• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.813-828
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• 2010

Objective : Yegangji-tang (YJT) is noted in China as effective medicine for hyperlipidemia. This experiment was performed to determine the effects of Yegangji-tang (銳降脂湯: YJT) on antioxidant activity and hyperlipidemia induced by hypercholesterolemic diet in mice. Methods : We observed three experimental groups: normal, control, and treatment. Rats were provided a normal diet in the normal group, and the other groups were provided a hypercholesterolemic diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After 2 weeks, YJT was treated to the treatment group. We observed the change of body and liver weight, change of serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of liver tissue, cholesterol gene revelation control efficiency, and histologic change of liver and abdominal aorta. Results : Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides decreased significantly with YJT, whereas HDL cholesterol increased significantly. Lipid peroxidation decreased and antioxidant activity of the liver increased significantly. Gene revelation of ACAT and HMG-CoA reductase in hepatic tissue decreased significantly with YJT. We also found that tissue defects of the liver and abdominal aorta were controlled by YJT on histologic study. Conclusion : These results suggest that YJT might be effective in treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.800-807
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• 2006

This study examined the possibility of using a tissue cultured root of wild Panax ginseng (tcwPG) as a fertility agent. The effect of tcwPG on spermatogenesis was studied using male rats. The tcwPG crude powder was administered orally to 7-week-old rats over a 6-week period. The number of sperm in the testes and epididymides was significantly higher than the control. A histological examination did not reveal any morphological changes in the testes from the tcwPG powder treated rats. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the weights of the heart, spleen, liver, kidney, brain, testes and epididymides. Oligospermia was also induced by administering 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodaibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to the rats in order to estimate the feasibility of using tcwPG as treatment for infertility caused by spermatogenic disorders. After exposing the rats to TCDD, the tcwPG saponin fraction treated rats showed some improvement in the body weight, sperm number and testis morphology. It was estimated that tcwPG had feasibility as a therapeutic agent on spermatogenic disorder.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.533-539
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• 1999

The effects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, on body fat gain, balance serum lipid values were investigated in rats fed a high-fat(30%) diet. Administration of capsaicin by dietary administration caused a complete cessation of increased in body weight and fat gain induced by the high-fat diet. However, energy intake and body protein gain were not affected by capsaicin. Therefore, the suppression of body fat gain by capsaicn was believed due to an increased in energy expenditure. Simultaneous administration of capsaicin and a $\beta$-adrenergic blocker, propranolo, resulted in the inhibition of changes in body fat gain by capsaicin without remained unchanged, indicating an increase in the number of mitochondria in brown adipose tissue. Therefore, it appears that capsaicin possesses potent body fat suppressive effects mediated by $\beta$-adrenergic stimulation in which brown adipose tissue may be involved. On the other hand, capsaicin had no effects on serum triglyceride, total cholesterol or HDL-cholesterol levels. These results are in contrast to those reported by other investigators. Perhaps expression of the effects of capsaicin on plasma lipids is a rather complicated process, dependent on the type of diet administered, fat content of the diet, period and route of capsaicin administration, and species and strain of animals used.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.371-390
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• 1990

Production of free radicals of superoxide anion in tissues by cadmium, activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase to protect tissue damages caused by the free radicals and ATPase that plays an important role in energy metabolism at cellular level were investigated. Experiments in vivo were conducted with liver, kidney and testicle tissue homogenates of rats adding $0.05{\sim}0.50mM$ cadmium chloride, and in vivo experiments administering single dose of 5 mg of cadmium/kg of body weight in 0.1% cadmium chloride solution intraperitoneally 48 hours prior to evisceration. Production of superoxide radicals in liver and testicle increased with addition of cadmium in vitro, but not in kidney. In vivo experiments, however, superoxide radicals slightly increased in liver and kidney but not in testicle. Superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD), catalase and ATPase (total, $Mg^{++}-\;&\;Na^+,\;K^+-$) activity decreased in the presence of cadimium in dose dependent manner. Reduction of these enzyme activities varied not only with dosage of cadmium but also with type of tissue and between in vitro and in vivo experiment.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2007

We demonstrate the capability of differential-phase optical coherence tomography (DP-OCT) to detect superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles taken up by liver parenchymeal macrophages (Kupffer cells). We apply an external time-varying high-intensity focused magnetic field. Our experiments demonstrate a novel diagnostic modality to detect macrophages that have taken up SPIO nanoparticles. Magnetic force acting on the nanoparticles was varied by applying a sinusoidal current to a solenoid containing a conical iron core that substantially increased and focused the magnetic field strength ($B_{max}$ = 2 Tesla). $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice were sacrificed 2 days post intravenous injections of different SPIO doses (1.0, and 0.1 mmol Fe/kg body weight). Livers of $ApoE^{-/-}$ mice with and without injection of SPIO nanoparticles were investigated using DP-OCT, which detects tissue movement with nanometer resolution. Frequency response of iron-laden liver movement was twice the stimulus frequency. Movement was not observed in livers of control mice. Results of our experiments indicate DP-OCT is a candidate methodology to detect tissue based macrophages containing SPIO nanoparticles excited by an external focused magnetic field.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.361-368
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• 2007

