• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.267-269
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• 1996

Morphology of two foreign species of tongue soles (Cynoglossidae), Cynogiossus browni and C. senekalensis, was observed based on specimens collected from Kunsan fish market from 1992 to 1994. These species are externally similar to Cynoglossus robustus from Korean coast. But these are quite distincitive from Cynogiossus robustus by interlinear scale rows, body size, other counts and proportional measurements of body. The Cynogfossus browni and C. senegalensis are only distributed in western coast of Africa and commercially imported to Korea through Pusan fish market.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

Objectives The purpose of this study was to survey the status of clinical use of a computerized tongue diagnosis system (CTDS) Methods We searched domestic/international articles using the CTDS from online medical databases including OASIS, NDSL and pubmed. We selected articles on clinical application or reliability of CTDS but excluded articles on mechanical design or software programming for developing a new CTDS. Finally we found 15 articles and classified the articles according to the study purpose. Results Out of the 15 articles, 8 were focused on the clinical application including halitosis, cold/heat syndrome, lung cancer, xerostomia etc. Other 5 articles were aimed at evaluating and improving reliability of CTDS. The other 2 articles were studied for development of differential diagnostic criteria on tongue coating thickness. Conclusion We found out that until now the researches on clinical application of CTDS mainly had been performed for producing a variety of CTDSs. Considering the importance of the tongue color in the traditional Korean medicine, we suggest that at first standard operating procedure for CTDS be developed and researches to develop differential diagnostic criteria on tongue body/coating color be performed and then explore its applications.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.91-107
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analyze the propensity and find out the Syndrome Differentiation of teeth-mark tongue by taking survey and body examinations with 178 male patients. 164 patients out of 178 were checked up on Heart Rate Variability (HRV), Accelerated Photoplethysmograpy (APG), Body Composition. This study was also planned to find out the distinctive characteristics of teeth-mark tongue diagnosis and compare differences between Qi-Deficiency and Accumulation of Dampness and Phlegm patients group. Methods : The questionnaire was carried out targeting 178 male with teeth-mark tongue respondents among who had Oriental Health Examination and patients from the 3rd oriental-internal medicine department in Dongeui Hospital from $1^{st}$, March 2005 to $30^{th}$, April 2010. Only 164 patients were checked on HRV, APG and Body composition examinations. Results : It showed that 86 patients had Qi-Deficiency and 78 had Dampness and Phlegm but 14 couldn't be categorized. The major symptoms of Qi-Deficiency compared to Dampness and Phlegm were 'Frequent running nose', 'Soft stool', 'Chronic fatigue', and 'Eyestrain'. On the contrary, Dampness and Phlegm's dominant symptoms were 'Chest discomfort', 'Feeling bloated', 'Back pain', 'Feeling sluggish', and 'Itchy skin'. However, all symptoms were not matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm. It also showed that teeth-mark tongue patients' frequent symptoms were 'Stuffy nose', 'Feeling bloated', 'Oliguria', 'Shoulder pain', 'Chronic fatigue' 'Eyestrain' and these symptoms were matched with the Syndrome Differentiation of Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. In the results from this study, there were no significant differences between Qi-Deficiency and Dampness and Phlegm. Conclusions : It is hard to conclude that teeth-mark tongue could be only one to diagnose Qi-Deficiency or Dampness and Phlegm with 3 examinations.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.37-39
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• 2018

Tongue osteoma is a rare disease. Clinically, it occurs mainly in the posterior part of the tongue and may cause foreign body sensation, but most of it is found incidentally without any symptom. Clear mechanisms of development have not yet been established, but many hypotheses have been proposed. Treatment is possible with surgical resection and no recurrence or malignancy has been reported. We experienced a 29 year old man with osteoma of tongue. We report this case with a review of literature.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.42-44
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• 2005

Metastatic tumors of the oral cavity are uncommon. Most of them are located in the mandible while only small percentage are found within the soft tissues. The common sites of metastases to the soft tissue of oral cavity were the tongue and gingiva and among the tongue, the base of tongue was most common. An explanation of the predilection may be due to a richer vascular supply within base of tongue. The authors have recently experienced a case of small cell lung carcinoma with base of tongue metastasis in a 81-year-old male who had foreign body sensation at swallowing and muffled voice for 2 months. So, we present this case with the review of literatures.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.322-333
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• 2019

