• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2016

As the Enforcement Ordinance of Environmental Policy Act was revised in 2013, total organic carbon(TOC) was added as an indicative parameter for organic matter in Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Environmental Criteria. Under these imminent circumstances, a regulatory standard is needed to achieve the proposed TOC limitation control water quality from the public sewage treatment plants(PSTWs). This study purposes to present the determination method for TOC effluent limitation at the PSTWs. Therefore we investigate the TOC effluent limitation of foreign countries such as EU, Germany and USA, and analyse the effluent water qualities of PSTWs. In using these TOC data, we review apprehensively the statistics-based, the technology-based, and the region(water quality)-based determination method of TOC effluent limitation for PSTWs.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.702-709
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• 1995

Degradation Of $\kappa $-carrageenan-based film by microorganisms screened from carrageenan source and activated sludge of a carrageenan producing factory was investigated by measuring changes of pH, viscosity, total sugar and total organic carbon (TOC) of the medium containing $\kappa $-carrageenan as a carbon source. Initially fifteen strains of microorganism were isolated from carrageenan source and activated sludge and then three organisms among them were selected based on the ability of growing in the medium including 0.3% $\kappa $-carrageenan as a sole carbon source. They were identified as Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger. As indices of biodegradability Of $\kappa $-carrageenan based film, the changes of pH, viscosity, total sugar, and TOC of the carrageenan film-based medium were tested by the cultivation of single or mixed strains of the identified organisms. Mixed culture showed the highest biodegradability, which resulted in the changes of pH from 6.5 to 3.0, viscosity from 164 cps to 15.6 cps, total sugar content from 2.35 g/l to 0.53 g/l and TOC from 5721 ppm to 232 ppm after 30 days of cultivation. The biodegradability determined as the reduction rate of TOC by pure cultures of Asp. niger, E. coli, Sacch. cerevisiae and mixed culture of the three organisms were 94%, 86%, 80% and 96%, respectively.

• 약학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.157-162
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• 1978

Total organic carbon(TOC) can be determined by means of combustion and flame ionization detector. The principle of string method is that a sample acidified to pH2 and transferred into combustion tube by string is oxidized with air. Another combustion tube method is that organic compounds are oxidized in the combustion tube charged with CuO and cobalt asbestos after the acidified sample is injected directly by microsyringe. Carbon dioxide evolved was reduced under specially treated nickel catalyst and hydrogen, the methane produced was detected by flame ionization detector. Linear relationship was found between concentration and the peak height by the string method. The peak area in the case of combustion tube method is in the range of 1-200ppm. The coefficient of variation by string method was 2.3% and that by combustion tube method was 1.8%. The lower detectable limit was about 10mol. Advantages of the latter are simplicity, sensitivity and reproducibility. TOC in contineous stream can also be determined automatically by means of the string method.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2021

2021년부터 총유기탄소(TOC)가 국내 공공하수처리시설의 새로운 유기물질 기준 지표로 선정됨에 따라, 기존 유기물질 관리지표(DOC, BOD5, CODMn, CODCr)와의 상관성 분석을 통해 TOC의 적용 타당성 평가가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 500개소 공공하수처리시설을 공정 및 시설용량에 따라 구분하여 유입 및 방류수에 대한 유기물질 관리지표간의 상관성 분석을 실시하였다. 다른 유기물질 관리 지표 대비 유입수와 방류수 내 화학적 산소요구량(CODMn)와 TOC간 농도비와 결정계수(R2)는 상대적으로 높았다. 유기물질 관리지표간의 상관성 결과는 새로이 기준으로 도입된 TOC와 관련된 다양한 연구 수행에 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2006

Recently, Total Organic Carbon (TOC) which can be measured instantly can be used as an organic pollutant index instead of BOD or COD due to the diversity of pollutants and non-degradable problem. The primary purpose of the present study is to reveal the properties of time series data for TOC which have been measured by real-time monitoring in Juam Lake and, in particularly, to understand the long- and short-term characteristics with the extraction of the respective components based on the different return periods. For the purpose, we proposed Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as the methodology. The results from the DWT showed that the different components according to the respective periodicities could be extracted from the time series data for TOC and the variation of each component with respect to time could emerge from the return periods and the respective energy ratios of the decomposed components against the raw data.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2024

