5개 다른 사례의 경우, TSP 중 $PM_{10}$, $PM_{2.5}$가 각각 82, 65%로 나타났다. 이와 같이 $PM_{2.5}$의 상대적 비율이 증가한 것은 인위적 오염입자의 영향 때문이다. 동아시아 지역에서 인위적 오염입자의 광역적 이동 사례에 대한 평균 AOD는 $0.42{\pm}0.17$로 황사에 의한 AOD($0.36{\pm}0.13$)와 비교하여 대기 에어로졸에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다. 특히, 중국 동부에서 황해, 한반도, 동해에 이르는 광역적 지역에 AOD값이 높게 분포했다. 인위적 오염입자의 사례는 FW가 평균 $0.63{\pm}0.16$로 모래폭풍의 이동 사례의 $0.52{\pm}0.13$ 보다 높은 값을 보였다. 이는 대기 에어로졸에 대한 인위적 미세 오염 입자의 기여도가 클 수 있음을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the effectiveness of an active noise cancellation (ANC) system in reducing the traffic noise level against frequencies from the predictive model developed by previous research. The predictive model is based on ISO 9613-2 standards using the Noble close proximity (NCPX) method and the pass-by method. This means that the use of these standards is a powerful tool for analyzing the traffic noise level because of the strengths of these methods. Traffic noise analysis was performed based on digital signal processing (DSP) for detecting traffic noise with the pass-by method at the test site. METHODS : There are several analysis methods, which are generally divided into three different types, available to evaluate traffic noise predictive models. The first method uses the classification standard of 12 vehicle types. The second method is based on a standard of four vehicle types. The third method is founded on 5 types of vehicles, which are different from the types used by the second method. This means that the second method not only consolidates 12 vehicle types into only four types, but also that the results of the noise analysis of the total traffic volume are reflected in a comparison analysis of the three types of methods. The constant percent bandwidth (CPB) analysis was used to identify the properties of different frequencies in the frequency analysis. A-weighting was applied to the DSP and to the transformation process from analog to digital signal. The root mean squared error (RMSE) was applied to compare and evaluate the predictive model results of the three analysis methods. RESULTS : The result derived from the third method, based on the classification standard of 5 vehicle types, shows the smallest values of RMSE and max and min error. However, it does not have the reduction properties of a predictive model. To evaluate the predictive model of an ANC system, a reduction analysis of the total sound pressure level (TSPL), dB(A), was conducted. As a result, the analysis based on the third method has the smallest value of RMSE and max error. The effect of traffic noise reduction was the greatest value of the types of analysis in this research. CONCLUSIONS : From the results of the error analysis, the application method for categorizing vehicle types related to the 12-vehicle classification based on previous research is appropriate to the ANC system. However, the performance of a predictive model on an ANC system is up to a value of traffic noise reduction. By the same token, the most appropriate method that influences the maximum reduction effect is found in the third method of traffic analysis. This method has a value of traffic noise reduction of 31.28 dB(A). In conclusion, research for detecting the friction noise between a tire and the road surface for the 12 vehicle types needs to be conducted to authentically demonstrate an ANC system in the Republic of Korea.