• 약학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-10
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• 1962

Total saponin and oil fraction of Polygala tenuifolia were tested for their anticholesterolemic properties by a "Three day fasting method" on rabbits. It has been reported that saponin have the anticholesterolemic activity, however this activity is not general property of all kinds of saponin. As shown in Table, Polygala saponin has not significant anticholesterolemic activity on rabbits. On administering oil fraction of Radix Polygala, serum cholesterol level in rabbits increased to 224.7% while the control group 43.2%.oup 43.2%.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

The parts of leaves, flowers and stems in ginseng were obtained for analyzing the component of saponin on 15th April, 25th April, 5th May, 25th May, which were considered as ginseng foliation stage. The total saponin content of the leaves were 97.29, 66.42, 67.61, 36.24 mg/g, respectively, in which the content of Re, $Rb_1$ and Rd were more than 2/3 amount of total saponin. Especially, the saponin content of leaves decreased according to the sequential collection days, in which the similar results were observed from the flowers and stems of ginseng. The total saponin content of the flowers and stems were 141.09,143.84,139.25,133.47 and 13.32, 9.85, 8.00, 4.65 mg/g, respectively. Among them, the content of Re, Rd and $Rb_2$ in flowers were more than 2/3 while the content of Re, $Rg_1$ and Rd in stems showed more than 9/10 amount of total saponin. The total saponin content of individual leaf were 19.46, 28.56, 58.82 and 169.24 mg/plant, 2.53, 2.76, 5.20 and 12.32 mg/plant in stems, and 14.11, 30.21, 37.60 and 73.41 mg/plant in flowers. Therefore, the total saponin content of aboveground parts in ginseng were leaves > flowers > stems.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.356-360
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• 1978

인삼추출물(人蔘抽出物)을 함유한 과자류(菓子類)의 품질관리(品質管理)를 위한 total saponin의 정량법(定量法)을 검토하기 위하여 이들 시료에 적당한 전처리를 실시한 후 Shibata법(法)으로 total saponin을 분리(分離)한 시료에 $vanillin-H_2SO_4$법(法)으로 발색하여 total saponin의 함량(含量)을 추정하는 방법(方法)과, 분리된 total saponin의 n-butanol 용액을 증발건조하여 그 무게를 측정하는 방법(方法)과 또한 분리(分離), 건조된 시료를 thinchrograph에 걸어 total saponin을 정량하는 방법(方法)들을 검토한 바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 단 이 시험(試驗)에서 시료인 과자류제품(菓子類製品)에 첨가한 인삼추출물(人蔘抽出物)을 대조구로 하여 정량(定量)하였다. (1) 본 시험(試驗)에서 시료로 사용한 과자류(菓子類)인 인삼(人蔘) jelly와 인삼(人蔘) candy는 성분상(成分上)으로 보아 당함량(糖含量)이 많은 식품(食品)이며, total saponin정량(定量)을 위한 전처리(前處理) 과정에서 대부분의 당(糖)을 제거해야 하는 어려움이 있다. 시료를 methanol로 추출(抽出)한 다음 methanol을 증발시키고 다시 이것을 냉(冷) methanol 용해시키는 방법(方法)은 당(糖)제거에 효과적이었다. (2)시료를 분리(分離)하여 80% ethanol에 녹인 용액을 $vanillin-H_2SO_4$법(法)으로 발색(發色)할 때 당(糖)이 혼재(混在)한 상태에서는 당(糖)도 $vanillin-H_2SO_4$에 의해서 같이 발색(發色)되므로 정량적(定量的)인 의미(意味)가 없다. (3) 전처리(前處理)한 시료(試料)에 대해서 Shibata법(法)으로 saponin을 분리(分離)하여 ,증발건조한 후 그 무게를 달아 정량(定量)하는 방법(方法)은 오차의 범위가 50%로 그 재현성(再現性)이 떨어지는 편이나 대체적인 경향을 알 수 있다. (4) (3)항(項)의 건조된 조(粗) total saponin을 다시 일정량(一定量)의 methanol에 용해시켜 thinchrograph를 이용(利用)하여 분석(分析)한 후 그 적분곡선의 높이를 비교한 바 대조구에 대한 오차의 범위가 27%로서 그 재현성(再現性)이 (3)항(項)의 중량법(重量法)보다는 다소 개선(改善)되는 경향이다.