Biological samples can be fixed either by chemical method by using chemical solution or physical methods by using heat treatment. The problem in traditional heat fixation is unsatisfactory quality due to uneven heat conduction in specimen and loss of inner cell contents. Chemical fixation method also bears several intrinsic problems like the limit in specimen size, time consumption in fixative impregnation, and loss of low molecular weight cell components. These factors deteriorate the quality of fixed specimen, thus limit the magnification and contrast of tissue pictures. Microwave heat has been reported to be a good alternative to current chemical methods to overcome these problem. In this study, we tried to introduce the microwave energy method to routine fixation work in hospital. We replaced chemical fixative with saline to provide moderate reaction condition, and used frozen section to reduce time for sample preparation. Temperature was measured at each experiment. The fixation of rat kidney tissue with 2.45 GHz electromagnetic wave and saline showed similar result to the control group fixed with traditional chemical method. Human tumor tissue fixed with 2.45 GHz electromagnetic in frozen section was improved in terms of histochemistry of PAS and immunohistochemistry of tumor marker like cytokeratin. Total turnaround time was reduced from $24\sim38$ h to to $2\sim4$ h. In conclusion, the quality of samples prepared by microwave heating method was at least as good as that of traditional method. If the condition for the fixation of different specimens is standardized, this new method could be applied to routine work in hospital, and could save working time as well.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1994

Pulp and palm of the hand and heel of the sole are anatomically unique. Satisfactory reconstruction of these areas presents the plastic surgeon with many challenges and requires durable and sensible skin coverage, minimal donor morbidity and reliable operative procedure. We presents 7 clinical cases of sensate instep free flap transfer in this paper during the last 2 years. Three cases were soft tissue defects due to crushing and avulsion injury on the pulp of finger. 1 case was unstable scar and redundant flap after reconstruction of soft tissue dect of palm and 1 case was contracture of first web of hand. One case was a soft tissue defect due to avulsion injury on heel. Lastly, one case was chronic osteomyelitis with open wound on lateral malleolar area. Follow-up period ranged from 3 months to 2 years. Through the whole follow-up period, all flaps were viable and durable to persistant stress or weight bearing and were sensible enough to porotect the recocstructed area from injuries and maintain functions. In conclusions, the instep free flap should be considered as a valuable tool in reconstruction of hand and extremity requiring durability and sensation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.710-718
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• 2006

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Chihyo-san (CHS) administration on asthma induced by Alum/OVA treatment in the mice. In CHS-treated animal group, lung weight, which was increased after asthma induction, was significantly decreased, and total number of cells in the lung, peripheral lymph node (PLN) and spleen tissue was significantly decreased in CHS-treated group compared to the asthma control group. The number of immune cells including natural killer (NK) cells in asthmatic animals was largely regulated by CHS treatment, showing a similar pattern as that of CsA-treated positive control group. Levels of mRNAs encoding inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-13, $TNF-{\alpha}$, and eotaxin were determined by RT-PCR in the lung tissue and showed decreases in CHS-treated group to the similar levels of CsA-treated control group, Histamine level in the serum was significantly lower in CHS-treated group than asthma-induced control group. Both haematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson's trichrome staining results showed decreased number of inflammatory cells, reduced immune cell infiltration, and normalized epithelial cell layering in the bronchial tissue of CHS-treated mouse group. Thus, the present findings suggest that CHS may be useful for protecting bronchial tissues from consistent inflammatory damages that occur in asthma patients.

• 동국한의학연구소논문집
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.177-182
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• 1993

This study were performed for the effects of Panax ginseng on the side effect of Cyclophosphamide to splenic tissue in the Rats. The experimental animals were divided into control group, test group by the way of the method treatment of the drug. Each group was sacrificed and stained in accordance with the schedule and observed under light microscope. The results of this study were as follows : 1. After the ginseng extract administration rat's weight and volume were similarly increased than normal and control group. 2. The decrease of the numbers of the splenic tissue after treatment of cyclophosphamide(CP) were recovered with prescription of the ginseng extract; the decrease of white pulp, red pulp, marginal zone were recovered. 3. Increased macrophage in red pulp of splenic tissue with administration of CP were disapeared after treatment of ginseng extract.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.3-15
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• 1988

When X-rays were projected into a patient, there occured the phenomena such as penetration, absorption and scattering etc. The penetrating rays were recorded on films as X-ray image used for diagnosis but scattered rays caused the radiation hazard both to the patient, specialist and technicians. The soft tissue includes many organs which are sensitive to the radiation and in may occupy $40{\sim}50%$ of body weight. Therefore X-rays should be carefully projected to the patient and it is strongly recommended to analyse the distribution of X-rays, when ever the patient is exposed to X-rays. In this study, the distribution of X-ray according to the thickness, the radiation field and the tube voltages (kVp) in soft tissue, the following results were obtained: 1. Total transmitted rays which kept the step with X-ray tube voltage (kVp) increased in proportion to the increasing of X-ray tube voltage. 2. The scattered ray rate in the total transmitted ray was not significantly found with X-ray tube voltage. 3. The affecting factors of the scattered ray rate in total transmitted ray were shown through the radiation field and the thickness. 4. The dose of scattered ray by the angle was observed more in direction of primary ray ($0^{\circ}$) and back scattering ($160^{\circ}$) than in direction of $90^{\circ}$. 5. The more the distance from phantom to the patient should be less distribution of scattered ray.