• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.172-180
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• 2013

Grey mold infection rate in tomato was investigated with the inoculation of dead flowers on Botrytis selective media. The grey mold infection rate of flower after fruiting were higher in the order of after 45 days, after 25 days, and fruiting day with 100%, 87% and 65%, respectively. The number of infected flowers were increased with time increase after the flowering before fruiting. BSM (Botrytis selective medium) was used to check grey mold infection rate depending on the flowering stage and cultivar. Grey mold infection rate depending on the flowering stage was similar in all the beef-tomato cultivar as 1.5~5% at preflowering, 1.5~45% at flowering and 75~90% at fruiting. On the other hand, cherry tomato cultivar "KoKo" had lower infection rates of 0~3.5% at pre-flowering, 10~30% at flowering and 20~50% at fruiting. These resulted from the fact that beaf-tomato cultivar have much bigger flowers and larger amount of pollens compared to those of cherry tomato cultivar. The amounts of falling pollens of Botrytis spp. were checked for beaf-tomato cultivar and cherry tomato cultivar using BSTM. The amounts of falling pollens were increased as growth period was extended, and the amount of spores increased rapidly during the outbreak of grey mold. Twelve field trials in Buyeo and Iksan areas showed that Fluazinam, and Diethofencarb+Carbendazim were effective fungicides to control tomato grey mold, and these results were similar to those of field trials with BSTM. This is the first report of Fluazinam as a effective fungicide for the control of grey mold of tomato even though it has not been registered yet for the control of gray mold in tomato.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 2010

Thirty-two tomato cultivars, eleven cherry tomato cultivars and eight rootstock tomato cultivars were inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita, to evaluate tomato cultivars for resistance against root-knot nematodes. One tomato cultivar, Homerunking was proved to be resistant while eight cultivars such as Regendsummer, Regend, Sunmyung, Pinktop, Top3, Delice, Tasha and Lilyance were moderately resistant to the root-knot nematodes. Five cherry tomato cultivars (Tenten, Desert, Redstar, Veryking and Arigatto) showed moderate resistance and one cultivar (Redcherry) was resistant to root-knot nematodes. In eight rootstock tomato cultivars, two cultivars (Bukinghagae, Special) were resistant and five cultivars (B-blocking, Solution, Dongbanja and Greenpower) were moderate.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2011

Cultivated tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum, is a very important crop. We selected 36 cultivars and studied them for identification and polymorphism by employing random amplified DNA (RAPD) analysis with 80 oligonucleotide primers. Of the 80 primers, 36 primers (45.0%) were polymorphic. Detection of polymorphism in cultivated tomato opens up the possibility of development of its molecular map by judicious selection of genotypes. Molecular markers can also be used for cultivar identification and protection of the plant breeder's intellectual property rights (plant breeders' rights, PBRs). As an example, DNA polymorphism using OPC-13 primer that did not produce the OPC-13-01 band was only found in Junk Pink and Ailsa Craighp cultivars. OPA-12-03 and OPB-15-07 were fragments specific to the TK-70 cultivar and were absent in other cultivars. DNA polymorphism in cultivated tomato in this study was correlated with a type of inflorescence, although some cultivars had exceptions. These approaches will be useful for developing marker-assisted selection tools for genetic enhancement of the tomato plant for desirable traits.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.263-272
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• 2011

For tomatoes containing valuable nutrients and biological active substances, this study examined differences in the ascorbic acid, lycopene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and ${\alpha}$-carotene contents in processed tomato products according to tomato cultivar and the part of fully ripened tomatoes. According to the results, the ascorbic acid content was different among tomato cultivars, and it was far higher in jelly than in pulp among the parts of tomatoes. The ascorbic acid content in processed tomato products was higher in tomato juice than in other types of tomato products, but the difference was mainly from various additives used in addition to tomatoes; therefore, it was somewhat unreasonable to compare the ascorbic acid content among the products. It was found that the lycopene content was not significantly different between pulp and jelly in each cultivar. In most of the cultivars, the ${\beta}$-carotene content was not significantly different according to the parts, but in cultivar yeoyong, the content was 2.7 times higher in jelly than in pulp. The ${\alpha}$-carotene content was highest in both pulp and jelly for all the cultivar, and the lycopene and ${\beta}$-carotene contents were lowest regardless of parts for cultivar Yellow Carol. ${\alpha}$ carotene was not detected in either pulp or jelly. The lycopene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and ${\alpha}$-carotene contents showed significant difference among processed tomato products, and the difference came mainly from the type of processing and additives. Tomatoes have superior characteristics, but they are usually consumed uncooked in Korea. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the various forms of consumption of tomatoes, that is, the development of various nutritionally excellent cooking methods using processed tomato products.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.627-637
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• 2010