• 약학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.76-89
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• 1985

The effects of ginseng saponin on the activity, phosphorylation, [$^{3}$H] ouabain binding and light scattering (disruption) of purified $Na^{+}$ ,$K^{+}$ -ATPase isolated from the outer medulla of sheep kidney were compared to those of gypsophila saponin, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), and Triton X-100 on the same parameters. $Na^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ -ATPase activity, phosphorylation, and [$^{3}H$] ouabain binding were inhibited by ginseng saponin (triol>total>diol), SDS, or Triton X-100, but increased by gypsophila saponin. Low doses of ginseng saponin (3.mu.g saponin/.mu.g protein) decreased phosphorylation sites and ouabain binding site concentration (Bmax) without any change of turnover number and affinity for ouabain binding which were decreased by high dose of ginseng saponin (over 10.mu.g saponin/.mu.g protein), SDS or Triton X-100. On the other hand, gypsophila saponin increased the affinity without any change of Bmax for ouabain binding. Inhibition of $Na^{+}$ ,$K^{+}$ -ATPase activity by ginseng saponin and SDS or Triton X-100 appeared before and after decrease in light scattering, respectively. These data suggest that ginseng saponins (total, diol, triol saponin) inhibit $Na^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ -ATPase activity by specific direct and general detergent action at low and high concentrations, respectively, and this inhibitory action of ginseng sapornin to $Na^{+}$ , $K^{+}$ -ATPase is not general action of all saponins.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.497-503
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• 1983

수광율의 차이가 인삼엽내의 saponin과 유리당함량 및 Panaxatriol(PT)/Panaxadiol(PD) 비에 미치는 영향을 구명코자 수광량이 자연광의 5, 10, 20, 30%의 수광율(LTR) 하에서 자란 4년생 인삼엽에서 이들을 조사하였던 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Ginsenoside별 함량은 PD계 사로닌에서는 -Rd가 가장 많았고, PT계 사포닌에서는 -Re, $Rg_1$, $-Rg_2$순으로 많았다. 2. Total 사포닌과 PT계 사로닌함량과 PT/PD의 비는 20% LTP까지 수광율이 많을수록 증가되다가 30% LTR에서는 약간 감소되었고, PD계 사포닌 함량은 수광율이 증가할수록 많아졌다. 3. Glucose, Fluctose 함량은 20% LTR에서 가장 많았으나 sucrose함량은 오히려 20% LTR에서 가장 적었다. 4. Total 사포닌 함량과 Glucose함량간에는 정(+)의 상관($r=0.992$^{**}$)이 인정되었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.157-164
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• 1994

인삼의 잎, 줄기, 뿌리 절편에 Agrobatriumrhizogenes(stain $A_4$를 접종하여 형질이 전환된 조직(모상근)을 유도, 배양한 후 saponin 고생산능 clones을 선발하였으며, 아울러 형질전환 여부를 dot blot hybridization 과 opine 분석으로 확인하였다. 여러 부위에서 유도된 모상근은 모두 암조건의 MS 배지에서 활발히 생장하였으며, 이들 중 HB3 clone을 이용하여 동질화딘 모상근 clon으로 배양한 후 saponin 고생산능 clon을 선발한 결과 HB2-10 clone이 최대의 생장을 보였으며 총 saponin함량은 0.55wt%로 나타났다. 그러나 총 saponin함량이 가장 높은 clone은 비교적 생장이 느린 HB3-2 clone이었으며 0.74wt%의 함량을 나타내었다. 아울러 dot blot hybridization 결과 Ri-T-DNA가 식물체의genome 내로 삽입되어 있었으며, opine확인결과 모든 모상근 clone으로부터 argropine과 mannopine이 검출되었다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1985

인삼(人蔘) saponin의 생물학적(生物學的) 활성(活性)을 조사(調査)하기 위하여 세균(細菌) v{\alpha}$-amylase의 작용(作用)에 미치는 인삼(人蔘) saponin의 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. Protopanaxadiol계(系), triol계(系) 및 total saponin 모두 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性)을 25, 12, 13%정도(程度) 촉진(促進)시켰다. Diol계(系) saponin첨가(添加)경우 $40^{\circ}C$에서 3분간(分間) 전처리(前處理)함으로서 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性)을 20%정도(程度) 촉진(促進)시켰으며 酵素(효소)의 열변성(熱變性)에 대(對)한 보호작용(保護作用)은 protopanaxariol계(系) saponin은 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5분(分)까지는 보호작용(保護作用)이 있었으나 protopanaxadiol계(系) saponin은 오히려 열실활(熱失活)을 촉진(促進)하는 경향이었다. Diol 및 triol계(系) saponin의 산가수분해물(酸加水分解物)이 ${\alpha}$-amylase의 활성(活性)을 diol 및 triol계(系) saponin보다 더 촉진(促進)시켰으며 diol, triol계(系) saponin의 첨가(添加)는 고농도(高濃度)의 기질(基質)이 존재(存在)할 때 기질저해(基質沮害)를 막아주었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.174-179
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• 1986

