• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1997

The effects of diet induced hyperlipidemia on kidney function were studied in Sprague-Dawley rats fed high fat diet containing 20% beef tallow and high cholesterol diet containing 5% cholesterol for 8, 12, 16 weeks, respectively. The concentrations of serum total lipid, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were significantly high cholesterol diet groups during all experimental periods (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol concentration was the lowest value in high cholesterol diet group of 16 weeks(p<0.05). Triglyceride concentration was not affected by experimental diets. Serum total protein, albumin and creatinine concentration tended to higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in high fat diet groups. And serum urea-N concentration was higher in high fat diet group of 16 weeks than that in other diet groups. Urinary total protein and urea-N were higher in high cholesterol diet groups than those in other diet groups regardless of experimental period period. There was no significant difference in urinary creatinine concentratin among diet groups(p<0.05). GFR was lower in high cholesterol diet groups than that in high fat diet groups at 8, 16 weeks, respectively. Wet weight per body weight, total lipid, triglyceride, total cholesterol concentations of liver tissue were apparently high in high cholesterol diet groups(p<0.05). Kidney wet weight per body weight wer not affected by experimently diets, total lipid concentration of kidney tissue was significantly high in high fat diet groups of 12 weeks(p<0.05), kidney tissue triglyceride concentrations of high cholesterol diet groups of 12, 16 weeks apparently low, and total cholesterol concentration of kidney tissue was higher in experimental diet groups than that of control groups at 12, 16 weeks(p<0.05). Fecal excretion, total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations of feces were markedly high in all high cholesterol diet groups except high fat diet group of 16 weeks. The results of light microscopic examination indicated that glomerulosclerosis was not obsrved in rats fed experimental diets.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.30-46
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Gambi-bang 4 (GBB4) on obesity-induced mice. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with Reductil, high fat diet with GBB4 extract) and fed for 8 weeks. We observed body weight change, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, serum leptin level, expression of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and adipose tissue, and histological changes of adipose tissue and liver cells. Results: 1. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was significantly lower in body weight, weight of adipocytes, and amount of glucose. 2. The GBB4 group was significantly lower in the amount of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, and HDL-cholesterol compared with the control. 3. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was significantly lower in the amount of serum leptin. 4. The GBB4 group was significantly higher in the revelation of ${\beta}3AR$ and leptin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and primary adipose cells compared with the control. 5. Compared with the control group, the GBB4 group was smaller in the size of adipocytes in adipose tissue and the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue were decreased. Conclusions: These results suggested that GBB4 has inhibitory effects on obesity. GBB4 might be applied in treatment of obesity, so further studies analyzing its effects are needed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2007

The effect of water flow on the growth of Gafrarium tumidum was studied in the field using open cages constructed with stainless steel net and perspex in which holes were drilled. Cages with different flows (25, 50 and 75% of the control) were made by varying the area of perspex being drilled. Reduction in flow rate was directly proportional to the undrilled area, and the mean flow rate of the different treatment groups varied from 3.12 cm/s for the 25% exposure to 12.48 cm/s for the control cages. At the end of the 3-month experiment, no significant differences in sediment characteristics were found among the treatments. Growth in shell length, shell weight and tissue dry weight was, however, positively correlated with flow rate. Percentage increases ranged from $3.0{\sim}8.3%$ for shell length, $9.9{\sim}23.1%$ for shell weight and $17.2{\sim}53.3%$ for tissue dry weight. Condition index of the clam was not significantly different among the treatments. Seston depletion effect could reduce growth in G. tumidum only when water flow was reduced to 25% of the control. G. tumidum also exhibited different responses in shell and tissue growth at low flow rates, in which shell growth continued to decrease as flow rate decreased whereas tissue growth was relatively independent of low flows at 25 and 50% of the control. It was suggested that when seston flux was reduced at slow flows, it would be a better strategy for G. tumidum to channel energy for gonad development instead of shell growth during the reproductive stage.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.33-46
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• 2023