The consumption of tomato has greatly increased recently in Korea, and a large number of tomato cultivars are commercially available in the market. However, identification of tomato cultivars by morphological traits is extremely difficult because of the narrow genetic diversity of breeding lines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop molecular markers for cultivar identification in tomato. In this study, we surveyed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and developed SNP marker sets for tomato cultivar identification. SNP markers were developed based on conserved ortholog set II (COSII) and intron-based markers derived from pepper EST sequences, and marker polymorphism was tested using high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis. A total of 628 primer sets was tested, and 417 primer sets amplifying single bands were selected. Of the 417 primer sets, 70 primer sets showing HRM polymorphism among 4 inbred lines were selected. Eleven markers were selected from the 70 primer sets and subjected to cultivar identification analysis. Thirty two commercial tomato cultivars were successfully identified using the marker set.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.655-668
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• 2012

Foliar diseases are major constraints to profitable organic tomato production. Especially, powdery mildew, leaf mold and gray mold of tomato occur severely on organic cultured tomatoes in Korea. This study was conducted to develop organic tomato cultivation technology using environmental-friendly disease control methods (resistance cultivar planting, air circulation fan installation, oil-egg yolk mixtures, and microbial agents). When tomatoes were cultivated in plastic film house installed with air circulation fan, daily range of temperature was decreased by $2{\sim}7^{\circ}C$, average relative humidity was decreased by 1~5% compared to those in plastic house without air circulation fan. Consequently, incidence of tomato leaf mold and tomato gray mold was reduced by 55.0% and 24.4%, respectively. Control effect of microbial agents and oil-egg yolk mixtures against major tomato diseases was examined in plastic house. As a result, the control value of microbial agents against tomato gray mold and tomato leaf mold showed at the range of 49.0~55.9 %(gray mold) and 39.2~58.2%(leaf mold), respectively. The control value of oilegg yolk mixtures against tomato powdery mildew showed 97.6%. Fifteen tomato cultivars were evaluated for disease resistance against leaf mold and powdery mildew in organically cultivated tomato field. Among 15 tomato cultivars, seven cultivars including 'Super-top' were found to be high resistant to tomato leaf mold. Also 'Powerking', one of fifteen tomato cultivars, showed to be high resistant to tomato powdery mildew.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 1999

Tomato (Lycopericum esculentum $M_{ILL}$ cv. Seokwang and cv. Housemomotaro) seeds were irradiated with the doses of $1{\sim}20$ Gy from $^{60}Co$ $\gamma$-ray source to investigate the effect of the low dose $\gamma$-ray radiation on the early growth and resistance to subsequent high dose of radiation. Germination rate of seeds irradiated with low dose $\gamma$-ray was enhanced in Seokwang cultivar but not in Housemomotaro cultivar. Seedling height increased in 4 Gy and 8 Gy irradiation group of both cultivars. Plant height of Seokwang cultivar was depressed in low dose irradiation group but fresh weight was increased in 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation group. In Housemomotaro cultivar, plant height increased in 12 Gy and 20 Gy irradiation group and fresh weight increased in 4 Gy and 20 Gy irradiation group. Growth inhibition of tomato plants by high dose radiation was noticeably reduced by pre-irradiation of low dose radiation. Resistance to subsequent high dose of radiation was enhanced in 2 Gy and 8 Gy Irradiation group of Seokwang cultivar and in 2 Gy and 12 Gy irradiation group of Housemomotaro cultivar.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.740-747
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• 2013

