• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

Unerupted maxillary anterior teeth is not a common case, However it may present practitioners with management problem. The cause of impaction is considered to be multifactorial, and local cause is the most common. These impacted teeth require surgical intervention, removal, transplantation, or surgical exposure, with or without orthodontic traction to align the malpositioned tooth. The preferred option is surgical exposure and orthodontic correction. Surgical intervention and orthodontic correction should not be delayed to avoid unnecessary difficulties in aligning the tooth in the arch. Surgical exposure should be performed with the intent of providing sufficient attached gingiva rather than simply uncovering the crown, which results in only alveolar mucosal attachment. Attached gingiva is essential to secure the gingival tissues to the adjacent teeth at the dentogingival junction. Thus preventing loss of periodontal tissues as a result of the pull of the surrounding soft tissues and facial muscles. Labially impacted maxillary anterior teeth uncovered with an apically positioned flap technique have more un- esthetic sequelae than those uncovered with a closed-eruption technique. In the case of severly displaced impacted teeth, autotransplantation ensures preservation of the alveolar bone and will facilitate future placement of an osseointegrated implant once growth has ceased or if ankylosis/resorption of the transplant occurs.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.613-618
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• 2009

Impacted molars are not usual with the prevalence rate of less than 1%, however problems such as infraocclusion, extrusion of the opposite tooth and lack of space are caused. If molars are impacted, radiographic check-up and observations are needed as they play an important role in skeletal development and mastication. Causes of impaction are underdevelopment of roots, supernumerary teeth, cysts, odontomas, ankylosis and etc. In our first case, we present impacted molar which was surgically exposed and orthodontically traded. As the developmental state of the root was less than half at first visit, we observed until the root was 2/3 in its length and traction was carried out. The second case is orthodontic traded molar with compleate enucleation of the existing cysts. When trading impacted molars, direct bonding of attachments to the tooth and light continuous forces are recommended so as to ankylosis, external absorption and periodontal attachment loss avoid. Fixed appliances tract the teeth on arch and obtain eruption spaces without patient's cooperation. We report surgically exposed and orthodontically traded molars which resulted in good occlusion and patients satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.343-348
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• 2011

Introduction: Third molar extraction is one of the most common procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The impacted third molar causes many pathological conditions, such as pericoronitis, caries, periodontitis, resorption of adjacent teeth, and cyst or tumors associated with impacted teeth. Extraction is often considered the treatment of choice for impacted lower third molars. On the other hand, imprudent extraction of deeply impacted third molars can cause permanent complications, such as inferior alveolar nerve damage. Therefore, guidelines for the extraction of lower third molars should be set to prevent embarrassing complications. This study examined the indication and current trends of the extracted lower third molars in the dental hospital of a dental college. Materials and Methods: 557 extracted third molars were evaluated at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of Yonsei University. The chief complaint, diagnosis, age and degree of impaction were analyzed to determine the tendency for the extraction of asymptomatic lower third molars. Results: The percentage of asymptomatic third molars was 40.8%. In cases of full impacted tooth or full erupted tooth, the percentage of asymptomatic teeth was more than 50% (52.4% and 54.3, respectively). Among those partially impacted teeth, 73.1% of them showed symptoms, such as pain, tenderness and swelling. In terms of age, pericoronitis was evident at a younger age, and dental caries/periodontitis was the main cause of removal in those aged over 50. Twenty nine cases (1.6%) had teeth associated with pathological changes Conclusion: The incidence of pathological changes to the lower third molar was relatively low. Surgical extraction is recommended in cases of partially impacted teeth. In Korea, the incidence of asymptomatic third molar extraction was relatively higher than in European countries. More careful attention would be desirable to consider the risks and benefits of lower third molar extraction.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.164-171
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• 2015