Objectives We investigated anti-obesity effects of Menthae Herba hydrosol in obese mice. Methods Animals were divided into four groups, and treatments were performed for 7 weeks. After the treatment, serum lipid profiles, weight and pathological morphology in liver, kidney, adipose tissue were measured. Also, hepatic protein and gene expression levels of lipid metabolism-related factors were analyzed. Results Body weight was decreased in P3% group. In P1% (group fed high-fat diet and 1% Menthae Herba hydrosol) and P3% (group fed high-fat diet and 3% Menthae Herba hydrosol) group, weight of white adipose tissue, serum levels of triglyceride and blood urea nitrogen were decreased, and weight of muscle was increased. Also, liver, kidney and epididymal adipocyte size were reduced in P1% and P3% group. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase was increased and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) was decreased in P3% group. mPeroxisome proliferator-activator receptor-γ, mMonocyte chemotactic protein-1 were decreased in P1% and P3% group. In P3% group, mSREBP-1c was decreased and mCarnitine palmitoyl transferase-1 was increased. And mUncoupling protein 1 in brown adipose tissue was increased. Conclusions These results suggest that Menthae Herba hydrosol has a worthy effect on anti-obesity.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.385-397
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• 2020

본 연구는 수영운동이 백색지방조직의 혈관신생을 조절함으로써 비만을 개선하는지를 조사하였다. 고지방식이를 섭취한 암컷 쥐는 모의 수술 군(Sham), 난소절제 수술 군(OVX) 및 수영운동을 실시한 난소절제 군(OVX + Swim)으로 나뉘었다. Sham에 비해 OVX는 몸무게, 지방조직무게 및 지방세포의 크기가 증가 되었다. 그러나 OVX + Swim의 이러한 요소들(: 몸무게, 지방조직무게 및 지방세포의 크기)은 OVX에 비해 감소 되었다. Sham에 비해 OVX는 백색지방조직에서 혈관신생 촉진인자와 MMPs의 유전자 발현이 증가하였고, 혈관신생 억제인자들의 유전자 발현은 감소하였다. 그러나 OVX + Swim은 OVX에 비해 백색지방조직에서 혈관신생 촉진인자와 MMPs의 유전자 발현이 감소하였고, 혈관신생 억제인자들의 유전자 발현은 증가하였다. 이러한 연구결과들은 고지방식이를 섭취한 난소절제 암컷 쥐에서 수영운동이 백색지방조직의 혈관신생을 억제함으로써 비만을 개선한다는 것을 제시하였다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.583-589
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• 2021

Background In prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients, the drain tends to be kept in place longer than in patients who undergo only mastectomy. Postoperative arm exercise also increases the drainage volume. However, to preserve shoulder function, early exercise is recommended. In this study, we investigated the effect of early exercise on the total drainage volume and drain duration in these patients. Methods We designed a prospective randomized trial involving 56 patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy using tissue expanders. In each group, the patients were randomized either to perform early arm exercises using specific shoulder movement guidelines 2 days after surgery or to restrict arm movement above the shoulder height until drain removal. The drain duration and the total amount of drainage were the primary endpoints. Results There were no significant differences in age, height, weight, body mass index, or mastectomy specimen weight between the two groups. The total amount of drainage was 1,497 mL in the early exercise group and 1,336 mL in the exercise restriction group. The duration until complete removal of the drains was 19.71 days in the early exercise group and 17.11 days in the exercise restriction group. Conclusions Exercise restriction after breast reconstruction did not lead to a significant difference in the drainage volume or the average time until drain removal. Thus, early exercise is recommended for improved shoulder mobility postoperatively. More long-term studies are needed to determine the effect of early exercise on shoulder mobility in prosthesis-based breast reconstruction patients.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.171-185
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• 2007