The thymus weight of the mouse was 54.1% in protein malnutritive diet group and 39.2% in group treated with saponin fraction of Panax ginseng in comparison to normal diet group. This decreasing effects of protein malnutritive diet and saponin fraction on the thymus weight practically disappeared after four weeks. The saponin fraction showed no effect on the spleen weight of the mouse. The supplement of the saponin fraction enhanced total peritoneal exudate cells, content of total serum protein and albumin content of the mouse, each 45, 8 and 10% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group. And these values in protein malnutritive diet group were 61.2, 83.6 and 87.0% respectively in comparision to that of normal diet group, and recovered to the level of normal diet group by the supplement of the saponin fraction. The electrophoregram of the serum protein of the mouse fed with protein malnutritive diet was different from that of the mouse fed with normal diet, but this difference practically disappeared by the supplement of the saponin fraction.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 2002년도 학술대회지
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• pp.401-415
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• 2002

Lim and his coworkers (1987; 1988; 1989) have also found that all of total Ginseng saponin, panaxadiol-and panaxatriol-type saponins cause the increased secretion of catecholamines (CA) in a $Ca^{2+}$ -dependent fashion from the isolated perfused rabbit adrenal glands through the activation of cholinergic (both nicotinic and muscarinic) receptors. These CA secretory effects are partly due to the direct action on the rabbit adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. However, the present study was designed to examine the effect of total ginseng saponin on CA secretion evoked by activation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors in the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland. Total ginseng saponin given (100 ${\mu}g$/20 min) into an adrenal vein did fail to produce alteration of spontaneous CA release from the rat adrenal medulla. Acetylcholine(5.32 mM)- and DMPP(100 ${\mu}M$, a selective nicotinic receptor agonist)-evoked CA secretory responses were reduced markedly after the pretreatment with the total ginseng saponin at a rate of 100 ${\mu}g$/6.2 ml/20 min, respectively. Pretreatment with total ginseng saponin also depressed greatly high potassium (56 mM, a membrane depolarizing agent)- and Bay-K-8644 (10 ${\mu}M$, a calcium channel activator)-induced CA secretions. Taken together, it is thought that total ginseng saponin can inhibit the releasing effect of CA evoked by nicotinic receptor stimulation from the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which seems to be associated to the direct inhibition of influx through L-type calcium channel into the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cells. It seems that there is species differences in the adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion between the rabbit and rat.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2021

Codonopsis lanceolata, called deodeok in Korean, has been verified for various effects, including anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects and insomnia improvement, and is one of the healthy foods that Koreans enjoy eating. In this study, the saponin content, lansemaside A content, and total saponin content of deodeok were analyzed using high-pressure sterilization and solid fermentation by mixed lactic acid bacteria. The antioxidant effect was compared to determine improved processing methods of deodeok. The lansemaside A content of deodeok samples depending on the preprocessing methods was analyzed: 2,594.10 mg/kg for dried deodeok, 2,100.93 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, and 1,151.31mg/kg for fermented deodeok. The total saponin content was found to be 7,209 mg/kg for dried deodeok and 8,605 mg/kg for steamed deodeok, showing a high saponin content. The total polyphenol content was highest for dried deodeok, steamed deodeok, and fermented deodeok. As for the antioxidant effect, it was analyzed that the effect of dried deodeok was the highest, followed by steamed deodeok and fermented deodeok; Dried deodeok had the highest value in total polyphenol content, not in total saponin content, which is considered to have a positive influence on its antioxidant effect. The content of lansemaside A was the highest for dried deodeok. When fermented deodeok is consumed, more beneficial effects on health can be expected by ingesting it with lactic acid bacteria cultured using saponins and polyphenols. Therefore, this study suggests the possibility of manufacturing products suitable for the needs of consumers, such as the flavor of deodeok, according to the processing methods.