This study was aimed to retrospectively evaluate the clinical findings and treatments of odontomas in the Korean demographic group. The subject of the present study included 75 odontomas in 74 patients who received treatment from Chonbuk National University Dental Hospital between April 2005 and March 2014. The average age of the subjects were 10.3 years old (range 3 - 23 years old). 42 (56.8%) males and 32 (43.2%) females were in the present study. It was found that compound odontomas were about 4 times more common than complex odontomas. Odontomas equally occurred in both maxillary and mandible. The impaction of permanent teeth (73.3%) was the most common complication of odontomas on adjacent teeth. Most odontomas (96.0%) were surgically removed either to induce spontaneous eruption or to guide orthodontically to occlusion. When the impacted tooth could not be naturally or forcefully erupted to occlusion, it was extracted. Early detection and treatment of odontomas would increase the possible preservation of the impacted tooth by eliminating the source of disturbance. Therefore, this study recommends that periodic radiographic examination from birth until the eruption of the permanent third molar to prevent possible hindrance to the teeth eruption.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.370-375
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• 1999

To evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic administration in the impacted mandibular third molar extraction the author investigated 107 patients requiring extraction of the lower third molar who visited at the Department of oral and maxillofacial Surgery, Chosun Dental Hospital and were healthy without medical problems and had no signs and symptoms of infection around the lower third molar. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the method of antibiotics administration: 13 patients without antibiotics administration(group 1), 30 patients with only intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure(group 2), 39 patients with intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure and oral administration of follow-up dosages of $Augmentin^{(R)}$ for 1 day(group 3), and 25 patients with intravenous injection of $Cefazoline^{(R)}$ 2.0g 30 minutes before the procedure and oral administration of follow-up dosages of $Augmentin^{(R)}$ for 3 day(group 4). Infection rates after extraction were calculated and compared according to gender, the age of the patients, the level of impaction, and also compared between four groups. The results were as follows. 1. The overall infection rate was 8.4%. 2. The infection rate was higher in male(11.9%) than in female(4.2%), but there were statistically no significant differences between them. 3. Infection rate was lower in patients under age 30(7.2%) than in patients over age 30(12.5%), but there were statistically no significant between them. 4. Infection rate was higher in patients with complete bony impacted tooth(11.1%) than in patients with partial bony impacted tooth(6.5%), but there were statistically no significant differences between them. 5. Infection rate was 7.7% in group 1, 10.0% in group 2, 10.3% in group 3, 4.0% in group 4 and there were statistically no significant differences between groups. In summary, it is more important to extract the impacted lower third molar under aseptic condition and to minimize the injury of tissue if possible than to administer the preventive antibiotics in reducing the infection rate in healthy patients without medical problems who had no signs and symptoms of infection around the lower third molar.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.346-353
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anomalies in outpatient clinics. Methods: The subjects of this study were 3,133 patients who visited the clinic between January 2009 and June 2011. The dental records and panoramic films of the patients and detection of supernumerary, missing, and impacted teeth, transposition, and peg lateralis were reviewed. The results were analyzed according to gender and types and locations of dental anomalies. Results: Among the patients, 362 had dental anomalies, with a prevalence rate of 11.55%. Congenital missing teeth (5.71%) ranked first in the categories, and impacted teeth (3.09%) ranked second. The percentage of patients having supernumerary teeth, peg lateralis, and dislocated teeth were 1.79%, 1.66%, and 0.45%, respectively. Conclusions: Congenital missing teeth and impacted teeth are, respectively, the first and second most common dental anomalies in Korean dental patients.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2012

Supernumerary tooth occurs most frequently at premaxilla area. Followed by mandibular premolar area, mandibular fourth molar area, maxillary paramolar area. Mesiodens are mainly impacted in the palatal area and surgical approach is made at palatal side. The time of surgery remains controversial. In case of inverted or horizontal impacted supernumerary tooth, intraosseous tooth movement and vertical growth of premaxilla makes surgical extraction more difficult. And also the more quantity of removed bone is, the higher degree of difficulty is. Inverted mesiodens of these cases were impacted superior to apex level of adjacent permanent incisor. Although CT examination revealed exact location of impacted tooth, surgical procedure including ostectomy may take a long time more than expected. So, before surgical extraction, it's need to be considered several factors such as necessity of CT taking, degree of difficulty, direction of surgical approach, necessity of general anesthesia etc.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.51-61
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• 2001

Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies and occurs more frequently in Asian people. Dental abnormalities in number, size, shape, and eruption of teeth are frequently associated with CLP. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of CLP on number, size, shape and eruption of teeth and to provide basic clinical data for diagnosis and treatment of the CLP patients. With the orthodontic and cleft charts, diagnostic models, orthopantomograms and intraoral x-ray films from 241 CLP patients who visited Dept. of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, we evaluated the frequency of congenital missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, Impacted teeth, and microdontia. The results were as fellows ; 1. Frequency of congenital missing was relatively high up to $56.8\%$. Congenital missing occurred frequently in the maxillary lateral incisor and the maxillary second premolar. Among the CLP types, frequencies of congenital missing in cleft lip and Palate group and cleft lip and alveolus group were higher than those of cleft lip group and cleft palate group. And bilateral cleft showed higher frequencies than unilateral ones. 2. Supernumerary tooth was shown in $11.2\%$ of CLP patients. It occurred frequently in the area between the maxillary lateral Incisors and the maxillary canine. Among the CLP types, cleft lip group showed relatively most highest frequency. 3. Impaction was shown in $18.3\%$ of CLP patients. It occurred most frequently In the maxillary lateral incisor and the maxillary canine than other teeth. Among the CLP types, cleft lip group and cleft lip and palate group showed most highest frequencies. 4. Microdontia was shown in $15.8\%$ of CLP patients. It occurred the most frequently In the maxillary lateral incisors and maxillary canines. Among the CLP types, cleft lip and alveolus group and cleft lip and palate group showed relatively higher frequencies. There was no microdontia in cleft palate group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.363-372
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• 2003

Supernumerary teeth are found frequently in the dental office causing many dental complications. They are one of the many dental abnormalities that may occur during tooth development. Inversely impacted supernumerary teeth in the midpalatal area are especially important clinically because they occur with high frequency and many complications. Though many previous clinical and radiographical studies exist, the sample numbers were small and the evaluation of shape, location, and effects to its surrounding tissue may not be accurate due to the solitary use of intraoral radiographs or panoramic radiographs. Among the patients who visited department of pediatric dentistry, yonsei dental hospital, from July, 1998 to June, 2002, those with inversely impacted supernumerary teeth took computerized tomography for a more accurate diagnosis. Their dental chart, panoramic radiograph and computerized tomography were evaluated for this study. The number, form, convexity, location, distance, and complications of inversely impacted supernumerary teeth in the midpalatal area were recorded. This study show that when the supernumerary teeth is tuberculated with a curved root and is in close proximity to the adjacent teeth, it causes complications such as eruption disturbance, rotation, displacement of adjacent teeth, and diastema. Such factors must be considered in making decisions for diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.446-452
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• 1999

Ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar means the first permanent molar assumes an atypical path of eruption resulting in premature atypical resorption of the second primary molar. If the reversible eruption does not occur, early loss of the second primary molars results in space loss, mesial tipping of the first permanent molar, impaction of the second premolar, buccal segment crowding and overeruption of opposing tooth. The main objectives of treatment are (1) to prevent loss of the second deciduous molars so it can continue to serve as a space maintainer and (2) to regain lost arch length, allowing the second premolar to erupt into normal position. The optimal treatment approach depends on a number of factors including the clinical eruption status of /6/, the change in position of /6/, the amount of enamel ledge of /E/ entrapping /6/, the mobility of /E/, and the presence of pain or infection. Unilateral appliance to correct the mesial angulation of ectopic permanent first molars, as in the majority of the appliance designs, would produce a resultant force that would further enhance the space loss. A bilateral support similar to the holding arch design is recommended to maximize the anchorage. These case reports present the successful result of preserving space for the second premolar in treatment of ectopic eruption of the first permanent molar using Halterman appliance with bilateral anchorage on patients visiting department of pediatric dentistry in Samsung Medical Center.