총 유기 탄소 (total organic carbon, TOC)는 물에 포함된 유기 탄소의 총량을 나타내며 BOD, COD와 함께 수중의 유기물질량에 대한 정량적인 지표로 활용되는 대표적인 수질 항목이다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 앙상블(ensemble) 머신러닝 알고리즘의 하나인 XGBoost (XGB)를 이용하여 TOC를 예측하는 모형을 구축하였다. 모형의 구축을 위한 독립변수로는 수온, pH, 전기전도도, 용존 산소 농도, 생물화학적 산소요구량, 화학적 산소요구량, 부유물질, 총질소, 총인 및 유량을 활용하였다. 또한 모형의 구축에 활용된 다양한 수질 항목의 영향에 대한 정량적인 분석을 위해 입력변수의 feature importance를 산정하였으며, 이를 기반으로 변수중요도에 따라 중요도가 낮은 항목을 순차적으로 제외하여 모형의 성능 변화를 분석하였다. 변수중요도가 낮은 항목을 순차적으로 제외하여 구축한 모형의 성능은 RSR (root mean squared error-observation standard deviation ratio) 0.53~0.55의 범위를 보였으며, 전체 입력변수를 적용한 모형의 RSR 값은 0.53로 가장 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 모형의 현장 적용성을 높이기 위해 현장 측정이 상대적으로 용이한 측정항목을 중심으로 모형을 구축하고 성능을 분석하였다. 분석결과 상대적으로 측정이 용이한 항목인 수온, pH, 전기전도도, 용존산소농도, 부유물질농도만으로 구축된 모형의 경우에도 RSR 값이 0.72로 분석되어 상대적으로 측정이 용이한 현장 수질측정항목만을 이용하는 경우에도 안정적인 성능의 확보가 가능할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.507-514
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• 2004

A sediment core drilled from Lake langer on King George Island was analyzed for a variety of textural md geochemical properties along with $^{14}C$ age dates. These data were combined with published records of other cores to provide a detailed history of Holocene variation of total organic carbon (TOC) contents with respect to terrestrial paleoclimate change. The lithologic contrast of the lower diamicton and upper fine-grained sediments shows the glacier activity and subsequent lake formation. Low TOC contents fluctuated during the diamicton deposition whereas the increase of TOC began with the lake formation during the postglacial period that started about 5,000 yr B.p More notable are the distinct TOC peaks that may imply enhanced primary productivity during the warm period. The uniform and low TOC contents may reflect the limited productivity during the evolution of the lake. However, the recent TOC readvance clearly indicates gradual warming on King George Island. However, the paleoclimatic signature in the terrestrial lake environment during the Holocene seems to be subtle and less distinct, compared to the marine environment.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.57-61
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• 2000

Stapylococcus auricularis was used for the simultaneous removal of phosphorus and Total Organic Carbon(TOC) in the wastewater from sewage and various industries. In this study, the characteristics of phosphorus removal was investigated with initial ratio of TOC phosphorus in the synthetic wastewater. When the synthetic wastewater containing 15mg/L of phosphorus was treated under anaerobic and conditions, phosphorus was removed completely within 6 hours of operation. And when the initial ratio of TOC to phosphorus was 30, as high as 10 times the removal rate of phosphorus by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was achieved. These results implied that a long adaptation time, one of the chief problems in biological phosphorus removal process was overcome.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2017년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.238-238
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• 2017

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.82-95
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• 2021

마산만에서 유기물의 시공간적 분포 특성을 살펴보기 위해 2015년 월별로 총 13개 정점에서 화학적산소요구량(COD)과 총유기탄소(TOC) 농도를 조사하였다. COD와 TOC 농도는 오염부하량이 증가하는 6~8월에 상대적으로 높았고, 저층보다 표층에서 약 2배 높았다. COD와 TOC 농도는 마산만의 내측 정점에서 다른 정점들에 비해 약 2배 이상 높았다. 2015년 마산만 표층에서 이론적산소 요구량(TOD)을 기준으로 COD의 산화 효율성을 추정한 결과, COD의 산화 효율은 약 23%로 낮은 수준이었다. 마산만에서 COD 측정시 낮은 산화 효율은 만 내에 분포하는 유기물 양이 과소평가 될 가능성이 있어, 유기물의 정확한 정량분석을 위해서는 COD와 TOC 분석의 병행 조사가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.