1. Objectvies This experimental study was designed to investigate the effect of cheongpesagan-tang extract on the obstruction of the lipase activity and weight, plasma, UCP1, 2 mRNA in db/db mouse. Material and Methods: The body weight loss, food intake, feeding efficiency ratio, weight of the internal organs (liver, kidney, epididymal fat, brown adipose tissue), plasma glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, white adipose tissue, adipocyte size distribution, expression of UCP1, 2 mRNA were measured in db/db mouse administered Cheongpesagan-tang extract for 6 weeks. These were then compared with those of control groups administered the diet. 2. Results 1) Inhibitory effect against lipase activity was Kilgyung(81.7%), Nabokja (73.1%), Seungma(73.0%), Daewhang (68.4%), Kalgeun (55.3%), Kobon(34.5%), Hwanggeum(4.2%). 2) In the sample group, the body weight was significantly decrease than that of control group. 3) In the sample group, the weight of epididymal fat showed significantly decrease than that of control group. 4) In the sample group, triglyceride showed significantly decrease than that of control group. 5) In the sample group, distribution of adipose tissue showed significantly larger than that of control group. 6) In the sample group, UCP1, 2 mRNA in BAT showed significantly increase than that of control group. 3. Conclusions These results show that cheongpesagan-tang has an effect on the treatment of obesity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2013

Background Preoperative volume assessment is useful in breast reconstruction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mammography are commonly available to reconstructive surgeons in the care of a patient with breast cancer. This study aimed to verify the accuracy of breast volume measured by MRI, and to identify any factor affecting the relationship between measured breast volume and actual breast weight to derive a new model for accurate breast volume estimation. Methods From January 2012 to January 2013, a retrospective review was performed on a total of 101 breasts from 99 patients who had undergone total mastectomy. The mastectomy specimen weight was obtained for each breast. Mammographic and MRI data were used to estimate the volume and density. A standard statistical analysis was performed. Results The mean mastectomy specimen weight was 340.8 g (range, 95 to 795 g). The mean MRI-estimated volume was $322.2mL^3$. When divided into three groups by the "difference percentage value", the underestimated group showed a significantly higher fibroglandular volume, higher percent density, and included significantly more Breast Imaging, Reporting and Data System mammographic density grade 4 breasts than the other groups. We derived a new model considering both fibroglandular tissue volume and fat tissue volume for accurate breast volume estimation. Conclusions MRI-based breast volume assessment showed a significant correlation with actual breast weight; however, in the case of dense breasts, the reconstructive surgeon should note that the mastectomy specimen weight tends to overestimate the volume. We suggested a new model for accurate breast volume assessment considering fibroglandular and fat tissue volume.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2007

In order to investigate the effects of Bogigambi-tang(here in after referred to BGGBT) on the obese gene and obese inhibitory, C57BL/6 mice were induced by high fat diet. C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups(normal, high fat diet with control, high fat diet with BGGBT extract) and fed for 15 weeks. Items of this experimental study are as follows. Body weight change, final inclose of body weight, the weight change of the adipocytes in body, the level change of ALT, AST, total cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, free fatty acid and creatinine, the expression of ${\beta}$3AR and leptin gene in primary adipocytes, the production change of leptin in primary adipocytes, the expression of ${\beta}$3AR and leptin in adipocytes tissue. The following results have been obtained All experimental group have shown that the weight and the final increase of weight have decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the amount of the adipocyte in weight has decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the amount of leptin has decreased considerably. All experimental group have shown that the revelation of ${\beta}$3AR in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell has increased considerably, and that the revelation of leptin in primary adipose cell and 3T3-L1 cell has decreased considerably, All experimental group have shown that the size of adipocyte in adipocytes tissue has decreased. The high density group have shown that the adipose vacuoles in liver tissue has decreased considerably, and that the cell nucleuses has similar with normal group.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.186-201
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• 2001

Purpose ; In order to study the effect of Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B 16 and immunity in mice, the Control group with normal saline acupunchure after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells, the Sample I with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by distilled water extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells and the Sample II with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by alcohol extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells were divided. Methods ; To evauluate the effect of Houttuynias herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B16 in mice, the weight of mouse melanoma, body weight, spleen index( $\sqrt(Weight of spleen/Body weight){\times}100$), lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue, the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue are measured. Results ; In study of the weight of mouse melanoma, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) showed statistically significant inhibitory effect. And in study of effect of reduction of change in body weight of mouse, Sample I showed statistically significant inhibitory effect, too. In study of reduction of spleen index, lymphocytes numbers in mouse spleen tissue, and the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II ) showed with statistically significant inhibitory effect. Also, Sample I showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue and Sample II showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse spleen tissue with statistical significance. Conclusions ; The inhibitory effect of reduction of lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and IL-2 productivity, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) didn't show significant effect.