Leaf mold symptoms were found on commercial tomato cultivars carrying the Cf-9, a resistance gene to leaf mold pathogen Fulvia fulva in 2012 at Buyeo, Chungnam in Korea. Fifteen-fungal isolates were obtained from four Cf-9 cultivars of tomato including 'Cutie', 'otaerangdia', 'Unicorn' and 'Rapito'. Due to their same morphological appearances and colony color, nine isolates were selected and identified as F. fulva based on molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA sequence. Pathogenicity of the 15 isolates on five commercial cultivars carrying Cf-4, Cf-5, and Cf-9 were tested. All the isolates showed strong pathogenicity on Cf-9 cultivars, 'Cutie' and 'Dotaerangdia', and Cf-5 cultivar, 'Yoyocaptain'. In contrast, on Cf-4 cultivar, 'Superdotaerang', five isolates were virulent and the other isolates were not. In addition, two fungal isolates, infecting Cf-9 cultivar and non-infecting Cf-4 cultivar, were selected and their pathogenicity was tested on 17 commercial cultivars reported as tomato having Cf-9 resistance gene. Among them, 15 cultivars were susceptible and 2 cultivars were resistant. It is likely that the two cultivars include other resistance gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of Cf-9 infecting F. fulfva strains in Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2016

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a viral disease causing severe economic losses on tomato. Practical prevention of the TYLCV disease is to control tabacco whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) or to cultivate TYLCV-resistant tomato cultivars, because no agrochemical products are available to control TYLCV. In this study, TYLCV resistance of the commercial tomato cultivars were evaluated using the DNA markers tightly linked to TYLCV resistance genes Ty-1 and Ty-3 and infection with the TYLCV clones mediated by Agrobacterium. In marker genotyping, resistance alleles were detected from 4 oval type tomato cultivars (Titichal, TY tinny, TY saengsaeng II, TY sense Q). Four cheery type cultiavrs (TY endorphin, TY smartsama, Tiara TY, Olleh TY) and 6 round type cultivars (TY kingdom, TY ace, TY homerun, TY altorang, Dotaerang TY winner, Styx TY). The seedling bioassay indicated that tomato cultivars of the oval type and cherry type showed consistancy in marker genotype and phenotype while slight disease symptom was observed from some round type cultivras (TY ace, TY homerun, Styx TY) with resistance marker genotype. For fruit yields, TY tinny was greater than its control cultivar Titichal in oval types, TY smartsama was greater than its control Smile in cherry type, and TY ace and TY kingdom were greater than their control Dabok. These cutliavrs can be a good choice for high-yielding TYLCV-resistant tomato cultivars.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.115-127
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• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of the Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomatoes as a functional food and food material by measuring the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, anti-oxidative and anticancer activity. The contents of polyphenol and flavonoid were $12.28{\pm}1.78mg$ and $3.89{\pm}0.54mg$ per one g of dried cherry tomatoes respectively. The anti-oxidative activity of the cherry tomato was verified by measuring ${\alpha}$-${\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (DSA), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity (ASA) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). 50% of radical scavenging concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of DSA and ASA were $328.64{\pm}4.190{\mu}g/mL$ and $350.61{\pm}3.300{\mu}g/mL$ respectively. FRAP value was $26.92{\pm}0.68{\mu}mol$ $Fe^{2+}/g$. The effects of the cherry tomato extract on the growth of a normal lung cell (Hel299), lung cancer cell (A549), cervical cancer cell (HeLa) and a liver cancer cell (HepG2) were investigated using MTT assay. The cherry tomato extract showed a significantly strong growth inhibition effects against A549 cell and $IC_{50}$ was $375.46{\pm}33.670{\mu}g/mL$. The extract also inhibited growths of HeLa and HepG2 cells weakly. In this study we found that Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomato had anti-oxidative activity and strong inhibition effect against lung cancer cells. These results indicate that the Lycopene cultivar of cherry tomato would be a functional food and food material.