The purpose of this thesis is to show the historical context of tongue-viscera correspondence scheme based on as wide investigation as possible. For this purpose, we collected and investigated 35 books related to tongue diagnosis. As a result, we faound the following: There were some tentative trials to associate viscera or viscera meridians with tongue areas since shown in the Effective formulae of inherited medical works (世醫得效方, 1337). The main stream of tongue-viscera correspondence scheme was the form in which the apex, the center, and the root of tongue are associated with Heart, Spleen (and Stomach), and Kidney. On the viscera correspondence to the sides of tongue, there had been two streams. The first one is originated from the Upper-most Book on Shanghan (傷寒第一書, 1780), in which the sides of tongue are assumed to be associated with Liver and Gall-bladder. The second one is originated from the Ikeda Family's Chant on the Tongue (池田家舌函口訣, 1807), in which the left side and the right side of tongue are assumed to be associated with Liver and Lung separately. The former type have been accepted as the standard form in modern traditional Asian medicine education. In addition to the above types, three other correspondence schemes were also existed, but have disappeared now. These days, some new correspondence schemes are being suggested based on new approaches.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1109-1117
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• 2023

Tongue acupuncture is not only a body acupuncture treatment for the tongue but also a new microacupuncture treatment. Tongue acupuncture is a very promising treatment from a diagnostic and therapeutic point of view. According to several studies, Guan's tongue acupuncture and tri-tongue acupuncture are frequently used. Tongue acupuncture can be used for dysphagia, dysarthria, aphasia, insomnia, autism spectrum disorder, burning mouth syndrome, and cerebral palsy.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.156-175
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• 2007

1. Objectives and Methods This study was performed to know the relationship between Sasang Constitution and characteristics of ordinary symptoms, inspection diagnosis of face and tongue. There were 666 participants(280 men and 386 women) who answered Sasang Constitutional Checkup list and were taken pictures of faces and tongues. Sasang Constitution was diagnosed by only PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution). Distribution of Sasang Constitution and X2 test, kappa value for agreement were calculated using SPSS 10.0. 2. Results From characteristics of ordinary symptoms' point of view, Taeeumin had loud voices, big body shapes and easily sweated themselves. They felt good after sweating and had warm hands and feet. And their upper back, shoulders and chest were, they thought, well developed. They were apt to have meals quickly and overeat themselves. Soyangin and Soeumin had thin body shapes and were difficult to sweat themselves and felt powerless after sweating. They had cold hands and feet. Especially, Soeumin was apt to have meals slowly and a little amounts. They walked so fast. Soyangin was introvert and had developed their abdomen and waist. 'Looking heavy and steady' was higher in Taeeumin, 'delicate and modest' was higher in Soeumin(42.8%) and Soyangin(36.1 %) in first impression. It was thought to be difficult to discriminate Soyangin from Soeumin in first impression and make a notion of right Soyangin's first impression. Soyangin had pinky tongue color and little tongue fur whereas Soeumin had red tongue color and whitish tongue fur. Taeeumin had whitish tongue fur too. 3. Conclusions To diagnose Sasang Constitution much effectively, PSSC results and comprehensive Sasang Constitutional Checkup list extracted from effective Questionnaire items and Face and Tongue Inspection Diagnosis are thought to be needed.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.47-50
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• 2016

Angiokeratomas represent vascular lesions and are histologically characterized by superficial dermal vascular ectasia with overlying epidermal hyperkeratosis. Angiokeratoma circumscriptum is one of five types in the group of the angiokeratomas. The lesion is present from birth but may appear in childhood or adulthood. Angiokeratoma circumscriptum is typically hyperkeratotic papules or nodules situated unilaterally on the foot or distal aspect of the leg, but can occur elsewhere on the body. Isolated tongue involvement is very rare. We report a 12-year-old boy with angiokeratoma circumscriptum of the posterior dorsal tongue with a review of the literatures.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.522-532
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• 2011

In Oriental medicine, the status of a tongue is the important indicator to diagnose the condition of internal organs in a body. A tongue diagnosis is not only convenient but also non-invasive, and therefore widely used in Oriental medicine. But tongue diagnosis has some problems that should be objective and standardized, it also exhaust the diagnosis tool that can help for oriental medicine doctor's decision-making. In this paper, to solve the this problem we propose a method that calculates the tongue geometry information for effective tongue diagnosis analysis. Our method is to extract the tongue region for using improved snake algorithm, and calculates the geometry information by using convex hull and In-painting. In experiment, our method has stable performance as 7.2% by tooth plate and 8.5% by crack in region difference ratio.